Comprehensive Review of Infectious Diseases
- 2nd Edition - March 20, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Editors: Andrej Spec, Gerome Escota, Bethany Davies, Jane O’Halloran
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 1 8 5 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 3 9 0 - 0
With complete coverage of the most frequently encountered concepts and conditions in infectious disease, Comprehensive Review of Infectious Diseases, Second Edition, is perfec… Read more
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Request a sales quoteWith complete coverage of the most frequently encountered concepts and conditions in infectious disease, Comprehensive Review of Infectious Diseases, Second Edition, is perfect for board review or quick reference in clinical practice. This balanced, high-yield resource uses a high-yield, bulleted outline format of the entire field, with summary tables, boxes, key figures, clinical pearls, mnemonics and memory aids—exactly the information you need for exam preparation or a concise clinical review. This updated second edition has been edited and written by authors who have recently taken the boards and excelled, and who understand the challenges posed by this complex field of study and practice.
- Covers challenging areas frequently covered on the boards: clinically-relevant microbiology and ID pharmacology, HIV and antiretroviral therapy, infections in immunocompromised hosts, dermatologic manifestations of ID, infection mimics, infection control and prevention, and more
- Includes expanded information on respiratory infections, including COVID-19; new classification of fungal disease; and emerging topics such as neglected tropical diseases, bioterrorism, and emerging and re-emerging infections
- Facilitates quick review and maximum retention of information by including hundreds of high-quality illustrations, tables, high-yield boxes, and bulleted lists
- Contains coverage of all of the topics listed in core ID exam blueprints, as well as practical tips for taking the boards, an ID Memory Aid chapter with flashcards, clinical and board pearls, and more
- An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. Additional digital ancillary content may publish up to 6 weeks following the publication date
Infectious Disease
- Cover Image
- Title page
- Copyright
- List of Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction to the Board Exam
- Abbreviations
- Contents
- Section 1 High-Yield Microbiology
- 1 Bacteriology
- Definitions
- Gram Stain
- Classification of Bacteria
- Blood Cultures
- Specimens for Bacteriology Culture
- Pathogen Associations
- Gastrointestinal Infections
- Identification Methods
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Methods
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Interpretation
- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: Intrinsic Resistance (Table 1.12)
- Acquired Resistance Mechanisms
- Potential Treatment Options for Resistant Bacteria
- Antimicrobials With Poor CSF Penetration
- Antimicrobials With Anaerobic Coverage
- Aerobic Actinomycetes (Not to Be Confused With Actinomyces)
- Bacteria That Do Not Grow on Routine Culture Media (Table 1.14)
- Acid-Fast Bacilli/Mycobacteria (see Chapters 32 and 33)
- Diagnostic Methods: All Mycobacterium spp.
- Pathology Stains (Table 1.16)
- Further Reading
- 2 Mycology
- Classification of Medically Important Fungi
- Definitions
- Yeast and Yeast-Like Organisms (Table 2.1)
- Differences Among Candida spp.
- Thermally Dimorphic Molds (Table 2.2)
- Mucorales (formerly Zygomycetes)
- Hyaline Hyphomycetes (Table 2.3)
- Dematiaceous Molds (Table 2.4)
- Amphotericin-Resistant Fungi
- Diagnostic Methods
- Further Reading
- 3 Virology
- Definitions
- Useful Information About Viruses
- Principles of Clinical Virology Testing
- Respiratory Viruses
- Viral Gastroenteritis
- Arboviruses
- Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses
- Herpesviruses
- Hepatitis Viruses
- Retroviruses
- Other Viral Agents of Clinical Significance
- Further Reading
- 4 Parasitology
- Overview of Parasitology
- Protozoa Classification and Terminology
- Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa
- Blood and Tissue Protozoa
- Helminths Overview, Classification, and Terminology
- Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Cestodes (Tapeworms)
- Trematodes (Flukes)
- Identification of Parasitic Pathogens
- Specimens and Methods for Diagnosis
- Further Reading
