Corrosion Prevention and Control in Water Treatment and Supply Systems

Part I û Guidance Manual for Corrosion ControlAcknowledgementsAcronymsFrequently Used Units and Other Terms1. Purpose2. Introduction3. Definition of Corrosion and Basic Theory Definition Basic Theory Characteristics of Water that Affect Corrosivity Biological Characteristics4. Materials Used in Distribution Systems5. Recognizing The Types of Corrosion6. Corrosion Monitoring and Treatment Indirect Methods Direct Methods7. Corrosion Control Proper Selection of System Materials and Adequate System Design Modification of Water Quality Use of Inhibitors Cathodic Protection Linings, Coatings and Paints Regulatory Concerns in the Selection of Products Used for Corrosion Control8. Case Histories Pinellas County Water System Mandarin Utilities Middlesex Water Company Small Hospital System Boston Metropolitan Area Water System Galvanized Pipe and the Effects of Copper Greenwood, South Carolina9. Costs of Corrosion Control Monitoring Costs Control CostsGlossaryAdditional Source MaterialsPart II û Review of Monitoring, Detection, Prevention and Control Techniques1. Introduction Background Objectives2. Corrosion and Water Chemistry Background General Aspects of Corrosion and Leaching in Potable Water Types of Corrosion Corrosion Indices General Corrosion Bibliography Corrosion Indices Bibliography3. Materials Used in the Water Works Industry Pipes and Piping Storage Tanks References 4. Corrosion Characteristics of Materials Used In The Water Works Industry Iron-Based Materials Corrosion of Copper in Potable Water Systems Corrosion of Lead in the Water Works Industry Corrosion of Aluminum in the Water Works Industry Asbestos-Cement Pipe Performance in the Water Works Industry Concrete Pipe Plastic Pipe References5. Corrosion Monitoring and Detection Specimen Exposure Testing Electrochemical Test Methods Chemical Analyses for Corrosion Products References6. Corrosion Prevention and Control Mechanically Applied Pipe Lining and Coatings Tank Linings and Coatings Corrosion Inhibitors Economics Case Histories References7. Considerations for Corrosion Control Regulations Reference8. Recommendations1. Introduction Information Technology The Information Age Information Expectations Managing Knowledge Judging a Company Industry Characteristics Equipment vs Type of Plant Operation Payroll Spectrum Shop Loading Data Gathering Functions and Equipment On-Line Systems Conclusion2. Apparel Computer Overview Introduction History of Computers Development of Computers in the Apparel Industry Computer Applications Payroll Personnel Accounting Research and Development Engineering Distribution Quality Control Purchasing Manufacturing Production Control Merchandising Customer Service Marketing The Computer System as a Functional Integrator Order Processing Style Adoption Computer Trends in the Apparel Industry Summary3. Organization Functions and Information Flow General Organization Functions Information Functions Tracking Data Movement Functions of Control for Profits Zones of Control Management Control Data4. Corporate Goals General Strategic Versus Operational Planning Mission Statement Corporate Philosophy Divisional Mission Statements Menswear Group, Slacks and Jeans Division, Manufacturing Operational Planning and Establishing Objectives Annual Plans-A Planning Schedule Example Planning and the Dynamics of ôChangeö Operations Planning-General Operations Planning-Establishing Objectives Objectives Summarizing Objectives5. Corporate Marketing Strategy Introduction Strategy Audits Marketing Response Competitive ôSourcingö (Manufacturing Options) ôInternalö Sourcing ôExternalö Sourcing Sourcing Summary Marketing and Sourcing Integration6. Preseason Planning (Merchandising/Line Planning) Introduction Establishing a Plan The Implications of Uncertainty Change and Flexibility Style Variations Cost More to Make Functional Emphases Shift Style Demands More Conflicts Arise Organization and Objectives7. Merchandising Planning, Forecasting and Controls Introduction Time-Phased Merchandising Plan Product Identification Product Development Product Line Sales Preparation The Need for Discipline Preseason Forecasting and Forecast Control Master Scheduling and Controls8. Materials Scheduliing and Utilization Introduction Material Standards Control Material Requirements Planning MRP System Organization Material Utilization-The Basis for Production Inventory Control9. Production Control-Initiating Cutting Introduction Preparing a Production Order Apparel Production Orders10. Production and Cut Planning Introduction Role of Production Planning Planning Markers Marker Objectives Ply HeightsManual Examples of Ply Height Calculation11. Plant Loading and Cost Control Introduction Preparing Bundle Lists Coupon Tickets Routing Sequences Work Flow Route Definition Reporting from the Plant Floor Reporting Time Reporting Production Monitoring Work Flow Production and Work-in-Process Report Interpreting Workflow Reports Conclusion12. Payroll Introduction Payroll Data Input Payroll Computations Source-to-Gross Pay Gross-to-Net Pay Data Base Files Created Payroll Journal Individual Operator Records Performance Efficiency Operator Performance Efficiency Operation Performance Efficiency Style Performance Efficiency Operator and Operation Cross Reference File Absenteeism Lateness and Absence Reports Absenteeism Analysis Off-Standard Activities and Excesses Off-Standard Activities Off-Standard Time Loss Report Fixed Time Loss Labor Costs Direct Labor Indirect Labor Statistics Labor Cost Analysis Production Status Cost of Producing Styles Assembling Direct Labor Costs by Style Cost Prorated to Styles Material Costs per Style High and Low Operator Performance Report13. Customer Service Introduction General Requirements Order Processing Order Entry Reports and Activity Customer Order Coding Finished Goods Allocation Allocation Reports and Activity Sales Accounting Invoicing Accounts Receivable and Credit Management Cash Application Conclusion14. Summary-Computer Controls General Inventory Management and Order Entry Financial System Manufacturing MRP/MPS Integrated Business System Summary Impact of Single Unit Processing on Systems Single or Low Unit Spreading Systems Single Unit Garment Sewing Cut/Sew Single Unit System Summary Planning Production Preseason Planning/Product Development Production Control Systems Setting Up the New System