Creating and Restoring Wetlands
From Theory to Practice
- 2nd Edition - May 12, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Author: Christopher Craft
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 9 8 1 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 9 8 2 - 7
Creating and Restoring Wetlands: From Theory to Practice, Second Edition describes the challenges and opportunities relating to the restoration of freshwater and estuarine… Read more
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Creating and Restoring Wetlands: From Theory to Practice, Second Edition describes the challenges and opportunities relating to the restoration of freshwater and estuarine wetlands in natural, agricultural, and urban environments in the coming century. This second edition is structured by clearly defined chapters based on specific wetland types (e.g. Peatlands, Mangroves) and with a consistent and coherent organization for ease of discoverability. The table of contents is divided into four main subjects: Foundations, Restoration of Freshwater Wetlands, Restoration of Estuarine Wetlands, and From Theory to Practice, each with multiple chapters. Part 1, Foundations, contains chapters describing definitions of wetlands, ecological theory used to guide restoration, and considerations on where to implement restoration on the landscape. In Parts 2 and 3, restoration of specific freshwater (marshes, forests, peatlands) and estuarine (tidal marshes, mangroves) wetlands are described. Part 4, From Theory to Practice, contains chapters describing performance standards to gauge success of projects and case studies describing small-scale and large-scale restoration projects of various freshwater and estuarine wetlands. Each chapter contains clearly labeled sections which assist the reader to quickly and easily key in on the subject matter that they are seeking.
The approach of Creating and Restoring Wetlands is unique in that, in each chapter, it links ecological theory important to ecosystem restoration with practical techniques to undertake and implement successful wetland restoration projects, including recommendations for performance standards to gauge success as well as realistic expectations and timescales for achieving success. Each chapter ends with a summary table describing keys to ensure success for a given wetland ecosystem.
- Each chapter ends with a summary table describing keys to ensure success for a given wetland ecosystem
- Written by a single author, providing a consistent structure that is coherent, cohesive and well referenced
- Contains case studies of small- and large-scale restoration activities ensuring relevance to individuals and organizations
undergraduate and graduate students in aquatic ecology, wetlands and water resources
ecologists, soil scientists, natural resources managers and environmental engineers
ecologists, soil scientists, natural resources managers and environmental engineers
I. Introduction
1. Introduction
Introduction
Why Restore Wetlands?
Fundamental Characteristics of Wetlands
Setting Realistic Goals
Theory and Practice
Disturbance: Identifying and Ameliorating Stressors
Understanding Ecosystem Dynamics
Accelerating Restoration: Succession and Ecosystem Development
Re-establishing a Self-Supporting System
2. Definitions
Introduction
Wetland Characteristics
Definitions – Add Creation versus Restoration
Classification Systems
Legal Frameworks (Jurisdictional delineation, USA)
Wetland Ecosystem Services (More here – “blue” carbon storage)
3. Ecological Theory and Restoration
Introduction
Disturbance (Press versus Pulse – Ex. Response and Recovery to Saltwater Intrusion)
Dispersal and Colonization
Succession (Facilitation and Consumers)
Ecosystem Development
Biological Invasions
Community Susceptibility to Invasion
Life History Traits of Invaders
Role of Allelopathy
Invasive Species and Restoration
4. Consideration of the Landscape
Introduction
The Importance of Connectivity
Alluvial Wetlands (Flood pulsing, Restoring flow, Dam removal)
Geographically Isolated Wetlands
Stressors of Natural, Agricultural and Urban Landscapes
Wetland Functions and Placement on the Landscape
The Need for a Watershed Approach
Selecting and Prioritizing Sites for Restoration
II. Restoration of Freshwater Wetlands
