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Commentaries in the Neurosciences
- 1st Edition - April 24, 2014
- Editors: A. D. Smith, R. Llinás, P. G. Kostyuk
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 8 7 3 - 1
Commentaries in the Neurosciences is a compilation of the commentaries segment featured in the Neuroscience journal. This book, however, does not provide a comprehensive account of… Read more
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Request a sales quoteCommentaries in the Neurosciences is a compilation of the commentaries segment featured in the Neuroscience journal. This book, however, does not provide a comprehensive account of all fields in neuroscience, but rather articles that highlight developments during the past years. The topics covered include chemistry and dynamics of neurotransmitter storage particles; release of central and peripheral neurotransmitters; and transmitters in the enteric nervous system. This book also discusses the properties of neuroreceptors; chemistry and connections of the cerebral cortex; and intracellular recording and ionic transmembrane currents. This text explains as well the invertebrate nervous systems; functions of the nervous system including neuro- and psychopharmacology; and the mind-body problem. This book will be of use not only to research workers interested in keeping updated with developments in different areas of the neurosciences, but also to advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are studying the nervous system.
PREFACE
CHEMISTRY AND DYNAMICS OF NEUROTRANSMITTER STORAGE PARTICLES
Chapter 1: SYNAPTOSOMES AND CELL SEPARATION
Publisher Summary
PREPARATION OF SYNAPTOSOMES
SEPARATION OF NEURONS FROM GLIA
CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 2: THE COMPOSITION OF ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN GRANULES: AN ASSESSMENT OF CONTROVERSIAL RESULTS
Publisher Summary
ISOLATION OF CHROMAFFIN GRANULES
COMPOSITION OF ISOLATED CHROMAFFIN GRANULES
THE PROTEINS OF CHROMAFFIN GRANULES
THE LIPIDS OF CHROMAFFIN GRANULES
CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 3: THE BIOGENESIS OF ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN GRANULES
Publisher Summary
BIOGENESIS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPONENTS
BIOGENESIS AND UPTAKE OF SMALL MOLECULES
CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements—
Chapter 4: ON THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF LARGE DENSE CORED VESICLES IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES
Publisher Summary
Preparation of sympathetic large nerve vesicles
Comments on the isolation procedure
Proteins
Lipids
Noradrenaline
Adenosine triphosphate
Development during axonal transport
Noradrenaline storage in the large nerve vesicles
Morphology
The functional role of the large nerve vesicles
SUMMARY
Acknowledgements
Chapter 5: THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF SECRETORY PACKAGES, ESPECIALLY SYNAPTIC VESICLES
Publisher Summary
BACKGROUND:STUDIES ON GLAND CELLS AND SOME OTHER SYSTEMS
THE STORAGE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
VESICLE CYCLING’ IN PRESYNAPTIC AXON TERMINALS
DEGRADATION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES
THE ORIGINS OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES
AMBIGUITIES:THE AXONAL AGRANULAR RETICULUM AND RETROGRADE TRANSPORT
Acknowledgements
Chapter 6: VESICLE RECYCLING AND TRANSMITTER RELEASE
Publisher Summary
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPT
CONSEQUENCES OF THE VESICLE HYPOTHESIS
VESICLE RECYCLING ESTABLISHED BY FINE-STRUCTURAL METHODS
RELATION OF RELEASED TRANSMITTER TO VESICLE-BOUND TRANSMITTER
VESICLE HETEROGENEITY REVEALED BY DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION STUDIES
APPLICATION OF FALSE TRANSMITTERS
RELATION OF VESICLE RECYCLING AND RELOADING TO TURNOVER OF TRANSMITTER
THE POSTULATE OF STOICHIOMETRIC RELEASE
RECYCLING OF VESICLE MEMBRANE
QUANTUM HYPOTHESIS AND VESICLE HYPOTHESIS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 7: CONTRACTILE PROTEINS IN TISSUES ORIGINATING IN THE NEURAL CREST
Publisher Summary
ACTOMYOSIN
MYOSIN
ACTIN
REGULATORY PROTEINS
THE POSSIBLE ROLES OF CONTRACTILE PROTEINS
FINAL REMARKS
RELEASE OF CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Chapter 8: DO SOME NERVE CELLS RELEASE MORE THAN ONE TRANSMITTER?
