Dermatology

2-Volume Set

5th Edition - January 20, 2024
Authors: Jean L. Bolognia, Julie V. Schaffer, Lorenzo Cerroni
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 4 6 8 - 3
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 2 2 5 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 4 6 9 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 4 8 0 4 - 4

**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Dermatology**For dermatology residents and trainees, as well as those in clinical practice, Dermatology is the leading reference for un… Read more

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**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Dermatology**

For dermatology residents and trainees, as well as those in clinical practice, Dermatology is the leading reference for understanding, diagnosing, and treating the full spectrum of skin disease—and is the key resource that residents rely on throughout their training and certification. Widely recognized for its easy-in, easy-out approach, this revised 5th Edition turns complex information into user-friendly visual content through the use of clear, templated chapters, digestible artwork, and easy-to-follow algorithms and tables. This two-volume masterwork provides complete, authoritative coverage of basic science, clinical practice of both adult and pediatric dermatology, dermatopathology, and dermatologic surgery—more than any other source, making it the gold standard reference in the field today.

Instructions for Online Access
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
Copyright
Video Table of Contents
Preface
Contributors
Disclosure Index
User Guide
Volumes, Sections, and Color Coding
Volume One
Volume Two
Dedication
Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments
Past Editors
Section 1: Overview of Basic Science
0. Basic Principles of Dermatology
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY
THE ROLE OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY IN CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION
INTRODUCTION TO THE USE OF DERMOSCOPY (DERMATOSCOPY)
INTRODUCTION TO CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
1. Anatomy and Pathophysiology
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF SKIN
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN AS IT RELATES TO DISEASE
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
2. Skin Development and Maintenance
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
EMBRYONIC ORIGIN OF THE SKIN
EPIDERMAL DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED CELLS WITHIN THE EPIDERMIS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERMIS AND SUBCUTIS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERMAL–EPIDERMAL JUNCTION
DEVELOPMENT OF SKIN APPENDAGES (ADNEXAE)
SKIN STEM CELLS
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF GENODERMATOSES
SIGNIFICANCE OF SKIN DEVELOPMENT IN POSTNATAL LIFE
REFERENCES
3. Molecular Biology
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSIONS
Copyright notice
REFERENCES
4. Immunology
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
REFERENCES
Section 2: Pruritus
5. Cutaneous Neurophysiology
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
PRURITUS PATHWAYS
MEDIATORS OF PRURITUS
CHRONIC ITCH
TREATMENTS FOR PRURITUS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
6. Pruritus and Dysesthesia
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT
PRURITUS IN DERMATOLOGIC DISEASE
DERMATOSES INDUCED BY PRURITUS-ASSOCIATED SCRATCHING OR RUBBING
PRURITUS IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
PRURITUS VARIANTS
PRURITUS IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE
PRURITUS IN PREGNANCY
PHARMACOLOGIC PRURITUS
PSYCHOGENIC PRURITUS
NEUROPATHIC ETIOLOGIES OF PRURITUS AND DYSESTHESIA
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
7. Psychocutaneous Diseases
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
PRIMARY PSYCHODERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
SECONDARY PSYCHODERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
REFERENCES
Section 3: Papulosquamous and Eczematous Dermatoses
8. Psoriasis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
e-References
9. Other Papulosquamous Disorders
Abstract
Chapter Contents
SMALL PLAQUE PARAPSORIASIS
LARGE PLAQUE PARAPSORIASIS
PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES
PITYRIASIS RUBRA PILARIS
PITYRIASIS ROSEA
PITYRIASIS ROTUNDA
GRANULAR PARAKERATOSIS
REFERENCES
10. Erythroderma
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
11. Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Dermatoses
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Lichen Planus
Lichen Striatus
Lichen Nitidus
Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans
Keratosis Lichenoides Chronica
Actinic Lichen Nitidus (Summertime Actinic Lichenoid Eruption)
Annular Lichenoid Dermatitis (of Youth)
References
12. Atopic Dermatitis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY AND DEFINITIONS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND SEVERITY SCORES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
13. Other Eczematous Eruptions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Asteatotic Eczema
Disseminated Eczema (Autosensitization)
Nummular Dermatitis
Pityriasis Alba
Htlv-Associated Infective Dermatitis
Regional Eczematous Disorders
References
14. Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Abstract
Introduction
History Of Patch Testing
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment And Patient Education
Allergens
Textile Dermatitis
Rubber Chemicals
Systemic Contact Dermatitis
Airborne Contact Dermatitis
References
15. Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Abstract
Introduction
History
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Classification of Irritant Chemicals
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
References
16. Occupational Dermatoses
Abstract
Introduction
History
Epidemiology
The Occupational Dermatoses
References
17. Dermatoses Due to Plants
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
IMMUNOLOGIC CONTACT URTICARIA
TOXIN-MEDIATED (NON-IMMUNOLOGIC) CONTACT URTICARIA
MECHANICAL IRRITANT DERMATITIS
CHEMICAL IRRITANT DERMATITIS
PHYTOPHOTODERMATITIS
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS (see Ch. 14)
OCCUPATIONAL PLANT DERMATOSES
DERMATOSES ERRONEOUSLY ASCRIBED TO PLANTS
REFERENCES
Section 4: Urticarias, Erythemas, and Purpuras
18. Urticaria and Angioedema
