Development Neuropsychobiology

Contributors

Preface


1. Embryonic Mechanisms

I. Pattern Formation

II. The Limb as a Model System

III. Peripheral Innervation

References


2. Regulation of Nerve Fiber Elongation during Embryogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Neurite Formation In Vitro

III. Regulation of the Route of Neurite Growth In Vitro

IV. Regulation of the Route of Nerve Fiber Elongation In Vivo

V. Is Regulation of Nerve Fiber Growth Related to Synaptogenesis

VI. Summary

References


3. Pathways and Changing Connections in the Developing Insect Nervous System

I. Introduction

II. Embryogenesis: Foundations for Neurogenesis

III. Postembryonic Development: Remodeling en Route

IV. Ectopic Sensilla: An Experimental Approach to Path-finding in the Nervous System

V. Conclusions

References


4. The Normal and Abnormal Development of the Mammalian Visual System

I. Introduction

II. Patterns of Organization

III. Normal Development

IV. Variants of Normal Development

V. Discussion

VI. Conclusions

References


5. Do Neurotransmitters, Neurohumors, and Hormones Specify Critical Periods

I. An Hierarchical Model for the Specification of Critical Periods

II. Neurotransmitters and Neurohumors as Develomental Signals

III. Hormones as Temporal Regulators of Postnatal Neurogenesis

IV. Hormonal-Humoral Interactions

V. Drugs, Stress, and Other Environmental Influences on the Humoral and Hormonal Milieu of the Developing Nervous System: Implications for Their Teratogenic Effects

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References


6. Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

I. Introduction

II. Possible Mechanisms of Steroid Action

III. Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Structure

IV. The Possible Role of α-Fetoprotein

V. The Possible Importance of Estrogen Per Se

VI. An Experimental Approach to the Problem

VII. How Might Hormones Change Growth Patterns and Neuronal Circuits

VIII. Hormonal Effects: Direct or Indirect

IX. In Vitro Veritas

References


7. Behavioral Neuroembryology: Motor Perspectives

I. Introduction

II. History

III. Embryology of Behavior and Its Neural Correlates

IV. Development of Specific Motor Patterns

V. Tissue Culture Approaches to Neurobehavioral Problems

VI.Conclusions and Future Priorities

References


8. Ontogeny of the Encephalization Process

I. Behavioral Development

II. Encephalization of the Spinal Motor System

III. The Encephalization Process

IV. Interference with Encephalization

References


9. Neuronal Activity as a Shaping Factor in Postnatal Development of Visual Cortex

I. Introduction

II. Experience Effects on Binocularity

III. Evidence for a Central Control of Experience-Dependent Modifications

IV. A Voltage-Dependent Threshold for Hebbian Modifications

V. The Chemical Nature of Permissive Gating Signals

VI. Implications for Normal Development

VII. Concluding Remarks

References


10 Experience and Development in the Visual System: Anatomical Studies

I. Introduction

II. Normal Development

III. Effects of Visual Deprivation on Development

IV. Binocularly Competitive and Noncompetitive Mechanisms

V. Summary and Conclusions

References


11. Experience and Visual Development: Behavioral Evidence

I. Introduction: General Perspectives and Methodology

II. Specific Visual Capacities and Sensory Experience

III. Concluding Observations

References


12. Neural Correlates of Development and Plasticity in the Auditory, Somatosensory, and Olfactory Systems

I. Introduction

II. The Auditory System

III. The Somatosensory System

IV. The Olfactory System

V. Dimensions of Plasticity

VI. Implications for Behavior

References


13. What's Special about Development? Thoughts on the Bases of Experience-Sensitive Synaptic Plasticity

I. Introduction

II. Overproduction of Synapses and Expected Information

III. Synaptogenesis and Unexpected Information

IV. Mechanisms of Synapse Pattern Change in Later Development and Adulthood

V. Conclusions

References


14. Sex Differences in Developmental Plasticity of Behavior and the Brain

I. Introduction: Human Development

II. Sex Differences in Animals in Response to the Environment

III. Implications for Human Sex Differences

References


15. The Development of Olfactory Control over Behavior

I. Introduction

II. Orientation

III. Contact Behavior (Huddling)

IV. Suckling

V. Olfactory Conditioning outside the Nest

VI. Neural Development of the Olfactory System

VII. A Model for Olfactory Modification of Behavior during Ontogeny

VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions

References


16. New Views of Parent-Offspring Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Some Seminal Concepts: Antecedents to New Views

III. Concepts of Infancy and Development

IV. Models of Parent-Offspring Relationships

V. Form and Functions of Parent-Offspring Relationships

References

Index