Abstract
EARLY STUDIES
ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES
DIFFERENTIAL LOCALIZATION
EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS
DEFINITION OF A NEUROTRANSMITTER
EXPERIMENTAL DIFFICULTIES
CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements
Chapter 9: CRITERIA FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CENTRAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO STUDIES WITH SOME NERVE TISSUE PREPARATIONS IN VITRO
Publisher Summary
TRANSMITTERS et al.
CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING CENTRAL TRANSMITTERS
CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUE SLICES AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSMITTERS
Acknowledgements
Chapter 10: THE UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF PUTATIVE AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Publisher Summary
UPTAKE OF AMINO ACIDS
RELEASE OF AMINO ACIDS
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgements
Chapter 11: Na+–K+-ACTIVATED ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATASE AS A TRIGGER IN TRANSMITTER RELEASE
Publisher Summary
INHIBITION OF Na+–K+ -ACTIVATED ADENOSINE 5′-TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND THE RELEASE OF TRANSMITTERS
STIMULATION OF Na+-K+-ACTIVATED ADENOSINE 5′-TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND INHIBITION OF TRANSMITTER RELEASE
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 12: FACILITATION AND RECEPTOR-MEDIATED REGULATION OF NORADRENALINE SECRETION BY CONTROL OF RECRUITMENT OF VARICOSITIES AS WELL AS BY CONTROL OF ELECTRO-SECRETORY COUPLING
Publisher Summary
PROPOSED METHODS FOR ANALYZING THE LEVELS OF ACTION OF MODULATORS
ANALYSIS OF MODES OF ACTION OF α-ADRENOCEPTOR MEDIATED AUTOINHIBITION
ANALYSIS OF MODES OF ACTION OF FACILITATION BY REPETITIVE STIMULI
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgements—
TRANSMITTERS IN THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 13: TYPES OF NERVES IN THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Abstract
THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ENTERIC NERVE PLEXUSES
TYPES OF NERVE IN THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements
NEURORECEPTORS
Chapter 14: THE LABELLING AND ISOLATION OF NEURORECEPTORS
Publisher Summary
RECEPTORS
RECEPTOR LABELLING
CATECHOLAMINE RECEPTORS
NICOTINIC RECEPTORS IN ELECTROPLAX
NICOTINIC RECEPTORS IN STRIATED MUSCLE
NICOTINIC RECEPTORS IN BRAIN
MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS IN SMOOTH MUSCLE
MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS IN BRAIN
CONCLUSION
Chapter 15: THE EFFECTS OF INNERVATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS IN MUSCLE
Publisher Summary
RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION IN NORMALLY INNERVATED MUSCLE
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS IN MUSCLE CELLS IN CULTURE
CONTROL OF ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR NUMBER IN MUSCLES
EFFECTS OF INNERVATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF RECEPTORS
A MODEL FOR RECEPTOR LOCALIZATION
EFFECTS OF COLCHICINE
GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements
CHEMISTRY AND CONNECTIONS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
Chapter 16: PATTERNS OF SUBCORTICO-CORTICAL PROJECTIONS AS REVEALED BY SOMATOPETAL HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE TRACING
Abstract
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
PATTERNS OF PROJECTIONS TO THE CORTEX
DISCUSSION
Acknowledgements—
Chapter 17: THE MONOAMINE INNERVATION OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX: SYNAPTIC AND NONSYNAPTIC AXON TERMINALS
Publisher Summary
PREMISES
RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION
INTRACORTICAL DISTRIBUTION
ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS
Acknowledgements
Chapter 18: DISTRIBUTION OF PUTATIVE NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE NEOCORTEX
Publisher Summary
ACETYLCHOLINE
AMINO ACIDS
AMINES
PUTATIVE PEPTIDE TRANSMITTERS
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgements
INTRACELLULAR RECORDING AND IONIC TRANSMEMBRANE CURRENTS
Chapter 19: NEW MICROELECTRODE TECHNIQUES FOR INTRACELLULAR WORK IN SMALL CELLS
Abstract
A MICROPIPETTE PULLER FOR FORMING ULTRAFINE TIPS WITH SHORT TAPERS
AN ULTRAFINE DUAL CHANNEL MICROPIPETTE ELECTRODE
A HIGH-SPEED STEPPING HYDRAULIC MICRODRIVE
TESTING OF INTRACELLULAR RECORDING TECHNIQUES IN SMALL CELLS
DISCUSSION
Acknowledgements
Chapter 20: INACTIVATION OF THE SODIUM GATING CURRENT
Publisher Summary
EFFECT OF A DEPOLARIZING PREPULSE. FAST INACTIVATION
EFFECT OF INACTIVATION ON THE OFF-RESPONSE