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
PROGNOSIS
REFERENCE
REFERENCES
19. Figurate Erythemas
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ERYTHEMA ANNULARE CENTRIFUGUM
ERYTHEMA MARGINATUM
ERYTHEMA MIGRANS
ERYTHEMA GYRATUM REPENS
References
20. Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Erythema Multiforme
Stevens–Johnson Syndrome And Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
References
21. Drug Reactions
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES
CLINICAL FEATURES
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES
22. Purpura: Mechanisms and Differential Diagnosis
Abstract
Introduction
The Time Course Of Purpura
Hemostasis/Coagulation
Overlap Of Coagulation And Inflammatory Vessel Disease
Tests For Coagulation
Antiplatelet And Anticoagulant Agents
Selected Purpura Syndromes
References
23. Cutaneous Manifestations of Microvascular Occlusion Syndromes
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
DISORDERS OF PLATELET-RELATED THROMBOPATHY
DISORDERS OF CRYOPRECIPITATION OR CRYOAGGLUTINATION
DISORDERS OF OCCLUSION BY OPPORTUNISTIC ORGANISMS PROLIFERATING WITHIN VESSELS
DISORDERS OF OCCLUSION BY EMBOLI
SYSTEMIC COAGULOPATHIES WITH CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS
DISORDERS OF VASCULAR COAGULOPATHIES WITH CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS
DISORDERS OF CELL-RELATED VASCULAR OCCLUSION
DISORDERS OF OCCLUSION, MISCELLANEOUS
REFERENCES
24. Cutaneous Vasculitis
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
SMALL VESSEL VASCULITIS
PREDOMINANTLY SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIDES
PREDOMINANTLY MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS
TEMPORAL ARTERITIS (GIANT CELL ARTERITIS)
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED VASCULITIS
EREFERENCES
REFERENCES
25. Neutrophilic Dermatoses
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Neutrophil Biology
Sweet Syndrome
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Behçet Disease
Bowel-Associated Dermatosis–Arthritis Syndrome
Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, And Osteitis (Sapho) Syndrome
Erosive Pustular Dermatosis
References
26. Eosinophil-Associated Dermatoses
Abstract
Chapter Contents
EOSINOPHIL BIOLOGY
Tissue Effects And Innate Immunity
Eosinophil-Associated Dermatoses
Hypereosinophilic Syndromes
References
27. Pregnancy Dermatoses
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
GESTATIONAL PEMPHIGOID
POLYMORPHIC ERUPTION OF PREGNANCY
INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY
ATOPIC ERUPTION OF PREGNANCY
APPROACH TO THE PREGNANT WOMAN WITH PRURITUS
DERMATOSES INFLUENCED BY PREGNANCY
PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY
AUTOIMMUNE PROGESTERONE DERMATITIS
e-References
Further reading
REFERENCES
Section 5: Vesiculobullous Diseases
28. The Biology of the Basement Membrane
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN OF THE EPIDERMAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE
BASAL KERATINOCYTES: HEMIDESMOSOME-ANCHORING FILAMENTS AND INTEGRINS
THE LAMINA DENSA
ANCHORING FIBRILS AND THE SUBLAMINA DENSA REGION
BASEMENT MEMBRANE REMODELING
THE EPIDERMAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE IN BULLOUS DISEASES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
29. Pemphigus
Abstract
Introduction
History
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
30. Pemphigoid Group
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Bullous Pemphigoid
Introduction
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
References
31. Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis
Abstract
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Linear Iga Bullous Dermatosis
References
32. Epidermolysis Bullosa
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
KINDLER EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA
REFERENCES
33. Other Vesiculobullous Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
BULLOSIS DIABETICORUM
COMA BLISTERS
FRICTION BLISTERS
BULLOUS CUTANEOUS SMALL VESSEL VASCULITIS
BULLOUS DRUG ERUPTIONS
BULLOUS INSECT BITE REACTIONS
DELAYED POSTBURN/POSTGRAFT BLISTERS
EDEMA BLISTERS
ADDITIONAL VESICULOBULLOUS DISORDERS
REFERENCES
34. Vesiculopustular and Erosive Disorders in Newborns and Infants
Abstract
COMMON CAUSES
UNCOMMON AND RARE CAUSES
VERY RARE DISORDERS
REFERENCES
Section 6: Adnexal Diseases
35. Structure and Function of Eccrine, Apocrine, and Sebaceous Glands
Abstract
Chapter Contents
ECCRINE AND APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
REFERENCES
36. Acne Vulgaris
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS OF ACNE
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
37. Rosacea and Related Disorders
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
TREATMENT
ROSACEA-LIKE DISORDERS
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
38. Folliculitis, Follicular Occlusion Tetrad, and Other Follicular Disorders
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Superficial Folliculitis
Disorders Of Follicular Keratinization
Trichostasis Spinulosa
Viral-Associated Trichodysplasia Spinulosa
Deep Folliculitis
Follicular Occlusion Tetrad
Acknowledgment
References
39. Diseases of the Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Sweat Glands
Hyperhidrosis
Hypohidrosis And Anhidrosis
Abnormalities And Alterations Of Eccrine And Apocrine Sweat Composition
Diagnostic Microscopic Changes In Eccrine Sweat Glands
Influence Of Sweat On Skin Diseases
Additional Disorders Of The Eccrine Sweat Gland
Disorders Of The Apocrine Sweat Gland
References
Section 7: Rheumatologic Dermatology
40. Autoantibodies Encountered in Patients with Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
THE FLUORESCENT ANTI-NUCLEAR ANTIBODY (FANA) TEST
AUTOANTIBODIES IN LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
AUTOANTIBODIES IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY DERMATOMYOPATHIES
AUTOANTIBODIES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SSc; SCLERODERMA) AND MORPHEA (LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA)
AUTOANTIBODIES IN OTHER RHEUMATIC DISORDERS AFFECTING THE SKIN
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
41. Lupus Erythematosus
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
42. Dermatomyositis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
43. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Systemic Sclerosis
Eosinophilic Fasciitis
Stiff Skin Syndrome
Sclerodermoid Syndromes Induced By Exogenous Substances