- Section 2 Antimicrobial Agents
- 5 Antibacterials
- Antibacterial Classes and Mechanism of Action
- Cell Wall–Active Agents
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
- Antimetabolites
- Summary Tables
- 6 Antimycobacterial Agents
- Introduction
- Antimycobacterial Agents
- Bedaquiline
- Capreomycin
- Carbapenems
- Cefoxitin
- Clofazimine
- Cycloserine
- Dapsone
- Delamanid
- Ethambutol
- Ethionamide
- Further Reading and Resources
- 7 Antifungal Agents
- Antifungal Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles
- Antifungal Classes
- Polyenes
- Nucleoside Analogs
- Azoles (Imidazoles, Triazoles, and Tetrazoles)
- Triherpenoid
- Echinocandins
- Further Reading
- 8 Antivirals
- Antiviral Drugs Against the Herpesviruses (Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, and Cytomegalovirus)
- Antiviral Drugs Against the Orthopoxviruses
- Antiviral Drugs Against Influenza A and B and Other Respiratory Viruses
- Antiviral Drugs Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- Antiviral Drugs Against Hepatitis Viruses
- Further Reading
- 9 Antiparasitic Agents
- Antiparasitic Agents
- Antimalarial Drugs
- Agents for Leishmania and Trypanosoma
- Agents for Other Protozoa
- Antihelminth Agents
- Further Reading
- Section 3 Select Syndromes and Conditions by Body System or Pathogen
- 10 Fevers and Sepsis
- Fevers
- Sepsis
- Further Reading
- 11 Head and Neck Infections
- Ophthalmic Infections
- Anatomy
- Conjunctivitis
- Keratitis
- Uveitis
- Endophthalmitis
- Infections of the Head and Neck
- Parotitis
- Peritonsillar Abscess
- Ludwig Angina
- Vincent Angina
- Lemierre Syndrome
- Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
- Cervicofacial Actinomycosis
- Deep Neck Space Infections
- Osteomyelitis of the Jaw
- Further Reading
- 12 Central Nervous System Infections
- Meningitis
- Acute Bacterial Meningitis
- Acute Viral Meningitis
- Chronic Meningitis
- Neurosurgical Infections
- Other CNS Infections
- Brain Abscess
- Subdural Empyema
- Epidural Abscesses
- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
- Toxin-Mediated Infection
- Further Reading and Resources
- 13 Respiratory Infections
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Epiglottitis
- Sinusitis
- Bronchitis
- Pertussis
- Otitis Media
- Community Respiratory Viruses
- Influenza
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Parainfluenza Virus
- Adenovirus
- Human Metapneumovirus
- Coronavirus (see additional section on COVID-19)
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- Nosocomial Pneumonia
- Chronic Pneumonia
- Mycobacterial Pneumonia
- Pleural Infections
- COVID-19
- 14 Bacteremia and Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections
- Definitions
- Epidemiology
- Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection
- Gram-Positive Bloodstream Infection
- Clinical Presentation and Initial Assessment
- Treatment
- Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
- Further Reading
- 15 Cardiac and Cardiac Device Infections
- Endocarditis
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Rheumatic Fever
- Cardiac Implanted Electronic Device–Related Infections
- Infection Involving the Mediastinum
- Mechanical Circulatory Support Device–Related Infections
- Further Reading
- 16 Gastrointestinal Infections
- Gastroenteritis and Enteritis
- Risk Factors for Gastroenteritis
- Viral Gastroenteritis
- Specific Causes of Viral Gastroenteritis
- Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections
- Specific Causes of Bacterial Gastroenteritis
- Freshwater Pathogens
- Parasitic Causes of Diarrhea
- Toxin-Mediated Gastroenteritis
- Specific Causes of Toxin-Mediated Disease
- Further Reading and Resources
- 17 Peritonitis, Intraabdominal Abscess, Hepatobiliary Infections, Splenic Infections
- Definitions
- Peritonitis
- Intraabdominal Abscesses
- Hepatobiliary Infection
- Pancreatitis
- Splenic Infection
- Further Reading
- 18 Obstetric and Gynecologic Infections
- Lower Genital Tract Infections
- Female Pelvic Infections
- Infections Related to Pregnancy
- Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy
- Postpartum and Postsurgical Infection
- Mastitis
- Postabortion Infections
- Further Reading
- 19 Genitourinary Tract Infection
- Definitions and Terminology
- Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis
- Renal Abscess
- Epididymitis, Orchitis, Prostatic Infection
- Further Reading
- 20 Infections of Pregnancy
- Complications of Infection in Pregnancy: Overview
- Coxiella burnetii
