Diagnostic Pathology: Genitourinary

SECTION 1: KIDNEY
Introduction and Overview
1. Introduction to Renal Cell Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
10 Classification of Kidney Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Familial Cancer Syndromes
12 von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
16 Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
20 Hereditary Leiomyomatosis Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Victor E. Reuter, MD, and Mahul B. Amin, MD
24 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
28 Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Syndrome
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
32 Hereditary Papillary Renal Cancer and Miscellaneous Other Familial Cancer Syndromes
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Nonneoplastic Lesions
38 Renal Tuberculosis, Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis, Renal Malakoplakia
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Renal Cell Tumors, Benign
44 Papillary Adenoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
48 Renal Oncocytoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Renal Cell Carcinoma
54 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
64 Multilocular Cystic Renal Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
68 Clear Cell Renal Cancers With Fibromyomatous Stroma, Including ELOC (Formerly TCEB1) Mutated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Judy Sarungbam, MD, Satish K. Tickoo, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD
74 Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Tumor
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
82 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
92 Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
100 Collecting Duct Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
106 SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma and SMARCB1-Deficient Medullary-Like Renal Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
112 TFE3- and TFEB-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinomas
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
120 Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Yingbei Chen, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD
126 Tubulocystic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Judy Sarungbam, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD
130 Thyroid-Like Follicular Carcinoma of Kidney
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
134 Acquired Cystic Disease-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
140 Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
144 ALK Rearrangement-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
148 Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
150 Other Eosinophilic/Oncocytic Tumors, Including ESC, EVT, and LOT
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
154 Subsequent 2nd Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
158 Renal Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Metanephric Tumors
162 Metanephric Adenoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
168 Metanephric Tumors Other Than Metanephric Adenoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Nephroblastic Tumors
172 Nephrogenic Rests
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
176 Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
186 Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Mesenchymal Tumors
188 Angiomyolipoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
194 Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma/Epithelioid PEComa
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
200 Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
204 Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
208 Rhabdoid Tumor of Kidney
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Mixed Mesenchymal and Epithelial Tumors
212 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor (MEST) Family Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
220 Pediatric Cystic Nephroma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
224 Synovial Sarcoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Neuroendocrine Tumors
228 Renal Neuroendocrine Tumor/Carcinoid Tumor and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
232 Renal Ewing Sarcoma
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Hematopoietic Tumors
236 Hematopoietic Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Judy Sarungbam, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Metastatic and Other Tumors
242 Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor (Reninoma)
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
246 Renomedullary Interstitial Cell Tumor
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
250 Other Rare Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
258 Metastatic Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD
Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Kidney
262 Immunohistochemistry, Kidney
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD

SECTION 2 Introduction and Overview

270 Classification of Bladder Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Microscopic Anatomy
272 Microscopic Anatomy of Urinary Bladder
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
276 Microscopic Anatomy of Urethra
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
280 Microscopic Anatomy of Ureter
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
282 Microscopic Anatomy of Renal Pelvis
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Nonneoplastic Lesions of Urinary Tract
286 Overview of Cystitis
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
292 Polypoid Cystitis
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
300 Malakoplakia
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
306 Schistosomiasis
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
308 von Brunn Nests
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
314 Nephrogenic Adenoma (Metaplasia)
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
322 Fibroepithelial Polyp
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
326 Prostatic-Type Polyp (Ectopic Prostate)
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
330 Amyloidosis
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
332 Müllerian Lesions
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
336 Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
344 Hamartoma
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Urothelial Neoplasms, General
346 Overview of Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
Flat Urothelial Lesions
350 Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
358 Flat Urothelial Lesions Other Than Carcinoma In Situ
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
UROTHELIAL NEOPLASMS, NONINVASIVE
362 Atypical Urothelial Proliferations, Flat and Tented Type (Formerly Flat and Papillary Hyperplasia)
Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
364 Urothelial Papilloma
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
370 Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
374 Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
378 High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
384 Inverted Urothelial Neoplasia
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Urothelial Neoplasms, Invasive
394 Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
404 Urothelial Carcinoma, Subtypes and Divergent Differentiation
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Glandular Lesions
426 Cystitis Cystica et Glandularis
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
430 Villous Adenoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
432 Invasive Adenocarcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
438 Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
Squamous Lesions
444 Squamous Proliferations Other Than Carcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
448 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
Mesenchymal Lesions
454 Myofibroblastic Proliferations
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
462 Smooth Muscle Tumors
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
470 Rhabdomyosarcoma
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
476 Other Mesenchymal Tumors
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Other Tumors of Urinary Bladder
484 Paraganglioma
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
492 Metastatic/Secondary Involvement of Bladder
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
Diverticula of Urinary Tract
500 Diverticula
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
504 Diverticular-Associated Neoplasia
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
URETHRA
508 Inflammatory Lesions of Urethra
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
512 Carcinoma of Urethra
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
516 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Urethra
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
URETER
520 Urothelial Carcinoma of Ureter
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
524 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Ureter
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
RENAL PELVIS
530 Urothelial Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
540 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Renal elvis
Urachs
546 Urachal Remnants
Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD
548 Tumors of Urachus
Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Urinary Bladder
554 Immunohistochemistry, Urinary Tract
SECTION 3: PROSTATE GLAND AND SEMINAL VESICLE
Introduction and Overview
562 Classification of Prostate Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions
Gladell P. Paner, MD, (BS) MT
564 General Concepts, Prostate
570 Microanatomy and Zonal Variations
580 Imaging Considerations for Pathologists
NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS
584 Prostatitis
588 Prostate Hyperplasia
596 Adenosis
Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD
600 Atrophy and Its Patterns
606 Hyperplasia of Mesonephric Remnants
610 Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia
Gladell P. Paner, MD, (BS) MT and Deepika Sirohi, MD
612 Nephrogenic Adenoma (Metaplasia) of Prostatic Urethra
PUTATIVE PREMALIGNANT LESIONS AND LESIONS FALLING SHORT OF MALIGNANT DIAGNOSIS
620 Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Prostate Neoplasms
630 General Concepts, Prostate Carcinoma
638 Acinar Adenocarcinoma
656 Acinar Adenocarcinoma Subtypes and Patterns
668 Atypical Small Acinar Proliferations
674 Intraductal Proliferations and Ductal Carcinoma
682 Ductal Adenocarcinoma
690 Urothelial Carcinoma Involving Prostate Gland
696 Prostate Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation
704 Adenoid Cystic (Basal Cell) Carcinoma of Prostate
710 Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Prostate
716 Carcinomas With Squamous Differentiation
722 Cystic Epithelial Tumors of Prostate
724 Stromal Tumors
732 Mesenchymal Tumors of Prostate
740 Melanocytic Lesions of Prostate
744 Hematopoietic Neoplasms of Prostate
748 Secondary Tumors of Prostate
Tumors of Seminal Vesicle
752 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor
756 Seminal Vesicle Adenocarcinoma
Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions Involving Prostate Gland
758 Immunohistochemistry, Prostate
SECTION 4: TESTIS AND PARATESTICULAR STRUCTURES
766 Classification of Testis and Paratestis Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD
768 Cryptorchidism
772 Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD
776 Nontuberculous Infections
778 Nonspecific Granulomatous Orchitis
780 Tuberculous Epididymo-Orchitis
Germ Cell Tumors
782 General Concepts, Germ Cell Tumors
Germ Cell Tumors Related to Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ
790 Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ
796 Seminoma
804 Intratubular Seminoma
806 Intratubular Embryonal Carcinoma
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD
808 Embryonal Carcinoma
814 Yolk Sac Tumor
822 Choriocarcinoma and Other Trophoblastic Tumors
828 Postpubertal-Type Teratoma
832 Mixed Germ Cell Tumors
836 Somatic-Type Malignancy in Germ Cell Tumor
838 Burnt-Out (Regressed) Germ Cell Tumor
Germ Cell Tumors Unrelated to Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ
840 Spermatocytic Tumor
844 Pediatric Germ Cell Tumor, General Concepts
846 Prepubertal-Type Teratoma
850 Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal Type
854 Mixed Teratoma and Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal Type
Muhammad T. Idrees, MD
856 Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (Monodermal Teratoma)
Sex Cord-/Gonadal Stromal Tumors
860 General Concepts, Sex Cord-/Gonadal Stromal Tumors
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD
868 Leydig Cell Tumors
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD
872 Sertoli Cell Tumors
878 Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor
882 Intratubular Large Cell Hyalinizing Sertoli Cell Tumor
Mukul K. Divatia, MD, Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD
884 Granulosa Cell Tumor
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD
888 Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor
892 Fibroma-Thecoma
Mukul K. Divatia, MD, Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD
894 Myoid Gonadal Stromal Tumor
896 Signet-Ring Stromal Tumors
898 Testicular Tumor of Adrenogenital Syndrome
902 Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor, Mixed/Unclassified
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and
906 Gonadoblastoma
Hematopoietic Tumors
910 Lymphoma/Leukemia/Plasmacytoma
Tumors Of Paratesticular Structures
916 Adenomatoid Tumor
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD
920 Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor
922 Malignant Mesothelioma
926 Adenocarcinoma of Rete Testis/Epididymis
928 Epididymal Tumors
930 Ovarian Epithelial-Type Tumors
934 Liposarcoma
940 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor
944 Rhabdomyosarcoma
950 Other Sarcomas
Metastatic Tumors, Testis and Paratesticular Structures
954 Metastatic Tumors, Testis and Paratesticular Structures
Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Testis and Paratesticular Structures
958 Immunohistochemistry, Testis
SECTION 5: PENIS AND SCROTUM
Frequent Lesions of Uncertain Relationship to Penile Neoplasia
968 Condyloma
María José Fernández De Nestosa, PhD
972 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Elsa F. Velazquez, MD, Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
974 Squamous Hyperplasia
Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
978 Lipogranuloma
Elsa F. Velazquez, MD and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
980 Scrotal Calcinosis
Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia
982 Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Elsa F. Velazquez, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
Primary Epithelial Tumors
988 General Concepts, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Including Staging and Molecular Pathology)
Antonio L. Cubilla, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, Mahul B. Amin, MD, and Elsa F. Velazquez, MD
1002 Overview of HPV- and Non-HPV-Related Tumors
María José Fernández De Nestosa, PhD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, Mahul B. Amin, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Subtypes
1006 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Usual Type
Antonio L. Cubilla, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD
1010 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1014 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Subtype
Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
1016 Warty (Condylomatous) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1020 Warty-Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1022 Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1026 Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
1030 Pseudoglandular Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1032 Pseudohyperplastic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1034 Cuniculatum Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1038 Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1042 Mixed Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1046 Undifferentiated to Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinomas With Prominent Inflammatory Infiltrate
1048 Clear Cell Carcinoma
Other Neoplastic Conditions
1050 Extramammary Paget Disease
1054 Kaposi Sarcoma
Elsa F. Velazquez, MD, Jesse K. McKenney, MD, and
Antonio L. Cubilla, MD
1056 Myointimoma
Mahul B. Amin, MD and Jatin S. Gandhi, MD
Metastatic Tumors
1058 Metastatic Tumors, Penis
Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Penis
1060 Immunohistochemistry, Penis