Chapter 1. History of Forensic Imaging
- My Inspiration
- The Practical Value
- The History
- Summary
Chapter 2. Composition and Cardinal Rules
- Use-Once Camera Versus a Professional Camera System
- Composition and Cardinal Rules
- Cardinal Rules of Crime Scene Photography
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises
Chapter 3. Crime Scene Photography
- Photo Documentation Forms
- “As Found,” “As Is,” or “In Situ” Photographs
- Exterior Overall Photographs—Crime Scene
- Midrange Photographs
- Close-Up Photographs
- The Photographic Documentation of Bodies and Wounds
- Learning Objectives, Revisited
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises
Chapter 4. Basic Exposure (Nonflash) Concepts
- The Proper Exposure Triangle
- Shutter Speed as Motion Control
- Reciprocal Exposures
- The Reflective Light Meter
- “Normal” and “Non-normal” Scenes
- Tools for Determining “Proper” Exposures With Tricky Scenes
- Bracketing
- The f/16 Sunny Day Rule
- The Eye Cup Cover
- Learning Objectives, Revisited
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises
Chapter 5. Focus, Depth of Field, and Lenses
- Focus
- Depth of Field
- Lenses
- Learning Objectives, Revisited
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises (All Nonflash Shots)
Chapter 6. Electronic Flash
- Guide Numbers
- Flash Sync Speeds
- Manual Flash Mode
- The Inverse Square Law
- Automatic and Dedicated Flash Exposure Modes
- Built-In Flash Units
- Fill-In Flash
- Oblique Light, Both Flash and Nonflash (Flashlight)
- Bounce Flash
- Painting With Light3
- Learning Objectives, Revisited
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises
Chapter 7. Ultraviolet, Infrared, and Fluorescence
- The Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Ultraviolet Light
- Infrared Light on the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Visible Light Fluorescence
- Learning Objectives, Revisited
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises
Chapter 8. Photogrammetry
- Introduction to Photogrammetry
- Perspective Grid Photogrammetry
- Perspective Disc Photogrammetry
- Natural Grid Photogrammetry
- Reverse Projection Photogrammetry
- Rhino Photogrammetry
- Summary
- Discussion Questions
- Exercises
Chapter 9. Special Photography Situations
- Subchapter 9.1. Aerial and Elevated View Photography
- Subchapter 9.2. Autopsy Photography
- Subchapter 9.3. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis and Photography
- Subchapter 9.4. Drones
- Subchapter 9.5. Photographic Documentation of Shooting Incidents
- Subchapter 9.6. Surveillance Photography
- Subchapter 9.7. Underwater Photography
- Subchapter 9.8. Vehicle Crash Photography
Chapter 10. Digital Imaging Technologies
- The Cliché
- Bias and Uncertainty
- Bits, Bytes, Pixels, and Dots Exposed
- Make a Strategy for the Entire Imaging Process
- The Science of Digital Imaging Is Getting a Bit Deeper
- Joint Photographic Expert Group
- Tagged Image File
- Digital Forensics Is Like the Wild West
- Summary
Chapter 11. Digital Image Processing of Evidentiary Photography
- Introduction
- Standard Operating Procedure
- Image-Processing Guidelines
- Image-Processing Techniques and Procedures
- Summary
Chapter 12. Legal Issues Related to Photographs and Digital Images
- Criteria of Photographs and Digital Images as Evidence
- The Purpose of Crime Scene Photographs
- Photographs of Suspects and Evidence
- Legal Implications of Digital Imaging
- International Association for Identification Resolution 97-9