Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

5th Edition - August 30, 2024
Editors: Joy Higgs, Gail M. Jensen, Stephen Loftus, Franziska V. Trede, Sandra Grace
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 1 0 9 7 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 1 1 6 5 - 5

Clinical reasoning is the complex thinking and decision-making used to come to a diagnosis and management plan. It’s a core competency of clinical practice – but because it… Read more

Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

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Clinical reasoning is the complex thinking and decision-making used to come to a diagnosis and management plan. It’s a core competency of clinical practice – but because it involves many elements and unconscious processes, it’s both difficult to learn and teach.

Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions provides the concepts and frameworks healthcare professionals need to be able to reason effectively, make sound and defensible clinical decisions, and learn from experience as they develop from student to practitioner.

Edited by leading experts in the field from Australia and the US, this fifth edition presents the latest understandings and evidence around clinical reasoning in clinical practice, and how can it be taught and assessed. It’s ideal for both undergraduate and post-graduate health students as well as academic and clinical health educators.

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contributors

PART 1
The Future of Healthcare: The Big
Picture of Clinical Decision Making

1 THE FUTURE OF HEALTHCARE

2 CONTEXTS OF CLINICAL REASONING:
NAVIGATING A WORLD OF
INCREASING COMPLEXITY
PART 2
Understanding Clinical Reasoning

3 CLINICAL REASONING: CHALLENGES
OF INTERPRETATION AND PRACTICE
IN THE CURRENT ERA

4 RE-INTERPRETING CLINICAL
REASONING: A MODEL OF
ENCULTURED DECISION-MAKING
PRACTICE CAPABILITIES

5 MULTIPLE SPACES OF ENGAGEMENT
AND INFLUENCE IN CLINICAL
DECISION MAKING

6 A CRITICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES
MODEL FOR PRACTICE

7 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL
REASONING EXPERTISE

8 THE LANGUAGE OF CLINICAL
REASONING

9 EXPERTISE AND CLINICAL
REASONING

10 EMPOWERMENT AND CLINICAL
REASONING
PART 3
The Context of Emerging Clinical
Reasoning

11 CHANGING DEMOGRAPHIC AND
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF
POPULATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR
HEALTHCARE AND DECISION
MAKING

12 MULTIPLE CONTEXTS OF
HEALTHCARE

13 NEXT-GENERATION CLINICAL
PRACTICE GUIDELINES

14 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND
CLINICAL REASONING: HOW ARE
THE TWO RELATED?

15 COLLABORATIVE DECISION MAKING
IN LIQUID TIMES

16 A MODEL FOR CLINICAL ETHICS
REASONING IN ADULT AND
PAEDIATRIC MEDICINE

17 CULTIVATING CLINICAL REASONING:
THE NEED FOR THE HEALTH
HUMANITIES

18 SHARED DECISION MAKING IN
PRACTICE

19 USING TELEHEALTH IN CLINICAL
EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES,
CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS
PART 4
Clinical Reasoning and the
Professions