‘INACTIVATING’ AND ‘NONINACTIVATING’ COMPONENTS OF THE GATING CURRENT
SLOW INACTIVATION OF THE GATING CURRENT
PHYSICAL MODEL FOR SODIUM CHANNELS INACTIVATION
Chapter 21: CALCIUM IONIC CHANNELS IN ELECTRICALLY EXCITABLE MEMBRANE
Publisher Summary
PROBLEM OF THE SEPARATION OF CALCIUM TRANSMEMBRANE CURRENTS IN NERVE CELL MEMBRANE
PROPERTIES OF AN OPEN CALCIUM CHANNEL
POSSIBLE MODIFICATIONS OF CALCIUM CHANNELS
ACTIVATION AND INACTIVATION KINETICS OF CALCIUM CHANNELS
GATING MECHANISM OF CALCIUM CHANNELS
Asymmetric displacement currents
NOISE IN CALCIUM CHANNELS
CALCIUM CHANNELS IN OTHER NEURONAL MEMBRANES
FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF CALCIUM IONIC CHANNELS
INVERTEBRATE NERVOUS SYSTEMS
Chapter 22: IDENTIFIED AMINE-CONTAINING NEURONES AND THEIR SYNAPTIC CONNEXIONS
Publisher Summary
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTS ON IDENTIFIED SEROTONIN-CONTAINING NEURONES AND THEIR FOLLOWER NEURONES
EXPERIMENTS ON IDENTIFIED DOPAMINE-CONTAINING NEURONES AND THEIR FOLLOWER NEURONES
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 23: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DOPAMINE AND DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Publisher Summary
INTRODUCTION
BRAIN DOPAMINE AND THE NEUROPATHOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR
NEUROANATOMICAL SUBSTRATES OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDER
BRAIN DOPAMINE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
CONCLUSION
Chapter 24: THE STRIATUM AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA: A COMMENTARY ON THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
Publisher Summary
INTRODUCTION: THE RELEVANCE OF STUDYING STRIATAL AND NIGRAL RELATIONSHIPS
MORPHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
NATURE OF THE NIGROSTRIATAL AND STRIATONIGRAL PATHWAYS
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY AND MICROPHYSIOLOGY OF SUBSTANTIA NIGRA AND STRIATUM
FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NIGROSTRIATAL DOPAMINERGIC PATHWAY AND REGULATION BY NIGRAL TRANSMITTERS
CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Acknowledgements—
Chapter 25: A PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL REORGANIZATION OF THE BASAL GANGLIA AND TELENCEPHALON
Abstract
THE PROPOSED REORGANIZATION
LIMITATIONS OF THE NEW SCHEME
IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRESENT REORGANIZATION
Acknowledgements
Chapter 26: TURNING BEHAVIOUR IN ANIMALS
Publisher Summary
TERMINOLOGY
CENTRAL SITES EVOKING CIRCLING BEHAVIOUR
DOPAMINE AND TURNING
Chapter 27: THE CENTRAL NEUROLOGY OF MAMMALIAN THERMOREGULATION
Publisher Summary
THE INTERPRETATION OF DISTURBANCE/RESPONSE ANALYSES
SYNAPTIC INTERFERENCE STUDIES
THE SIMILARITY OF NEURONAL MODELS DERIVED FROM DISTURBANCE/RESPONSE RELATIONS AND SYNAPTIC INTERFERENCE STUDIES
THE DOUBTS AND THE PERPLEXITIES
FEEDFORWARD AND FEEDBACK: THE COMPLETION OF A REGULATORY PROCESS
CONCLUDING SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
Acknowledgements
Chapter 28: THE BRAIN RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM: A RE-EVALUATION
Publisher Summary
RENIN/ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN BRAIN
CENTRAL ACTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN II
THE COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED BRAIN RENIN/ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 29: THE EFFECTS OF VASOPRESSIN ON MEMORY PROCESSES: THE ROLE OF NORADRENERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION
Publisher Summary
THE EFFECTS OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY NEUROPEPTIDES ON LEARNING AND MEMORY PROCESSES
CHANGES IN BRAIN CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM FOLLOWING VASOPRESSIN TREATMENT
THE ROLE OF THE COERULEO-TELENCEPHALIC NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM: LESION STUDIES WITH NEUROTOXIC COMPOUNDS
NORADRENERGIC TERMINALS VERSUS CELL BODIES
PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 30: THE VENTRAL SURFACE OF THE BRAIN STEM: A SCARCELY EXPLORED REGION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY
Publisher Summary
BLOOD PRESSURE EFFECTS
VASOPRESSIN RELEASE
HYPERGLYCAEMIA
ANALGESIA
INSTEAD OF A SUMMARY
Chapter 31: EXTENDED ROLES IN THE BRAIN FOR SECOND-MESSENGER SYSTEMS
Publisher Summary
SECOND MESSENGERS AND CELL-FIRING PATTERNS
POINTS OF CONNECTION WITH MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL PHENOMENA
Sensory input and initial processing
Subsequent processing and retention
CONTROL AND MODIFICATION OF MESSENGER-SYSTEM COMPONENTS
CONCLUDING COMMENT
Acknowledgements
Chapter 32: TRANSPORT FUNCTION OF HYPOTHALAMIC TANYCYTE EPENDYMA: HOW GOOD IS THE EVIDENCE?
Publisher Summary
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF THE MEDIAN EMINENCE
ALLEGED SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)
THE TRANSPORT HYPOTHESIS
CONCLUSION
Chapter 33: ROLE OF CAROTID BODY CATECHOLAMINES IN CHEMORECEPTOR FUNCTION
Publisher Summary
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES
EVIDENCE FOR RELEASE OF CAROTID BODY CATECHOLAMINES
NEURAL MECHANISM FOR DEPLETION OF CAROTID BODY CATECHOLAMINES BY HYPOXIA
DOPAMINE AND NORADRENALINE CONTENT OF CAT AND RAT CAROTID BODY
NEW MEASUREMENTS OF DOPAMINE AND NORADRENALINE IN THE CAT CAROTID BODY
EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA ON TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE AND DOPAMINE β-HYDROXYLASE IN THE CAROTID BODY
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements
DRUGS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 34: BENZODIAZEPINES—THE OPIUM OF THE MASSES?
Publisher Summary
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
EXTENT OF USAGE
EXTENT OF ANXIETY
TRANQUILLIZERS AND ANXIETY
DEPENDENCE
SOME IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 35: DRUG-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL LIPIDOSIS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Publisher Summary
GENERALIZED LIPIDOSIS INDUCED BY AMPHIPHILIC CATIONIC DRUGS
BASIC FEATURES OF NEURONS AFFECTED BY DRUG-INDUCED LIPIDOSIS
GLIAL CELLS
DISTRIBUTION OF LIPIDOSIS THROUGHOUT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
ALTERATIONS IN SELECTED NEURONAL SYSTEMS
POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF AXONAL ALTERATIONS
FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS
DRUG-INDUCED LIPIDOSIS AS AN EXPERIMENTAL TOOL
THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM
Chapter 36: EMERGENCE AND THE MIND
Abstract
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
RESULTANTS, EMERGENTS AND LEVELS
MONISM AND DUALISM IN THE MATTER OF MIND
EMERGENTIST PSYCHONEURAL MONISM
CONCLUSION: PSYCHONEURAL MONISM CUM OVERALL PLURALISM
Acknowledgements
Chapter 37: SELVES AND BRAINS
Abstract
INTERACTIONISM REVIVED
‘EMERGENTIST MATERIALISM’
A THIRD OPTION?
TWO KINDS OF ‘DETERMINATION’
EFFECTIVE AGENCY
RELATION TO OTHER VIEWS
WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT CONSCIOUSNESS?
IS THERE PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR INTERACTIONISM?
CONCLUSION
Chapter 38: MIND-BRAIN INTERACTION: MENTALISM, YES; DUALISM, NO
Abstract
THE NEW INTERACTIONISM
GROWING SCIENTIFIC ACCEPTANCE
HOW MANY NEW MIND-BRAIN SOLUTIONS?
DETERMINISM VERSUS INDETERMINISM
IS CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE CAUSAL—OR ONLY ITS NEURAL CORRELATES?
EMERGENT DETERMINISM
MONISM VERSUS DUALISM
MENTALISM VERSUS MATERIALISM
Acknowledgements
INDEX
- No. of pages: 678
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: April 24, 2014
- Imprint: Pergamon
- eBook ISBN: 9781483148731
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