Concrete Materials

1. Introduction2. Portland Cement - Types, Properties and Specifications Summary 2.1 Introduction 2.2 History of Portland Cement 2.3 Manufacture 2.4 Composition of Portland Cement Clinker 2.5 Types of Portland Cement 2.6 Blended Portland Cements 2.7 Technically Important Properties of Portland Cement - Testing and Specifications 2.8 Uniformity of Cements 2.9 Sampling 2.10 Storage of Cements3. Hydration of Portland Cement Summary 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Reactions in Early Hydration and Setting 3.3 Reactions in the Hardening Process 3.4 Mechanism of Hydration 3.5 Structure of the Cement Paste 3.6 Effect of Cement Composition on the Strength Development - Mathematical Models4. Hydraulic Cements Other Than Standard Portland Summary 4.1 Introduction 4.2 High-Alumina Cement 4.3 Expansive Cement 4.4 Special Portland Cements 4.5 Other Hydraulic Cementing Materials 4.6 Latent Hydraulic Materials 4.7 Fly Ash and Silica Fume 4.8 Selection of Cements 4.9 Future of Cements5. Water Summary 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Mixing Water 5.3 Water for Curing and Washing6. Admixtures Summary 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Classification 6.3 Air-Entraining Admixtures 6.4 Accelerating Admixtures 6.5 Water-Reducing Admixtures and Set-Controlling Admixtures 6.6 Polymers 6.7 Other Chemical Admixtures 6.8 Finely Divided Mineral Admixtures 6.9 Storage, Sampling, and Testing 6.10 Future of Admixtures7. Mineral Aggregates - General Summary 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Classification of Aggregates 7.3 Sampling of Aggregates8. Mineral Aggregates - Physical Properties Summary 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Specific Gravity and Solid Volume 8.3 Absorption, Moisture Content, and Permeability 8.4 Unit Weight, Voids Content, and Bulking 8.5 Strength, Toughness, Hardness, and Deformability 8.6 Thermal Properties 8.7 Durability and Soundness 8.8 Porosity in Aggregates 8.9 Wear and Skid Resistance9. Chemical Properties of Aggregates Summary 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Deleterious Materials 9.3 Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates 9.4 Deterioration of Aggregates by Chemical Attacks from Outside10. Geometric Properties of Aggregates Summary 10.1 Shape and Surface Texture of Particles 10.2 Particle Size 10.3 Sieves and Screens 10.4 Grading 10.5 Sieve Test 10.6 Grading Curves 10.7 Grading Representation in Triangular Diagram 10.8 Numerical Characterization of Grading 10.9 Average Particle Size of the Complete Grading11. Fineness Modulus and Specific Surface Summary 11.1 Fineness Modulus 11.2 Experimental Justification of the Fineness Modulus 11.3 Optimum Fineness Moduli 11.4 Specific Surface 11.5 Critique of the Specific Surface and Other Numerical Characteristics 11.6 Attempts to Improve Numerical Grading Characterization12. Grading Evaluation and Specification Summary 12.1 Grading Evaluation 12.2 Grading Specification in General 12.3 Specification of Maximum Particle Size 12.4 Specification of the Sand and Fine Sand Contents 12.5 Specification of the Grading Curve 12.6 Grading Specification with Limit Curves 12.7 Grading Specification on Percentage Passing-Retained Basis 12.8 Grading Specifications with Particular Conditions 12.9 Specifications with Fineness Modulus 12.10 Critical Comparison of Various Methods for Grading Evaluation13. Internal Structure of Concrete and its Optimization Summary 13.1 Aggregate Grading and the Internal Structure of Concrete 13.2 Need for Blending Aggregates 13.3 General Theory of Blending 13.4 Improvement of Grading 13.5 Blending of Two Aggregates 13.6 Graphical Methods for Blending Proportions 13.7 Graphical Method by Rothfuchs 13.8 British Method 13.9 The Triangular Method 13.10 Critical Comparison of the Methods for Blending Proportions14. Lightweight and Heavyweight Aggregates Summary 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Lightweight Aggregates 14.3 Types of Lightweight Aggregates 14.4 Possible Problems Related to Lightweight Aggregates 14.5 Requirements and Test Methods for Lightweight Aggregates 14.6 Heavyweight Aggregates 14.7 Possible Problems Related to Heavyweight Aggregates 14.8 Requirements and Test Methods for Heavyweight Aggregates15. Handling and Selection of Aggregates Summary 15.1 Aggregate Handling 15.2 Selection of Aggregates 15.3 Future of Aggregates Bibliography Index