20 METHODS IN THE STUDY OF
CLINICAL REASONING

21 CLINICAL REASONING AND
BIOMEDICAL KNOWLEDGE
IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING

22 CLINICAL REASONING IN MEDICINE

23 CLINICAL REASONING IN NURSING

24 CLINICAL REASONING IN
PHYSIOTHERAPY

25 CLINICAL REASONING IN DENTISTRY

26 CLINICAL REASONING IN
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

27 CLINICAL DECISION MAKING IN
PARAMEDICINE

28 DECISION MAKING AND CLINICAL
REASONING IN OPTOMETRY

29 CLINICAL REASONING IN DIETETICS

30 CLINICAL REASONING IN PHARMACY

31 SPEECH PATHOLOGY: FACILITATING
CLINICAL REASONING

32 CLINICAL DECISION MAKING ACROSS
ORTHODOX AND COMPLEMENTARY
MEDICINE FIELDS
PART 5
Pedagogy

33 TOWARDS A CLINICAL EDUCATION
PEDAGOGY FOR DEVELOPING CLINICAL
REASONING CAPABILITY

34 LEADING A FACULTY IN IMPLEMENTING
CLINICAL REASONING

35 DEVELOPING A CURRICULUM ON
CLINICAL REASONING

36 TEACHING CLINICAL REASONING TO
PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS

37 TEACHING CLINICAL REASONING IN
NURSING EDUCATION

38 INTERPROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMES
TO DEVELOP CLINICAL REASONING

39 TEACHING CLINICAL REASONING IN
PARAMEDICINE

40 DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING
CAPABILITY

41 LEARNING TO COMMUNICATE
CLINICAL REASONING

42 LEARNING TO RESEARCH CLINICAL
REASONING

43 CLINICAL DECISION MAKING, CULTURE
AND HEALTH

44 LEARNING ABOUT FACTORS
INFLUENCING CLINICAL DECISION
MAKING

45 PEER LEARNING TO DEVELOP CLINICAL
REASONING ABILITIES

46 ASSESSING CLINICAL REASONING IN
MEDICINE

47 CLINICAL REASONING EDUCATION:
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE

INDEX

Joy Higgs

Joy has worked for over 35 years as an educator, scholar, researcher and research supervisor at The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney and Charles Sturt University. She has held appointments as visiting scholar and consultant to a number of Australian and international tertiary institutions. In 2004, Joy received a Member of the Order of Australia award for service to health science education through course development, academic and administrative contributions and research into teaching methods. She was awarded an Australian Teaching and Learning Council Fellowship in 2010. Joy is a member of the Australian Learning and Teaching Fellows Network. In 2015, Joy was appointed a Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, UK. Professor Joy Higgs' key roles at CSU are promoting the advancement of professional practice and education through collaborations in research, scholarship, student supervision, education, organisational change and networking. Joy's research interests are linked to professional practice (the nature of practice across professions, practice wisdom, professionalism, the changing shape of professions in work and society), higher education (quality and innovations), professional education (pedagogies, socialisation, expectations of graduates), practice-based education (pedagogy, curriculum frameworks) and qualitative research strategies.

Affiliations and expertise

Emeritus Professor in Higher Education Charles Sturt University Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Gail M. Jensen

Dr. Jensen is Vice Provost for Learning and Assessment, Dean Emerita, and Professor of Physical Therapy at Creighton University. She is known nationally and internationally for scholarly contributions in expert practice, clinical reasoning, professional ethics, and interprofessional education. Dr. Jensen is author or coauthor of more than 90 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has coauthored 13 books, including the fourth edition of Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions (Higgs, Jensen, Loftus, Christensen), Educating Physical Therapists, and in 2020, Clinical Reasoning and Decision Making in Physical Therapy. She led the research team that completed a National Study of Excellence and Innovation in Physical Therapist Education funded by the American Physical Therapy Association and several APTA components. She serves on a number of editorial boards and most recently became an associate editor for The Clinical Teacher. Dr. Jensen received her PhD in educational evaluation with a minor in sociology from Stanford University. She holds a master’s degree in physical therapy from Stanford University and a bachelor’s degree in education from the University of Minnesota.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Dept of Physical Therapy and Dept of Medical Humanities; Vice Provost for Learning and Assessment, Dean Emerita School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Stephen Loftus

Dr. Loftus joined Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine in November 2013 as associate professor of Medical Education. He is responsible for faculty development in medical education. He is also involved in a number of courses such as Medical Humanities and Embark research projects. A dental professional with more than 20 years in medical education, Dr. Loftus developed an internationally recognized inter-professional online graduate course in pain management at Sydney University. His research on clinical reasoning has appeared in several journals and books, such as the well-received book, “Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions” (3rd ed). He has also supervised doctoral research students at Charles Sturt University in Australia, in topics such as clinical reasoning, higher education and clinician/patient relationships. Dr. Loftus works to ensure that students and faculty maximize the benefit of the educational experiences provided in the medical school through coming to a deeper understanding of what is involved in medical education and practice.

Affiliations and expertise

Adjunct Associate Professor of Medical Education William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland University Rochester, Michigan, United States

Franziska V. Trede

Franziska Trede is Associate Professor in Higher Education at Charles Sturt University where she leads research, scholarship and practice in professional education and workplace learning. She is a national board member of the Australian Collaborative Education Network. She teaches an open online subject to academics and practitioners on the theory and practice of workplace learning. Her research focuses on professional practice, learner agency and resilience, pedagogy of deliberateness, professional identity development and professionalism. She has developed innovative online capacity building teaching tools using arts-based approaches. Franziska published 7 books and over 80 peer-reviewed papers and has presented her work in Canada, Europe and New Zealand. Her latest book under contract with Springer is titled Education for practice in hybrid spaces: Enhancing professional learning with mobile technology.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor in Higher Education and Professional Practice Education Portfolio University of Technology Sydney Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Sandra Grace

Dr Sandra Grace is a health services researcher with extensive research experience, including primary health care, practice-based education, models of care and interprofessional education and practice. She has extensive experience as a practitioner, teacher, designer of health training courses and project manager, including grant writing, managing staff and budgets, meeting key performance indicators and preparing project reports.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Integrative Medicine Faculty of Health Southern Cross University Lismore, New South Wales, Australia

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Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

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Joy Higgs

Gail M. Jensen

Stephen Loftus

Franziska V. Trede

Sandra Grace