- Listeriosis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Syphilis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease)
- Measles
- Parvovirus B19
- Rubella
- Zika
- Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Hepatitis B
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Other Infections in Pregnancy with Adverse Maternal Outcome
- Further Reading and Resources
- 21 Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Definitions
- Approach to the Sexual History
- Inflammatory Infections
- Genital Ulcers
- Human Papillomavirus
- Other Pathogens That May Be Sexually Transmitted
- Further Reading and Resources
- 22 Hepatitis Viruses
- Clinical Presentation of Hepatitis
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Other Hepatitis Viruses
- Coinfections
- Alternative Infection-Related Causes of Hepatitis
- Further Reading and Resources
- 23 Viral Exanthems and Vaccine-Preventable Illnesses
- Introduction
- Parvovirus B19
- Enterovirus
- Measles
- Rubella
- Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7
- Epstein–Barr Virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Smallpox
- Mpox
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
- Dengue
- Chikungunya
- Zika
- Mumps
- Polio
- Further Reading
- 24 Disease Due to Spirochetes, Excluding Syphilis
- Spirochetes
- Endemic Treponematoses
- Leptospirosis
- Relapsing Fevers
- Lyme Borreliosis (Lyme Disease)
- Chronic Lyme Disease
- Further Reading
- 25 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Toxin-Mediated Diseases
- General Principles
- Major Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Encountered in Unique Clinical Situations (Table 25.2)
- Other Organism-Specific Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR ORGANISM-SPECIFIC SSTI BASED ON SKIN LESION CHARACTERISTICS (TABLE 25.3)
- Toxin-Mediated Diseases
- Further Reading
- 26 Bone and Joint Infections
- Nonvertebral Osteomyelitis
- Microbiology
- Risk Factors
- Pathophysiology
- Signs and Symptoms
- Investigations
- Differential Diagnoses
- Treatment
- Vertebral Osteomyelitis
- Further Reading
- 27 Infections Caused by Yeasts and Yeast-Like Fungi
- Candidiasis
- Cryptococcosis
- Pneumocystis
- Other Yeasts
- Further Reading
- 28 Infections Due to Dimorphic Molds
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Talaromycosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Emergomycosis
- Lobomycosis
- Acknowledgments
- Further Reading
- 29 Infections Due to Monomorphic Molds
- Microbiology
- Invasive Pulmonary Mycoses
- Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Ocular Disease
- Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
- Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
- Central Nervous System Infection
- Dermatophytosis
- Other Cutaneous Mold Infection
- Further Reading
- 30 Arthropod-Borne Diseases
- Major Arthropod-Borne Diseases in the United States
- Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
- Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
- Babesiosis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Rickettsialpox
- Spotted Fever Associated With Rickettsia parkeri
- Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness
- Tick Paralysis
- Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
- Trench Fever
- Typhus Fevers
- Major Arthropod-Borne Diseases in the United States Transmitted by Mosquitoes (Table 30.4)
- Arthropod-Borne Illnesses Acquired Abroad
- Chagas Disease
- African Sleeping Sickness
- Oroya Fever
- African Tick Bite Fever
- Other Travel-Related Vector-Borne Spotted Fevers
- Further Reading
- 31 Infections Associated With Animal Exposure
- Tularemia
- Bartonellosis
- Brucellosis
- Q Fever
- Leptospirosis
- Other Important Infections Associated With Animal Exposure
- 32 Tuberculosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Natural History
- TB Infection
- TB Disease: Clinical Syndromes
- TB Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Further Reading
- 33 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections and Leprosy
- Introduction
- Other Clinically Relevant Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Species
- Further Reading
- 34 Protozoa
- Blood and Tissue Protozoa
- Intestinal Protozoa
- Intestinal Pathogens: Summary
- Free-Living Amoeba
- 35 Helminths
- Soil-Transmitted Helminths
- Other Nematode Roundworms
- Tissue Nematodes
- Other Important Tissue Nematodes
- Trematode Flatworms
- Foodborne Trematodes (Fluke Infections)
- Lung Fluke: Paragonimiasis spp.