5. Inland Marshes
Introduction
Theory
Surface Flow Marshes
Lakeshore Marshes
Wet Grasslands: A Managed System
Precipitation-fed Marshes
Vernal Pools
Playas
Groundwater Marshes
Prairie Potholes
Karst wetlands (limesinks)
Practice
Restoring Hydrology
Re-establishing Vegetation
Restoring and Recreating Soils
Amendments
Ecosystem Development
Keys to Ensure Success
6. Forested Wetlands
Introduction
Surface Flow Forests
Riparian Forests
Alluvial Forests
Bottomland Forests
Tidal Forests
Precipitation-fed Forests
Cypress Domes
Flatwoods
Forested Wetlands as Habitat
Loss of Forested Wetlands
Theory
Practice
Riparian Forests
Alluvial and Floodplain Forests
Importance of Microtopography
Amendments (Transplanting intact sods)
Ecosystem Development
Keys to Ensure Success
7. Peatlands
Introduction
Peat – Origin, Composition and Geographic Distribution
Peatland Succession
Theory
Practice
Mined Peatlands
Drained Peatlands
Rewetting of Fens
Eutrophied Peatlands: Sod Cutting, Topsoil Removal and Mowing
Ecosystem Development
Keys to Ensure Success
III. Restoration of Estuarine Wetlands
8. Tidal Marshes
Introduction
Salt- and Brackish-water Marshes
Tidal Freshwater Marshes
Tidal Marsh Loss
Theory
Practice
Restoring Hydrology
Re-establishing Vegetation
Restoring and Re-creating Soils
Amendments
Ecosystem Development
Tidal Freshwater Marshes
Keys to Ensure Success
9. Mangroves
Introduction
Ecology of Mangroves
Global Distribution and Loss through Time
Theory
Practice
Planting
Natural Colonization
Ecosystem Development
Keys to Ensure Success
IV. From Theory to Practice
10. Measuring Success: Performance Standards and Trajectories of Ecosystem Development
Introduction
Performance Standards
Reference Wetlands – A Yardstick for Comparison
Environmental Template – Hydrology and Water Chemistry
Community Structure and Ecosystem Function
Community Structure
Ecosystem Function
Trajectories of Ecosystem Development
Other Ways to Assess Success: Application of HGM
11. Case Studies
Introduction
Saline Tidal Marshes - Seventy two years of tidal marsh ecosystem development
following hydrologic restoration (Sapelo Island)
Freshwater Marshes
Peat Bogs
Forested Wetlands
Urban Wetlands
12. Restoration on a Grand Scale
Saline Tidal Marshes (Delaware Bay, USA, Restoration Following Oil Spills – Deepwater Horizon)
Freshwater Marshes (Mesopotamian Marshes Iraq), Danube River wetlands, Everglades USA)
Coastal Marshes (Yellow River Delta, China, Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana – Crevasse splays)
Mangrove Reforestation (Mekong River Delta, Vietnam)
Peatland Restoration (Canada)
V. Future of Wetland Restoration
13. Population Growth and Global Food Demand
Eutrophication
Restoration in Urban World
Climate Change
Warming
Climate Variability
CO2 Enrichment
Sea Level Rise
Wetland Restoration in the 21st Century
VI. Recommended References (Textbooks)
- Edition: 2
- Published: May 12, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
CC
Christopher Craft
Christopher Craft is the Janet Duey Professor of Rural Land Policy, O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington and University of Georgia Marine Institute, where he teaches courses in Environmental Science, Applied Ecology, Wetlands Ecology and Restoration Ecology. His introduction to wetland science began in 1983 when, as a new Ph.D. student, he began studying the ecosystem development of tidal marshes that had been created and restored along the North Carolina coast in the 1960s and 1970s. Since that time, Professor Craft has worked on restoration projects in freshwater wetlands of the Florida Everglades, Upper Klamath Lake (Oregon) and the agricultural Midwest, and in estuarine wetlands of the southeast (Sapelo Island, GA), New England and New York-New Jersey harbor. Professor Craft served as President of the Society of Wetland Scientists from 2008-2009. In 2012, he received the National Wetlands Award for Science Research, given annually by the Environmental Law Institute and six U.S. governmental agencies
Affiliations and expertise
Janet Duey Professor of Rural Land Policy, O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington and University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USARead Creating and Restoring Wetlands on ScienceDirect