Developments in Palygorskite-Sepiolite Research

A New Outlook on these Nanomaterials

1st Edition, Volume 3 - July 20, 2011
Editors: Arieh Singer, Emilio Galan
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 3 6 0 7 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 3 6 0 8 - 2

The aim of this comprehenvise book is to present the most important results achieved in the research of the clay minerals palygorskite and sepiolite. Palygorskite and sepiolite… Read more

Developments in Palygorskite-Sepiolite Research

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The aim of this comprehenvise book is to present the most important results achieved in the research of the clay minerals palygorskite and sepiolite. Palygorskite and sepiolite have found to be useful in a huge variety of industrial and medical applications. As a result, research on these clays has been intensified during the last two decades, and important advances in their characterization have been made. The book contains contributions from distinguished scientists in the field.

Contributors
Dedication
Preface
List of Reviewers
Chapter 1: The Structures and Microtextures of the Palygorskite–Sepiolite Group Minerals

1 Introduction
2 Part 1. Structure-related topics
3 Discussion of structure-related topics
4 Part 2: Microstructure-related topics

Chapter 2: Advances in the Crystal Chemistry of Sepiolite and Palygorskite

1 Introduction
2 Chemical composition of sepiolite
3 Chemical composition of palygorskite
4 Is there a compositional gap between sepiolite and palygorskite?
5 Possible structural arrangements of the intermediate minerals
6 Open questions

Chapter 3: Environmental Influences on the Occurrences of Sepiolite and Palygorskite: A Brief Review

1 Introduction
2 Spain
3 Turkey
4 Kenya
5 Morocco
6 Tunisia
7 Senegal
8 South Africa
9 Somalia
10 Argentina
11 United States
12 Summary

Chapter 4: An Introduction to Palygorskite and Sepiolite Deposits—Location, Geology and Uses

1 Introduction
2 United States
3 Spain
4 Senegal
5 Turkey
6 Other worldwide deposits
7 Summary

Chapter 5: Palygorskite Clays in Marine Sediments: Records of Extreme Climate

1 Introduction
2 History of deep-sea palygorskite research
3 Cretaceous palygorskite clay in the Central Atlantic
4 Early Eocene palygorskite clay in Gulf of Guinea and Sargasso Sea
5 Perspectives for marine palygorskite research

Chapter 6: Palygorskite and Sepiolite Deposits in Continental Environments. Description, Genetic Patterns and Sedimentary Settings

1 Introduction
2 Genetic conditions
3 Main genetic characteristics of the worldwide deposits and occurrences of sepiolite and palygorskite in continental sedimentary environments
4 Final remarks

Chapter 7: Sepiolite–Palygorskite Occurrences in Turkey

1 Introduction
2 Geology and mineralogy
3 Geochemistry
4 Genesis
5 Economy
6 Conclusions

Chapter 8: Genesis and Distribution of Palygorskite in Iranian Soils and Sediments

1 Introduction
2 Palaeogeography and palaeogeology of Iran
3 Climate of Iran
4 Palygorskite in western Iranian soils
5 Palygorskite in central Iranian soils and sediments
6 Palygorskite in southern Iranian soils and parent rocks
7 Palygorskite in north-eastern Iranian soils
8 Conclusions
9 Direction for future research

Chapter 9: Evidence for the Biogenic Origin of Sepiolite

1 Introduction
2 Biomorphs in the dolomite–sepiolite sediments from the Miocene in the Madrid Basin
3 Recognition of mineral formation processes
4 Sepiolite mineralization hypothesis: Passive organomineralization of sepiolite

Chapter 10: Overview of Chinese Palygorskite Clay Resources—Their Geology, Mineralogy, Depositional Environment, Applications and Processing

1 Introduction
2 Previous work in the area
3 Geology
4 Mineralogy
5 Depositional enviornment of the Guanshan palygorskite
6 Processing of Chinese playgorskite clay
7 Industrial uses of Guanshan palygorskite clays
8 Summary

Chapter 11: Amargosa Sepiolite and Saponite

1 Introduction
2 Geographic and geologic settings
3 Mineralogy, chemistry, and functional properties of Amargosa sepiolite and saponite
4 Uses and markets of Amargosa sepiolite
5 Studies related to health and sepiolite

Chapter 12: Current Industrial Applications of Palygorskite and Sepiolite

1 Introduction
2 Physico-chemical features
3 Special industrial operations to enhance properties and uses: The most relevant market
4 Health and safety issues
5 Conclusions

Chapter 13: Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Uses of Fibrous Clays

1 Introduction
2 Mineralogy, chemistry and habit
3 Pharmaceutical and cosmetic nomenclature and specifications
4 Use as active substances
5 Use as excipients
6 Drug interactions
7 Use of fibrous clays in cosmetics
8 Health risks of fibrous clays
9 Concluding remarks

Chapter 14: The Effects of Palygorskite on Chemical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils

1 Introduction
2 Magnesium chemistry of palygorskite-containing soils
3 Point of zero charge of the palygorskite surface
4 Rheology of standard palygorskite suspensions
5 Rheology of palygorskite-containing soil clay suspensions
6 Flocculation of palygorskite-containing clays
7 Effect of palygorskite on disaggregation and colloid migration in soils
8 Palygorskite-cemented crusts (palycretes)
9 Mechanisms of metal sorption on palygorskite
10 Use of palygorskite for metal immobilization in soils
11 Research needs

Chapter 15: Adsorption of Surfactants, Dyes and Cationic Herbicides on Sepiolite and Palygorskite

1 Introduction
2 Surface-related physico-chemical properties
3 Surface modifications of sepiolite by surfactants—literature survey
4 Model equations
5 Results of model application

Chapter 16: Sepiolite and Palygorskite as Sealing Materials for the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide

1 Introduction
2 Interaction of sepiolite and palygorskite with supercritical CO₂
3 Modelling the role of sepiolite and palygorskite in the geological storage of CO₂: A task for the future
4 Concluding remarks

Chapter 17: Advanced Materials and New Applications of Sepiolite and Palygorskite

1 Introduction
2 Use of sepiolite and palygorskite as nanoclays
3 Sepiolite-based functional materials: Hybrid nanomaterials
4 Conclusions

Chapter 18: The Maya Blue Pigment

1 History of Maya blue
2 Experimental techniques
3 The syntheses, properties and nature of MB
4 MB research in relation with the archaeological and historical contexts

Subject Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Developments in Palygorskite-Sepiolite Research

A New Outlook on these Nanomaterials

Purchase options

Innovate. Sustain. Transform.

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Arieh Singer

Emilio Galan