- Cestodes
- Key Features: Summary (see Table 35.1)
- Further Reading
- Section 4 Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
- 36 Natural History of HIV
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Transmission
- Early HIV Infection and Acute Retroviral Syndrome
- Long-Term Nonprogressors and Elite Controllers
- Diagnostics
- Prevention
- Further Reading
- 37 Non-infectious Complications of HIV
- Neurologic Complications
- Dermatologic Manifestations
- HIV-Associated Endocrinopathies and Metabolic Complications
- Bone and Calcium Disorders
- Pancreatic Dysfunction
- HIV Lipodystrophy
- Weight Gain and Obesity in People Living With HIV
- Hematologic Abnormalities
- Kidney Disease in People Living With HIV
- Cardiovascular Complications
- Pulmonary Complications
- Gastrointestinal Manifestations
- HIV-Associated Malignancies
- Summary of Common HIV-Associated Conditions
- Further Reading
- 38 Antiretroviral Therapy
- Antiretroviral Agents
- What, When, and Why of Antiretroviral Therapy
- Antiretroviral Resistance
- Drug–Drug Interactions
- Special Considerations
- 39 Opportunistic Infections in HIV
- Definitions
- Epidemiology
- Diagnostic Approach
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Overview of Key Opportunistic Infections
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
- Further Reading
- 40 Infections in Patients With Cancer and Immunosuppressive Therapy
- Introduction
- Febrile Neutropenia
- Neutropenic Colitis
- Pneumonia
- Invasive Mold Infections (see Chapter 29)
- Unique Infection Risks in Patients With Malignancies
- Anatomic and Functional Asplenia
- Infections Associated With Conventional Chemotherapy Agents
- Infections Associated With Immunosuppressants
- Further Reading
- 41 Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
- Introduction
- Risk Assessment for Infectious Disease
- Donor and Recipient Screening
- Vaccinations
- Timely Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Complications
- Further Reading
- 42 Infections in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients
- Overview of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Infections in Each Posttransplant Period
- Selected Noninfectious Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Clinical Syndromes After Transplant
- Further Reading
- 43 Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Classification
- Epidemiology
- Overview of Inborn Errors of Immunity by Category
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
- Combined Immunodeficiencies
- Agammaglobulinemia
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency
- Specific Antibody Deficiency
- Selective IgA Deficiency
- Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
- Thymoma With Immunodeficiency (Good syndrome)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy
- STAT3 Gain of Function
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- GATA2 deficiency syndrome
- Warning Symptoms and Signs of Inborn Errors of Immunity
- Diagnostic Testing
- Conclusions
- Further Reading
- Section 5 Specialty Topics
- 44 Infection Prevention and Control
- Definitions
- Infection Prevention and Control
- Healthcare-Associated Infections
- Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections
- Outbreak Investigation
- Antimicrobial Stewardship
- Environmental Risk
- Employee Health
- Further Reading
- 45 Adult Immunization
- Definitions
- Vaccines Used in Adults
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin Immunization Against Tuberculosis
- Haemophilus influenzae Type b Immunization
- Hepatitis A Virus Immunization
- Hepatitis B Virus Immunization
- Varicella-Zoster Immunization: Chickenpox
- Varicella Zoster Immunization: Shingles
- Human Papillomavirus Immunization
- Influenza Immunization
- Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis, and Inactivated Polio Immunization
- Tetanus
- Diphtheria
- Pertussis
- Polio
- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Immunization
- Meningococcal Immunization
- Orthopoxvirus Immunization
- Pneumococcal Immunization
- SARS-CoV 2 Immunization
- Immunization Recommendations Summary
- Further Reading
- 46 General Principles of Travel Medicine
- Pretravel Consultation
- Travelers With Special Health Needs
- Post-Travel Evaluation
- Further Reading
- 47 Bioterrorism
- Background
- Syndromic Awareness
- Categorization of Biological Agents
- Category A Organisms
- Category B Organisms
- Further Reading
- 48 Syndromes That Mimic Infectious Diseases
- Introduction
- Fever as the Principal Feature
- Vasculitis
- Neoplastic Disorders
- Autoinflammatory Diseases/Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes
- Fever and Rash
- Fever, Muscular Rigidity, Mental Status Change
- Fever and Cytopenia
- Pneumonia Mimics
- Lymphadenopathy
- Gastrointestinal Syndromes
- Cellulitis Mimics
- Osteomyelitis Mimics
- Other ID Mimics
- Further Reading
- 49 High-Yield Biostatistics
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Common Study Designs in Infectious Diseases
- Types of Statistical Tests for Independent Samples
- Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests
- Further Reading
- 50 Commonly Encountered Skin Manifestations in Infectious Disease
- Bacterial Skin Diseases
- Mycobacterial Skin Diseases
- Fungal Skin Diseases
- Dimorphic Mycoses (see Chapter 28)
- Viral Skin Diseases
- Associated With HIV/AIDS (see Chapters 37 and 39)
- Parasitic Skin Diseases
- Cutaneous Helminthiasis
- Infestations
- Summary of Cutaneous Manifestations of Infection
- Further Reading
- 51 ID Memory Aids
- Index
- Edition: 2
- Published: March 20, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323881852
- eBook ISBN: 9780323883900
AS
Andrej Spec
Andrej Spec is Assistant Professor, Infectious Disease, Section Chief, Transplant Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Infectious Disease, Section Chief, Transplant Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USAGE
Gerome Escota
Affiliations and expertise
Infectious Disease Physician, Department of Internal Medicine–Infectious Disease, Park Nicollet Clinic and Specialty Center, St. Louis Park, MN, USABD
Bethany Davies
Bethany Davies is Associate Professor, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UKJO
Jane O’Halloran
Jane O’Halloran is UCD Professor of Infectious Diseases, UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Affiliations and expertise
UCD Professor of Infectious Diseases, UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland