Coal Structure

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments


1 Introduction

Text


2 Coal Macerals

I. Introduction—Origin of Coal and Coal Macerals

II. Methods of Petrographic Analysis

III. Coal Types, Lithotypes, and Seam Profile

IV. Optical Properties of Macerals

V. Variations in Physical and Chemical Properties of Macerals

VI. Fluorescence Microscopy

VII. Petrographic Analysis by Thin-Section Techniques

VIII. Variations in Physical and Chemical Properties of Macerals and Their Practical Implication

References


3 Coal Porosity

I. Introduction

II. Densities

III. Surface Area

IV. Pore Size Distribution

References


4 Aromaticity in Coal

I. Introduction

II. Aromaticity

III. Aromaticity and Chemistry

IV. Aromaticity and Bulk Properties; Densities and Related Parameters

V. Aromaticity as Inferred from X-Ray Diffraction

VI. Optical Properties and Infrared Spectroscopy

VII. Coal as a Polymer

VIII. Aromaticity and Electron Spin Resonance

IX. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

X. Summary

References


5 Functional Groups and Heteroatoms in Coal

I. Introduction

II. Total Oxygen, Sulfur, and Nitrogen in Coal

III. Methods of Investigation for Oxygen Functional Groups in Coal

IV. Methods of Investigation for Sulfur Functional Groups in Coal

V. Nitrogen Functional Groups in Coal

VI. Transformation of Sulfur Groups and Incorporation of Sulfur during Coalification

VII. Summary: Correlations among Heteroatoms in Coal

VIII. Transformations of Heterofunctionalities during Coal Processing

References


6 The Macromolecular Structure of Coals

I. Introduction

II. Historical-Structural Models

III. Network Properties

References


7 Mineral Matter in Coal

I. Introduction

II. Determination of Mineral Matter Abundance

III. Classification of Coal Minerals

IV. Minerals in Coal

V. Systematic Associations of Coal Minerals

VI. Coal Utilization

VII. Comminution and Abrasiveness of Coal

References

Index