References
44. Morphea and Lichen Sclerosus
Abstract
MORPHEA
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
LABORATORY FINDINGS
PATHOLOGY
MORPHEAFORM (AND SCLERODERMOID) INFLAMMATORY SYNDROMES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
LICHEN SCLEROSUS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
45. Other Rheumatologic Disorders and Autoinflammatory Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Still Disease)
Introduction
Adult-Onset Still Disease
Relapsing Polychondritis
Sjögren Syndrome
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Extra-Articular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoinflammatory Diseases
Acknowledgment
References
Section 8: Metabolic and Systemic Diseases
46. Mucinoses
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
PRIMARY DEGENERATIVE–INFLAMMATORY MUCINOSES
PRIMARY HAMARTOMATOUS–NEOPLASTIC MUCINOSES
SECONDARY CUTANEOUS MUCINOSES
REFERENCES
47. Amyloidosis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PRIMARY LOCALIZED CUTANEOUS AMYLOIDOSIS
SECONDARY CUTANEOUS AMYLOIDOSIS
SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS
INHERITED AMYLOIDOSES
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
48. Deposition Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Gout
Pseudogout
Lipoid Proteinosis
Colloid Milium
Mucopolysaccharidoses
References
49. Porphyria
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
THE NON-ACUTE PORPHYRIAS
THE ACUTE PORPHYRIAS
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
50. Calcifying and Ossifying Disorders of the Skin
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
CUTANEOUS CALCIFICATION
CUTANEOUS OSSIFICATION (OSTEOMA CUTIS)
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION
REFERENCES
51. Nutritional Diseases
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
52. Graft-versus-Host Disease
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
53. Dermatologic Manifestations in Patients with Systemic Disease
Abstract
Chapter Contents
CUTANEOUS RHEUMATOLOGY
CUTANEOUS HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
CUTANEOUS DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINOLOGIC AND/OR METABOLIC DISORDERS
CUTANEOUS GASTROENTEROLOGY
OTHER SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS
REFERENCES
Section 9: Genodermatoses
54. Basic Principles of Genetics
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
GENETIC DISEASES
MENDELIAN PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
EXCEPTIONS TO BASIC MENDELIAN PATTERNS OF HERITANCE
EPIGENETICS AND IMPRINTING
CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS
COMPLEX GENETIC TRAITS
IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASE GENES
INTERPRETATION OF SEQUENCE VARIANTS
NEXT-GENERATION (MASSIVELY PARALLEL) SEQUENCING
GENETIC COUNSELING
TUMOR GENETICS FOR THE DERMATOLOGIST
REFERENCES
55. Genetic Basis of Cutaneous Diseases
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
McKUSICK’S MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN
GENOTYPE–PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS
MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF HEREDITARY SKIN DISORDERS
CONTIGUOUS GENE SYNDROMES
CUTANEOUS MOSAICISM
REVERTANT MOSAICISM
CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS
INSIGHT INTO ACQUIRED SKIN DISORDERS PROVIDED BY THE STUDY OF GENODERMATOSES
PRENATAL AND PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT FOR HEREDITARY SKIN DISORDERS
REFERENCES
56. Biology of Keratinocytes
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
THE EPIDERMIS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
KERATIN INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
EPIDERMAL DIFFERENTIATION
KERATINOCYTE ADHESION
KERATINOCYTE–MATRIX INTERACTIONS
RELATED DISEASES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
57. Ichthyoses, Erythrokeratodermas, and Related Disorders
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
COMMON ICHTHYOSES
KERATINOPATHIC ICHTHYOSES
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CONGENITAL ICHTHYOSES
SYNDROMIC ICHTHYOSES
ERYTHROKERATODERMAS
X-LINKED DOMINANT ICHTHYOSIFORM DISORDERS
OTHER ICHTHYOSES, PEELING SKIN SYNDROMES, AND RELATED DISORDERS
REFERENCES
58. Palmoplantar Keratodermas
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HEREDITARY KERATODERMAS
DIFFUSE PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMAS WITH ICHTHYOSIS
DIFFUSE PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMAS WITH ASSOCIATED FEATURES/SYNDROMIC
FOCAL PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA WITHOUT ASSOCIATED FEATURES (ISOLATED, NON-SYNDROMIC)
FOCAL PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA WITH ASSOCIATED FEATURES/SYNDROMIC
PUNCTATE PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA WITHOUT ASSOCIATED FEATURES (ISOLATED, NON-SYNDROMIC)
PUNCTATE PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA WITH ASSOCIATED FEATURES/SYNDROMIC
ACQUIRED KERATODERMAS AND RELATED CONDITIONS
REFERENCES
59. Darier Disease and Hailey–Hailey Disease
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Darier Disease
Hailey–Hailey Disease
References
60. Primary Immunodeficiencies
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ATAXIA–TELANGIECTASIA
CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
CARTILAGE–HAIR HYPOPLASIA SYNDROME
CHÉDIAK–HIGASHI SYNDROME
COMPLEMENT DISORDERS
CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULIN E SYNDROMES
IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCIES
IPEX SYNDROME
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY
SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND OMENN SYNDROME
WISKOTT–ALDRICH SYNDROME
REFERENCES
61. Neurofibromatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1
TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX
REFERENCES
62. Mosaicism and Linear Lesions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction and History
Patterns and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Mosaicism
APPROACH TO MOLECULAR TESTING FOR GENOMIC MOSAICISM
FUNCTIONAL MOSAICISM IN X-LINKED GERMLINE DISORDERS
Epidermal Nevi and Related Syndromes
Mosaicism in Other Autosomal Dominant Disorders
Vascular Malformations
Pigmented Lesions With a Mosaic Distribution Pattern
Linear Inflammatory Disorders
Pigmentary Mosaicism
Chimerism
References
63. Other Genodermatoses
Abstract
Chapter Contents
DISORDERS FEATURING TUMORIGENESIS
MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA
PTEN HAMARTOMA TUMOR SYNDROME, INCLUDING COWDEN SYNDROME
GARDNER SYNDROME (VARIANT OF FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS)
MUIR–TORRE SYNDROME (VARIANT OF LYNCH SYNDROME)
ENZYME DEFICIENCY DISEASES
ALKAPTONURIA
BIOTINIDASE AND HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCIES
FABRY DISEASE
FUCOSIDOSIS
GAUCHER DISEASE
HARTNUP DISEASE
MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS
ACID SPHINGOMYELINASE DEFICIENCY (NIEMANN–PICK DISEASE)
PHENYLKETONURIA
Acknowledgment
PREMATURE AGING SYNDROMES AND POIKILODERMAS
HUTCHINSON–GILFORD PROGERIA SYNDROME
WERNER SYNDROME
ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIAS
HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA WITH IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
HIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
WITKOP TOOTH AND NAIL SYNDROME
ANKYLOBLEPHARON–ECTODERMAL DEFECTS–CLEFT LIP/PALATE SYNDROME
ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA–ECTRODACTYLY–CLEFTING SYNDROME
Acknowledgments and disclosures
REFERENCES
64. Developmental Anomalies
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
THE MIDLINE LESION
APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA
OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
REFERENCES
Section 10: Pigmentary Disorders
65. Melanocyte Biology
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN AND FUNCTION OF THE MELANOCYTE
FORMATION AND FUNCTION OF THE MELANOSOME
REGULATION OF MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS
REFERENCES
E-References
66. Vitiligo and Other Disorders of Hypopigmentation
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
VITILIGO
HEREDITARY HYPOMELANOSIS
NUTRITIONAL HYPOMELANOSIS
HYPOMELANOSIS SECONDARY TO CUTANEOUS INFLAMMATION
INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC HYPOMELANOSIS
HALO NEVUS AND MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED LEUKODERMA
CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGIC HYPOMELANOSIS
HYPOMELANOSIS FROM PHYSICAL AGENTS
MISCELLANEOUS
REFERENCES
67. Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
Abstract
Chapter Contents
DIFFUSE AND CIRCUMSCRIBED HYPERPIGMENTATION
POSTINFLAMMATORY HYPERPIGMENTATION
ERYTHEMA DYSCHROMICUM PERSTANS
LICHEN PLANUS PIGMENTOSUS
MELASMA
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF CIRCUMSCRIBED HYPERPIGMENTATION
PIGMENTED LESIONS
DRUG-INDUCED HYPERPIGMENTATION OR DISCOLORATION
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF DIFFUSE HYPERPIGMENTATION
PIGMENTARY DEMARCATION LINES
LINEAR POSTINFLAMMATORY HYPERPIGMENTATION
FLAGELLATE PIGMENTATION FROM BLEOMYCIN
SHIITAKE DERMATITIS (FLAGELLATE MUSHROOM DERMATITIS)
HYPERPIGMENTATION ALONG THE LINES OF BLASCHKO
RETICULATED HYPERPIGMENTATION
PRURIGO PIGMENTOSA
DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA
NAEGELI–FRANCESCHETTI–JADASSOHN SYNDROME
DERMATOPATHIA PIGMENTOSA RETICULARIS
X-LINKED RETICULATE PIGMENTARY DISORDER
DOWLING–DEGOS DISEASE
RETICULATE ACROPIGMENTATION OF KITAMURA
DYSCHROMATOSES
DYSCHROMATOSIS SYMMETRICA HEREDITARIA
DYSCHROMATOSIS UNIVERSALIS HEREDITARIA
ACQUIRED BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS DYSCHROMATOSIS
REFERENCES
Section 11: Hair, Nails, and Mucous Membranes
68. Biology of Hair and Nails
Abstract
PRINCIPLES OF ADNEXAL MORPHOGENESIS
BIOLOGY OF HAIR
BIOLOGY OF NAILS
REFERENCES
69. Alopecias
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
NON-CICATRICIAL (NON-SCARRING) ALOPECIAS
CICATRICIAL (SCARRING) ALOPECIAS
HAIR SHAFT ABNORMALITIES
ALOPECIA OF SITES OTHER THAN THE SCALP
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
70. Hypertrichosis and Hirsutism
Abstract
HYPERTRICHOSIS
HIRSUTISM
REFERENCES
71. Nail Disorders
Abstract
Chapter Contents
ANATOMY
NAIL SIGNS
CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY NAIL DISEASES
THE NAIL IN DERMATOLOGIC DISEASES
THE NAIL IN SYSTEMIC DISEASES
INFECTIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL NAIL DISORDERS
TRAUMATIC NAIL ABNORMALITIES
NAIL TUMORS
REFERENCES
72. Oral Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
COMMON BENIGN CONDITIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY
SYNDROMES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
PERIODONTAL AND DENTAL DISEASE
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INJURIES
ALLERGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES
CHEILITIS
EPITHELIAL PATHOLOGY
SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEMATOLOGIC/ONCOLOGIC DISEASE
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
73. Anogenital (Non-venereal) Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
LICHEN SCLEROSUS
LICHEN PLANUS
ZOON BALANITIS/VULVITIS
EPITHELIAL DISORDERS OF THE ANOGENITAL REGION
RED SCROTUM SYNDROME/RED VULVA SYNDROME
PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS
DYSESTHETIC GENITAL PAIN SYNDROMES
BENIGN LESIONS
THE ANOGENITAL REGION AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE
INFECTIONS
EROSIVE GENITAL DISEASE
REFERENCES
Section 12: Infections, Infestations, and Bites
74. Bacterial Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
THE CUTANEOUS MICROBIOTA
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
SPIROCHETES
BACTERIA PREVIOUSLY CLASSIFIED AS FUNGI
REFERENCES
75. Mycobacterial Infections
Abstract
Chapter Contents
HANSEN DISEASE (LEPROSY)
CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS
NON-TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIOSES
REFERENCES
76. Rickettsial Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
SPOTTED FEVER AND TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS
SCRUB TYPHUS
HUMAN EHRLICHIOSES
HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC ANAPLASMOSIS
Q FEVER
REFERENCES
77. Fungal Diseases
Abstract
SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
REFERENCES
78. Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
HIV-RELATED INFECTIOUS SKIN CONDITIONS
NON-INFECTIOUS HIV-RELATED DERMATOSES
HIV-RELATED CUTANEOUS NEOPLASMS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSIS
ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART)
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
79. Human Papillomaviruses
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
THERAPY
HPV VACCINES
REFERENCES
80. Human Herpesviruses
Abstract
Chapter Contents
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES (HSV-1 AND HSV-2)
VARICELLA–ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV; HHV-3)
EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS (HHV-4)
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (HHV-5)
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 6 (HHV-6)
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 7 (HHV-7)
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 8 (HHV-8)
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
81. Other Viral Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS
MEASLES
RUBELLA
ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM
ROSEOLA INFANTUM
UNILATERAL LATEROTHORACIC EXANTHEM
GIANOTTI–CROSTI SYNDROME
POXVIRUS INFECTIONS
VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS, INCLUDING DENGUE
WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTION
ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION
CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER
BARMAH FOREST AND ROSS RIVER VIRUS INFECTIONS
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF HEPATITIS A, B, AND C INFECTION
POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS
RABIES
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION
KAWASAKI DISEASE
REFERENCES
82. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
SYPHILIS
GONORRHEA
CHANCROID
LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
DONOVANOSIS (GRANULOMA INGUINALE)
REFERENCES
83. Protozoa and Worms
Abstract
Chapter Contents
PROTOZOA
WORMS (HELMINTHS)
REFERENCES
84. Infestations
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Scabies
Head Lice
Crab Lice
Body Lice
Tungiasis
Cutaneous Myiasis
References
85. Bites and Stings
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Insects
Arachnids
Centipedes (Class Chilopoda) And Millipedes (Class Diplopoda)
Snake Bites
Dog And Cat Bites
Leeches
Marine Injuries
References
Section 13: Disorders Due to Physical Agents
86. Ultraviolet Radiation
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
SPECTRUM OF UV LIGHT AND ABSORPTION SPECTRA
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT: SUNBURN AND TANNING
EFFECTS ON THE CUTANEOUS IMMUNE SYSTEM
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT: PHOTOAGING AND PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS
UV INDUCTION OF DNA DAMAGE
REPAIR OF UV-INDUCED DNA DAMAGE
UV-INDUCED MUTATIONS
MECHANISMS OF UV-BASED PHOTOTHERAPY
PHOTOPROTECTION BY UV FILTERS AND OTHER MODALITIES
REFERENCES
87. Photodermatologic Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Abnormal Cutaneous RESPONSES To Light
Normal Cutaneous Effects Of Uvr And Visible Light Exposure
References
88. Environmental and Sports-Related Skin Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Injury Due To Heat Exposure
Injury Due To Cold Exposure
Injury Due To Water Exposure
Injury Due To Electricity
Injury Due To Chemical Exposure
Frictional And Traumatic Injury To The Skin
Environmental Dermatoses Of The External Ear
Sports-Related Dermatoses
Amputee-Related Dermatoses
Musical Instrument-Related Dermatoses
Appendix
References
89. Signs of Substance Use Disorder
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
90. Skin Signs of Abuse
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Child Abuse
Elder Abuse
References
Section 14: Disorders of Langerhans Cells and Macrophages
91. Histiocytoses
Abstract
OVERVIEW
“L” GROUP: LANGERHANS-RELATED HISTIOCYTOSES
“C” GROUP: CUTANEOUS AND MUCOCUTANEOUS HISTIOCYTOSES
“R” GROUP: ROSAI–DORFMAN DISEASE
“M” GROUP: MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSES
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
92. Xanthomas
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
93. Non-infectious Granulomas
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
SARCOIDOSIS
GRANULOMA ANNULARE
NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA
CUTANEOUS CROHN DISEASE
FOREIGN BODY GRANULOMAS (see Ch. 94)
OROFACIAL GRANULOMATOSIS (OFG; see Ch. 72)
REACTIVE GRANULOMATOUS DERMATITIS – INCLUDES INTERSTITIAL GRANULOMATOUS DERMATITIS, PALISADED NEUTROPHILIC AND GRANULOMATOUS DERMATITIS, AND INTERSTITIAL GRANULOMATOUS DRUG REACTION
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
94. Foreign Body Reactions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
FOREIGN BODY REACTIONS TO INORGANIC AND METALLIC COMPOUNDS
REACTIONS TO ORGANIC AND BIOLOGIC PRODUCTS
INJECTABLE SOFT TISSUE FILLERS
MISCELLANEOUS
REFERENCES
Section 15: Atrophies and Disorders of Dermal Connective Tissues
95. Biology of the Extracellular Matrix
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
DISEASES RELATED TO ECM DEFECTS
REFERENCES
96. Perforating Diseases
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
97. Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
EHLERS–DANLOS SYNDROME
PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM
CUTIS LAXA
REFERENCES
98. Dermal Hypertrophies
Abstract
Chapter Contents
HYPERTROPHIC SCARS AND KELOIDS
DUPUYTREN DISEASE
CUTIS VERTICIS GYRATA
HYALINE FIBROMATOSIS SYNDROME (JUVENILE HYALINE FIBROMATOSIS AND INFANTILE SYSTEMIC HYALINOSIS)
ELASTIC TISSUE-RELATED DISORDERS
REFERENCES
99. Atrophies of Connective Tissue
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Mid-Dermal Elastolysis
Anetoderma
Striae
Atrophoderma Of Pasini And Pierini
Follicular Atrophoderma
Atrophia Maculosa Varioliformis Cutis
Piezogenic Pedal Papules (Piezogenic Papules)
Other Atrophies of the Connective Tissue
References
Section 16: Disorders of Subcutaneous Fat
100. Panniculitis
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM
SUBACUTE NODULAR MIGRATORY PANNICULITIS
MORPHEA/SCLERODERMA PANNICULITIS
ALPHA-1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY PANNICULITIS
ERYTHEMA INDURATUM
PANCREATIC PANNICULITIS
SCLEREMA NEONATORUM, SUBCUTANEOUS FAT NECROSIS OF THE NEWBORN, AND POST-STEROID PANNICULITIS
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PANNICULITIS (LUPUS PANNICULITIS)
PANNICULITIS OF DERMATOMYOSITIS
TRAUMATIC PANNICULITIS
LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS
INFECTION-INDUCED PANNICULITIS
CYTOPHAGIC HISTIOCYTIC PANNICULITIS
MALIGNANT SUBCUTANEOUS INFILTRATES
UNUSUAL OR NEWLY DESCRIBED FORMS OF PANNICULITIS
REFERENCES
101. Lipodystrophies
Abstract
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Acquired Lipodystrophy Due To Other Causes
References
Section 17: Vascular Disorders
102. Vascular Biology
Abstract
Chapter Contents
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CUTANEOUS BLOOD VESSELS
VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CUTANEOUS LYMPHATIC VASCULAR SYSTEM
ANGIOGENESIS- AND LYMPHANGIOGENESIS-RELATED DISEASES
ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPIES
REFERENCES
103. Infantile Hemangiomas
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
RADIOLOGIC FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
RAPIDLY INVOLUTING AND NON-INVOLUTING CONGENITAL HEMANGIOMAS
REFERENCES
104. Vascular Malformations
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
Acknowledgment
Appendix
REFERENCES
105. UlcersAriela Hafner and Eli Sprecher
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
VENOUS ULCERS
LYMPHEDEMA
ARTERIAL ULCERS
DIABETIC (AND NEUROPATHIC) ULCERS
ULCERS DUE TO PHYSICAL FACTORS
OTHER CAUSES OF SKIN ULCERATION
REFERENCES
106. Other Vascular Disorders
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
LIVEDO RETICULARIS AND LIVEDO RACEMOSA
FLUSHING
ERYTHROMELALGIA
TELANGIECTASIAS
VENOUS LAKES
NEVUS ANEMICUS
ANGIOSPASTIC MACULES (BIER SPOTS)
REFERENCES
Section 18: Neoplasms of the Skin
107. Principles of Cutaneous Tumor Biology
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
THE GENOME PERSPECTIVE
THE CELL PERSPECTIVE
THE TISSUE PERSPECTIVE
PATHOGENESIS OF KERATINOCYTE CARCINOMAS
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
108. Actinic Keratosis, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
RISK FACTORS (Table 108.2)
ACTINIC KERATOSIS AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
TREATMENT
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
109. Benign Epidermal Tumors and Proliferations
Abstract
Chapter Contents
SOLAR LENTIGO
SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS
LICHENOID KERATOSIS
DERMATOSIS PAPULOSA NIGRA
STUCCO KERATOSIS
POROKERATOSIS
FLEGEL DISEASE
ACROKERATOSIS VERRUCIFORMIS
CUTANEOUS HORN
CLEAR CELL ACANTHOMA
INVERTED FOLLICULAR KERATOSIS
WARTY DYSKERATOMA
ACANTHOLYTIC (DYSKERATOTIC) ACANTHOMA
EPIDERMOLYTIC ACANTHOMA
LARGE CELL ACANTHOMA
EPIDERMAL NEVUS (SEE Ch. 62)
INFLAMMATORY LINEAR VERRUCOUS EPIDERMAL NEVUS
NEVUS COMEDONICUS
ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
NEVOID HYPERKERATOSIS OF THE NIPPLE AND AREOLA
CONFLUENT AND RETICULATED PAPILLOMATOSIS
TERRA FIRMA-FORME DERMATOSIS
CLEAR CELL PAPULOSIS
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
110. Cysts
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
CYSTS WITH A LINING OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
CYSTS LINED WITH NON-STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
CYSTS WITHOUT AN EPITHELIAL LINING
REFERENCES
111. Adnexal Neoplasms
Abstract
Chapter Contents
NEOPLASMS AND PROLIFERATIONS WITH FOLLICULAR DIFFERENTIATION
NEOPLASMS AND PROLIFERATIONS WITH SEBACEOUS DIFFERENTIATION
NEOPLASMS AND PROLIFERATIONS WITH APOCRINE (OR ECCRINE) DIFFERENTIATION
NEOPLASMS AND PROLIFERATIONS WITH ECCRINE DIFFERENTIATION
REFERENCES
112. Benign Melanocytic Neoplasms and Melanotic Lesions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
CIRCUMSCRIBED MELANOTIC LESIONS
MELANOCYTIC NEVI
REFERENCES
113. Melanoma
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS
HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MELANOMA
EPIDEMIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS FOR CUTANEOUS MELANOMA
TYPES OF PRIMARY MELANOMAS
OTHER MELANOMA VARIANTS
MELANOMA AND PREGNANCY
MELANOMA IN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT POPULATION
DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
STAGING
PROGNOSIS
EVALUATION OF A PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED MELANOMA
MANAGEMENT
MELANOMA SURVEILLANCE
REFERENCES
114. Vascular Neoplasms and Neoplastic-Like Proliferations
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
BENIGN VASCULAR NEOPLASMS AND REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS
BORDERLINE AND LOW-GRADE MALIGNANT VASCULAR NEOPLASMS
MALIGNANT VASCULAR NEOPLASMS
PERIVASCULAR NEOPLASMS AND NEOPLASTIC-LIKE PROLIFERATIONS
REFERENCES
115. Neural and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (Other than Neurofibromatosis)
Abstract
Chapter Contents
CLASSIFICATION, TERMINOLOGY, AND HISTOGENESIS
NEUROMAS
SCHWANNOMA
NEUROFIBROMA
NERVE SHEATH MYXOMA AND CELLULAR NEUROTHEKEOMA
GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
PERINEURIOMA
MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR
MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA
HETEROTOPIC NEURAL TISSUE OF THE SKIN
PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS
REFERENCES
116. Fibroblastic, Myofibroblastic, and “Fibrohistiocytic” Proliferations and Neoplasms of the Skin
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Skin Tags
Cutaneous Angiofibroma
Dermatofibroma
Acral Fibrokeratoma
Acral Fibromyxoma
Sclerotic Fibroma Of The Skin
Pleomorphic Fibroma Of The Skin
Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
Dermatomyofibroma
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (Localized Type)
Fibroma Of Tendon Sheath
Nodular Fasciitis
Connective Tissue Nevus
Inclusion Body Fibromatosis
Infantile Myofibromatosis
Myopericytoma
Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Fibrous Hamartoma Of Infancy
Fibromatoses
Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor
Atypical Fibroxanthoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Giant Cell Fibroblastoma
Fibrosarcoma
Epithelioid Sarcoma
References
E-References
117. Smooth Muscle, Adipose, and Cartilage Neoplasms
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
TUMORS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
TUMORS OF FAT
TUMORS OF CARTILAGE
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
118. Mastocytosis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
119. B Cell Lymphomas of the Skin
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
PLASMA CELL DYSCRASIAS, INCLUDING MULTIPLE MYELOMA
CUTANEOUS AND SYSTEMIC PLASMACYTOSIS
References
120. Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS, CLASSIFICATION AND STAGING OF CTCL
MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
VARIANTS OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
SÉZARY SYNDROME
ADULT T CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS CD30-POSITIVE LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
SUBCUTANEOUS PANNICULITIS-LIKE T CELL LYMPHOMA
EXTRANODAL NK/T CELL LYMPHOMA, NASAL TYPE
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS AGGRESSIVE EPIDERMOTROPIC CD8-POSITIVE CYTOTOXIC T CELL LYMPHOMA
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ACRAL CD8-POSITIVE T CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS GAMMA/DELTA T CELL LYMPHOMA
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS CD4-POSITIVE SMALL/MEDIUM T CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS PERIPHERAL T CELL LYMPHOMA, NOS
REFERENCES
121. Other Lymphoproliferative and Myeloproliferative Diseases
Abstract
Chapter Contents
BENIGN LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATES
CUTANEOUS EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS
MALIGNANT HEMATOPOIETIC INFILTRATES
References
122. Cutaneous Metastases
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGY
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
REFERENCES
Section 19: Medical Therapy
123. Public Health and Dermatology
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF DERMATOLOGY
ROLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN DERMATOLOGY
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF A PREVENTIVE OR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS WHEN DESIGNING AND REVIEWING A STUDY
OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH IN DERMATO-EPIDEMIOLOGY
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
124-1. Skin Barrier
Abstract
Chapter Contents
STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR THE PERMEABILITY BARRIER
STRATUM CORNEUM FORMATION AND ORGANIZATION
EPIDERMAL METABOLISM AND THE SKIN BARRIER
CUTANEOUS DISEASES AND BARRIER DYSFUNCTION
TREATMENT OF SKIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION
124-2. Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery
Abstract
Keywords
Chapter Contents
PARAMETERS AFFECTING SKIN PERMEABILITY
STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
125. Glucocorticoids
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PHARMACOLOGY AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
CLINICAL INDICATIONS, DOSAGES, HPA-AXIS SUPPRESSION, TAPERING, AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
MAJOR SIDE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS AND DOSE ALTERATIONS
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
126. Retinoids
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanism Of Action
Indications (Table 126.3)
Dosage
Contraindications
Major Side Effects
Interactions
Use In Pregnancy And Lactation
References
127. Antimicrobial Drugs
Abstract
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
REFERENCES
128. Systemic Immunomodulators
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTERFERONS
GRANULOCYTE–MACROPHAGE AND GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS (GM-CSF AND G-CSF)
TARGETED IMMUNE MODULATORS
INTRAVENOUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN (IVIg)
REFERENCES
129. Other Topical Medications
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TOPICAL THERAPY
ANTIPRURITIC AGENTS
KERATOLYTICS AND HUMECTANTS
SKIN-LIGHTENING AGENTS
AGENTS THAT AFFECT HAIR GROWTH
IMMUNOMODULATORY AGENTS
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
VITAMIN D ANALOGUES
MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS
REFERENCES
130. Other Systemic Drugs
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
ANTIMALARIALS
APREMILAST
AZATHIOPRINE
BLEOMYCIN
CLOFAZIMINE
COLCHICINE
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
CYCLOSPORINE
DAPSONE
HYDROXYUREA
LEUKOTRIENE (LT) INHIBITORS
METHOTREXATE
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL AND MYCOPHENOLATE SODIUM
SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE (SSKI)
SIROLIMUS (RAPAMYCIN) AND TACROLIMUS
THALIDOMIDE AND LENALIDOMIDE
REFERENCES
131. Drug Interactions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Putting Interactions Into Perspective
Assessment Of Risk In The Clinical Outcome Of Drug Interactions
Levels Of Evidence
Absorption
Distribution
Drug Biotransformation
The Confusing World Of Drug Interactions
How To Minimize The Risk Of Drug–Drug Interactions
Conclusion
References
132. Sunscreens and Photoprotection
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
SUNSCREEN REGULATION
MECHANISMS OF SUNSCREEN ACTION
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN SUNSCREENS
SUNSCREEN BENEFITS
SUNSCREEN SAFETY
PHOTOPROTECTIVE CLOTHING
PHOTOPROTECTION STRATEGIES AND SUNSCREEN RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
133. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Natural Products – Medical Applications
Cannabinoids
Diet-Based Therapies
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Homeopathy
Aromatherapy
Mind–Body Medicine
Ayurveda
Conclusion
References
Section 20: Physical Treatment Modalities
134. Ultraviolet Therapy
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
PHOTOTHERAPY WITH UVB
PHOTOTHERAPY WITH THE 308 NM EXCIMER LASER OR LAMP
PHOTOTHERAPY WITH UVA1
PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY WITH PSORALENS (PUVA)
EXTRACORPOREAL PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY (PHOTOPHERESIS)
REFERENCES
135. Photodynamic Therapy
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
PDT – PHOTOCHEMISTRY, PHOTOBIOLOGY, AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
COMPONENTS OF PDT
DERMATOLOGIC APPLICATIONS
ADVERSE EFFECTS AND COMPLICATIONS OF PDT
PRACTICE AND TECHNIQUES
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
136. Lasers and Other Energy-Based Technologies – Principles and Skin Interactions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
LASERS
SKIN OPTICS
THERMAL INTERACTIONS
SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS
PHOTOMECHANICAL EFFECTS
COOLING FOR SKIN PROTECTION
APPLICATIONS OF LASER PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES OF LASER SAFETY
NON-LASER ENERGY SOURCES
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
137. Lasers and Other Energy-Based Therapies
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Types Of Lasers And Intense Pulsed Light
Ablative Lasers: Carbon Dioxide And Er:Yag
Fractionated Lasers
Treatment Of Chronic Photodamage
Treatment Of Vascular Lesions
Treatment Of Melanin-Containing Lesions
Hair Removal
Treatment Of Scars
Treatment Of Striae Distensae
Treatment Of Cellulite
Treatment Of Tattoos
Treatment Of Psoriasis And Vitiligo
Pre- And Postoperative Considerations, Side Effects, And Complications
Radiofrequency And Ultrasound
Microwaves
Home-Based Lasers
Emerging Technologies
Conclusions
References
138. Cryosurgery
Abstract
Historical Background
Principles Of Cryosurgery And Cryobiology
Instruments And Techniques
Preoperative Considerations
Treatment
Expected Postoperative Events And Care
Complications
Future Trends (Imaging Technology For Monitoring Cryosurgical Outcome)
References
139. Radiotherapy
Abstract
Chapter Contents
BASICS OF RADIOTHERAPY
RADIOTHERAPY OF BENIGN SKIN DISORDERS
RADIOTHERAPY OF IN SITU CUTANEOUS MALIGNANCIES
RADIOTHERAPY OF INVASIVE CARCINOMAS, SARCOMAS, AND LYMPHOMAS
PALLIATION
REACTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS
FUTURE TRENDS
REFERENCES
140. Electrosurgery
Abstract
Introduction And Background
Preoperative History And Considerations
Description Of Techniques
Variations/Unusual Situations
Postoperative Care
Complications
Electroepilation
Iontophoresis
Future Trends
References
Section 21: Surgery
141. Biology of Wound Healing
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISMS OF TISSUE REPAIR AND REGENERATION ARE EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED
IMPACT OF WOUND DEPTH ON WOUND HEALING
SKIN REPAIR – CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS
IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING – RISK FACTORS
THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR CHRONIC WOUNDS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
142. Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck
Abstract
Chapter Contents
TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE HEAD AND NECK
SKIN TENSION LINES
COSMETIC SUBUNITS
FREE MARGINS
THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCULOAPONEUROTIC SYSTEM
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
VASCULAR ANATOMY
THE FACIAL NERVE
SENSORY INNERVATION OF THE HEAD AND NECK
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THE HEAD AND NECK
REFERENCES
143. Anesthesia
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
144. Wound Closure Materials and Instruments
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Discussion
References
145. Dressings
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
MOIST HEALING ENVIRONMENT
HISTORY OF WOUND DRESSINGS
FUNCTIONS OF A WOUND DRESSING
TRADITIONAL WOUND DRESSINGS
FIRST AND SECOND INTENTION HEALING
ROLE OF DEBRIDEMENT
WOUND CLEANSERS
TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS AND DRESSINGS THAT CONTAIN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
MOISTURE-RETENTIVE DRESSINGS
ADVANCED WOUND THERAPIES
COMPRESSION THERAPY
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
146. Biopsy Techniques and Basic Excisions
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
KEY CONCEPTS
INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
PREOPERATIVE HISTORY AND CONSIDERATIONS
TECHNIQUES
VARIATIONS/UNUSUAL SITUATIONS
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
COMPLICATIONS
FUTURE TRENDS
REFERENCES
147. Flaps
Abstract
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
COMPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
148. Grafts
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction And Background
Wound Healing Considerations
Full-Thickness Skin Grafts
Split-Thickness Skin Grafts
Composite Grafts
Free Cartilage Grafts
Conclusions
References
149. Nail Surgery
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE NAIL UNIT
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND PATIENT PREPARATION
ANESTHESIA OF THE NAIL UNIT
INSTRUMENTS FOR NAIL SURGERY
NAIL PLATE AVULSION
BIOPSY TECHNIQUES
SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR DISORDERS OF THE NAIL UNIT
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
COMPLICATIONS OF NAIL SURGERY
REFERENCES
Further reading
150. Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
History
Training In Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Appropriate Use Criteria And Cost-Effective Care
Indications
Contraindications
Preoperative History And Considerations
Technique
Variations/Refinements
Challenges And Pitfalls
Reconstruction
Postoperative Care
Complications
Future Trends
References
E-REFERENCES
151. Surgical Complications and Optimizing Outcomes
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Section 22: Cosmetic Surgery
152. Evaluation of Beauty and the Aging Face
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION
EVALUATION OF BEAUTY
ANATOMIC BASIS FOR THE AGING APPEARANCE
PHOTOAGING
PIGMENTARY SYSTEM
VOLUME CHANGES – THE LOSS OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT
CHANGES IN FACIAL MUSCULATURE
CHANGES IN UNDERLYING CARTILAGE AND BONE
INHERENT LOSS OF ELASTICITY
SEX AND GENDER DIFFERENCES
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES
COMBINATION THERAPIES
REFERENCES
153. Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Future Directions
References
154. Chemical and Mechanical Skin Resurfacing
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction and History
Preoperative History and Considerations
Chemical Resurfacing Procedures
Mechanical Resurfacing Procedures
Postoperative Care
Complications
Conclusions and Future Trends
References
155. Phlebology and Treatment of Leg Veins
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Venous Anatomy, Physiology, And Pathophysiology
Physical Examination Of The Phlebology Patient
Laboratory Evaluation Of The Superficial Venous System
Compression In Sclerotherapy And Venous Disease
Sclerosing Solutions
Techniques For Treating Telangiectasias And Reticular Veins
Larger Varicose Veins
Postsclerotherapy Compression
Complications
Ambulatory Phlebectomy
Targeting The Saphenofemoral Junction (Sfj)
Conclusions
References
156. Body Contouring: Liposuction and Non-invasive Modalities
Abstract
Chapter Contents
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
CONSULTATION
LIPOSUCTION
LIPOSUCTION INSTRUMENTATION
LIPOSUCTION VARIATIONS
NON-COSMETIC LIPOSUCTION
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
COMPLICATIONS OF LIPOSUCTION
NON-INVASIVE BODY CONTOURING
CELLULITE
CONCLUSION
References
157. Hair Restoration
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Male And Female Pattern Hair Loss (Androgenetic Alopecia)
Hair Transplantation
Future Trends
Acknowledgment
References
158. Injectable Soft Tissue Augmentation
Abstract
Chapter Contents
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
GENERAL INJECTION PROTOCOLS
INJECTABLE SOFT TISSUE FILLER MATERIALS
PLATELET-RICH PLASMA
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
Copyright notice
REFERENCES
159. Botulinum Toxin
Abstract
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Properties Of Botulinum Toxins
Cosmetic Use Of Botulinum Toxin Type A
Medical Uses Of Botulinum Toxin Type A
Complications
Future Trends
Summary
References
Index

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Jean L. Bolognia

Julie V. Schaffer

Lorenzo Cerroni