Comparative Biochemistry V3

Contributors to Volume III

Preface

Contents of Volumes I, II, IV

Phylogenetic Charts


1. The Comparative Aspects of Fatty Acid Occurrence and Distribution

I. Introduction

II. The Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids and Lipids

III. Formation of Fatty Acids and Lipids in the Living Organism

IV. Relationships between Types and Distribution of Fatty Acids and Their Biological Origin

V. Fatty Acid Composition and Mode of Combination

VI. Variations in Types and Distribution of Fatty Acids in Different Parts of the Organism

VII. Theory of Evolution and Fatty Acid Composition

References


2. Sterols: Their Structure and Distribution

I. Introduction

II. The Sterols

III. Sterols of Bacteria and Protozoa

IV. Sterols of Sponges

V. Sterols of Coelenterates

VI. Sterols of Ctenophores to Annelids

VII. Sterols of Arthropods

VIII. Sterols of Mollusks

IX. Sterols of Echinoderms

X. Sterols of Chordates

XI. Conclusions

References


3. Lipids: Steroid Metabolism

I. The Biosynthesis of Steroids

II. The Metabolism of Steroids

References


4. Bile Salts: Structure, Distribution, and Possible Biological Significance as a Species Character

I. Structure

II. Distribution

III. Bile Salts as a Species Character

References


5. Distribution of Phospholipids

I. Introduction

II. Structure of the Glycerophosphatides

III. Structure of the Sphingophosphatides

IV. The Distribution of Phospholipids in Animal Tissues

V. The Distribution of Phospholipids in Plants

VI. The Phospholipids of Bacteria

References


6. The Metabolism of Phospholipids

I. The Biochemistry of Phospholipid Synthesis

II. Enzyme Systems That Degrade Phospholipids

III. The Pathways of Phospholipid Metabolism In Vivo

References


7. Natural Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides: Their Structures and Occurrence

I. The Monosaccharides

II. Intersugar Glycosidic Compounds: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides

III. Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids

IV. Aminodeoxy Monosaccharides, "Amino Sugars"

V. Occurrence of Some Commoner Monosaccharides, Free and in Glycosidic Combination

VI. The Occurrence of Oligosaccharides

VII. Chromatographic Examinations of Biological Materials for Free Sugars

References


8. Polysaccharidases

I. Introduction

II. The Enzymes of Glycogen and Starch Degradation

III. Dextranase

IV. Cellulases

V. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Other Polyglucosans

VI. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Mannans and Mannogalactans

VII. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Fructans

VIII. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Pentosans (Xylanase)

IX. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Polyuronides

X. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Pneumococcal Polysaccharides

XI. Mucopolysaccharases

XII. General Discussion

References


9. Saccharides: Alternate Routes of Metabolism

I. The Pentose Cycle

II. The Glucuronate Pathway

III. Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Degradation of Glucose

IV. The Entner-Doudoroff Scheme

V. Comparative Studies

VI. Direct Oxidations of Glucose and Polyols

References


10. Terpenoids: Structure and Distribution

I. Scheme of Terpenoid Structure

II. Structure and Distribution of Terpenoids

References


11. Terpenoids: Metabolism

I. The "'Isoprene Rule'" and Chemism of Terpenoid Biosynthesis

II. Ring Closures and Rearrangements

III. Biochemical Oxidations and Hydrogenations

IV. Chemotaxonomy

References


12. Quinones: Structure and Distribution

I. Introduction

II. Distribution of Quinones in Nature

III. Biogenesis of Quinones

References


13. Melanins

I. Introduction

II. The Initial Stages of Melanogenesis

III. The Natural Distribution of Melanins

IV. The Structure of Melanins

References


14. Flavonoid Compounds

I. Survey of Naturally Occurring Compounds and Their Biosynthesis

II. The Distribution of Flavonoid Components

III. Metabolism and Function of Flavonoid Compounds

References

Author Index

Subject Index