Cycling

1st Edition, Volume 10 - July 22, 2022
Editors: Eva Heinen, Thomas Gotschi
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 1 5 6 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 1 5 7 - 4

This volume addresses key contemporary aspects in cycling policy, practice and research. Cycling has seen a sharp increase in scientific and policy attention in the past decade. Th… Read more

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This volume addresses key contemporary aspects in cycling policy, practice and research. Cycling has seen a sharp increase in scientific and policy attention in the past decade. The amount of research has surged over the past couple decades. Also, levels of cycling have increased substantially in many countries and cities, and many areas have seen increases in infrastructure investments. In addition, the last decade has seen innovations in bicycle technology, in particularly the rise of electric-assist (e-bikes) and dock-less bike sharing schemes.

This volume reviews the state of the art on cycling from various angles. As such it explores planners’ (engineers’, policy makers’) provisions for cycling, of cyclists’ (and non-cyclists’) travel behaviour, and resulting consequences for individuals and society. One focus is on demand-side aspects, including the use of bicycles and their users including patterns and trends in cycling, determinants of cycling, and modelling of cycling. Another focus is on impacts of cycling, such as emissions, safety aspects, as well as changes during the COVID pandemic.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter One: Cycling: Past, current and future
Abstract
Chapter Two: The bicycle: Technology and culture
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Defining the bicycle
3: The single-track design
4: The self-moving principle and its consequences
5: Efficiency, speed and range of travel
6: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Three: The rise of the electrically assisted bicycle and the individual, social and environmental impacts of use
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Definitions and electric bicycle sales
3: Demographics of e-bike users and reasons for use
4: The impact of e-cycling on transport mode use, the environment and health
5: E-bike promotion schemes
6: E-bike research, current research gaps and priorities
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter Four: Street level design for cycling
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Creating priority networks with busy streets
3: Creating priority networks with residential streets
4: Conclusion
Chapter Five: Network level design for cycling
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Requirements for cycle networks
3: Data for cycle network planning
4: Guidelines for intermodal street network planning
5: Guidelines for cycle network planning
6: Academic approaches for supporting and optimizing cycle network planning
7: Strengths and weaknesses of current methods for designing cycle networks
8: Development of an integrated multi-modal approach for network level planning for cycling
9: Conclusions
References
Chapter Six: Tools and processes for practitioners
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Policy, strategy and program level development
3: Modeling and network planning
4: Design and operational appraisal
5: Scheme appraisal
6: Level of service assessment and auditing
7: Monitoring and evaluation
8: Concluding summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Seven: A global overview of cycling trends
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Data sources and methods
3: Cycling levels and trends
4: Characteristics of bicycle trips: Distance, duration, and speed
5: Demographics of cyclists: Gender and age
6: Electric bicycles (E-bikes)
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter Eight: Modeling of cycling behavior
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Bicycle modeling framework
3: Activity-travel modeling
4: Mode and route choice modeling
5: Bicycle traffic operations modeling
6: Simulation models
7: Summary and conclusions
References
Chapter Nine: Cyclists’ interactions with other road users from a safety perspective
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Interactions on road segments
3: Interactions at intersections
4: Shared space
5: Discussion
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter Ten: Cycling and socioeconomic (dis)advantage
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Socioeconomic inequalities in cycling levels
3: Spatial inequalities in the provision of cycling facilities
4: Research gaps and priorities for further research
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter Eleven: Cycling, climate change and air pollution
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Travel emissions: how do “cycling” and “cyclists” compare?
3: Mode shift: what are potential and observed emission reductions from shifting to cycling?
4: Implications for policy and planning
5: Summary conclusion
References
Chapter Twelve: Cycling during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: General mobility and cycling trends during the COVID-19 pandemic
3: Measures to promote cycling during COVID-19
4: Potential long-term changes in mobility behavior
5: Summary and outlook on mobility after COVID-19
References
Further reading

Eva Heinen

Prof. Dr. Eva Heinen is a Professor in transport at the TU Dortmund, and a Professor II at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Previously, she was full Professor at the University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), worked at the University of Cambridge in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology and Centre of Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), as well as worked at Delft University of Technology. Prior to that, she was an Assistant Professor of Infrastructure Planning and Mobility at the Department of Spatial Planning and Environment at the University of Groningen. She received her PhD in 2011 from Delft University of Technology on bicycle commuting. Before her academic career, she worked at the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Netherlands, the Netherlands Institute of Spatial Research (RPB), and the Transport Department of the Dutch Embassy in Berlin. Eva is a transport research scientist with an interest in travel behaviour change. In her research she seeks to test causal relationships and employ a variety of research methods, both quantitative and qualitative. Her research focusses on: Determinants of active travel, particularly cycling; Behavioural change; ‘Soft factors’ (such as identity and attitudes) and individual transport choices; Evaluating intervention in the built environment on travel behaviour; Variability and stability of behaviour; Transport and Health; Safety and security. Eva has experience with longitudinal data collections and analyses, natural experimental studies and international qualitative research. She has published a wide variety of papers with co-authors from all over the world in transport, public health, and urban planning journals. Her research is empirically driven and combines different fields including transport, public health and urban planning.

Affiliations and expertise

TU Dortmund University, Faculty of Spatial Planning, Department of Transport Planning & Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN) in Smart Cities

Thomas Gotschi

Dr. Thomas Götschi is an internationally recognized expert in sustainable transportation research with a focus on active transportation and related health aspects. He specializes in issues around data collection and quantitative methods. In over ten years of research he has worked on and led a diversity of projects, including developments of data collection apps and tools, innovative travel survey designs, analysis of travel behavior data, and modeling travel related impacts on carbon emissions and health. The most recent projects include Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA), a travel and health survey in over 10,000 Europeans; World Health Organization’s (WHO) online impact calculator Health Economic Assessment Tool for walking and cycling (HEAT); Mobility in Switzerland (MOBIS), an experiment on mobility pricing in over 3,000 subjects using smartphone tracking data, and E-biking in Switzerland (EBIS), a study on carbon emission reductions through ebiking. Dr. Götschi is an environmental scientist (MS) and epidemiologist (PhD) by training. He is currently affiliated with the University of Oregon, School of Planning, Public Policy and Management, and also works for the WHO, leading the tool development of HEAT.

Affiliations and expertise

School of Planning, Public Policy and Management, University of Oregon, OR, USA

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