Clean Hydrogen
From Production to Mobility
- 1st Edition - March 1, 2027
- Latest edition
- Author: Medhat A. Nemitallah
- Language: English
Clean Hydrogen: From Production to Mobility serves as an authoritative reference for researchers, engineers, technology developers, and decision‑makers involved in advancing hydrog… Read more
Description
Description
Clean Hydrogen: From Production to Mobility serves as an authoritative reference for researchers, engineers, technology developers, and decision‑makers involved in advancing hydrogen technologies. The book responds to the growing need for integrated, engineering‑focused knowledge by providing an in‑depth examination of low‑carbon hydrogen production pathways, storage solutions, and transportation systems. It covers both established and emerging methods, including sorption‑enhanced reforming, bio‑hydrogen generation from microalgae, and subsurface in‑situ hydrogen production with integrated CO₂ sequestration, while emphasizing process intensification, system integration, and techno‑economic evaluation to support scalable and commercially viable deployment. Drawing on fundamental principles, advanced process designs, modeling and simulation approaches, and environmental considerations, the book equips readers with a systems‑level perspective essential for optimizing hydrogen supply chains and reducing lifecycle emissions. The detailed table of contents spans hydrogen color classifications, material‑ and physical‑based storage technologies, transport infrastructure, and next‑generation production routes. Each chapter incorporates practical applications, case studies, and analytical techniques, enhancing the book’s utility for both academic research and industrial practice. Aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7), Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG 9), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), and Climate Action (SDG 13)—this reference empowers professionals to evaluate, innovate, and implement low‑carbon hydrogen solutions. By combining scientific rigor with practical engineering insights, the volume offers a vital resource for advancing hydrogen’s role in the global energy transition and supporting the development of sustainable, climate‑aligned energy systems.
Key features
Key features
- Delivers a unified, engineering‑driven treatment of advanced hydrogen production pathways, covering sorption‑enhanced processes, in‑well hydrogen generation, microalgae systems, and process‑intensified technologies to provide a state‑of‑the‑art view of low‑carbon hydrogen production
- Offers rigorous quantitative analysis including thermodynamics, kinetics, reactor modeling, and techno‑economics to enable evidence‑based comparison, design, and scale‑up of hydrogen production routes
- Presents an end‑to‑end systems framework that links hydrogen production with storage, transportation, and utilization, supporting holistic planning across the entire hydrogen value chain
- Showcases cutting‑edge innovations such as microalgae‑based bio‑hydrogen, photobiological systems, and in‑situ CO₂‑integrated subsurface hydrogen generation, positioning readers at the forefront of emerging hydrogen technologies
Readership
Readership
Engineers, R&D specialists and techno-economic analysts in the field of chemicals, energy, oil & gas, power generation, and hydrogen sectors
Table of contents
Table of contents
1. Hydrogen energy processes from production to mobility
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Hydrogen Spectrum and Production Methods
1.2.1 Conventional Hydrogen Spectrum and Production Techniques
1.2.1.1 Green Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.2 Gray Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.3 Blue Hydrogen and Production Methods.
1.2.1.4 Purple Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.5 Brown Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.6 Turquoise Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.2 Emerging Hydrogen Spectrum and Production Techniques
1.2.2.1 White Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.2.2 Aquamarine Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.2.3 Golden Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.3 Unveiling Hydrogen Colors: A Captivating Comparative Analysis
1.4 Hydrogen Storage
1.4.1 Hydrogen Storage Phases
1.4.2 Hydrogen Storage Technologies
1.4.2.1 Physical-Based Storage Methods
1.4.2.2 Material-Based Storage Methods
1.4.2.3 Geological storage
1.4.2.4 Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage Systems
1.4.2.5 Comparison of Hydrogen Storage Methods
1.4.2.6 Application of Hydrogen Storage Systems in Real-World Scenarios
1.4.2.7 Infrastructure scalability
1.5 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrogen Transportation
1.5.1 Compressed Gaseous Tube Trailer
1.5.2 Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tanker
1.5.3 Pipeline Transportation System
1.5.4 Comparison of Hydrogen Transportation Methods
1.6 Safety and risk assessment in hydrogen systems
1.7 Challenges and Future Outlooks
1.8 Concluding Remarks
2. Sorption-enhanced steam reforming for clean hydrogen production
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Low-carbon economy and hydrogen production technologies
2.3 Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR)
2.3.1 SE-SMR concept and principles
2.3.2 CaO-based sorbents
2.3.2.1 CaO sorbents from different precursors
2.3.2.2 CaO sorbents with different morphology
2.3.2.3 Modified CaO sorbents
2.3.3 Alkali-ceramic sorbents
2.3.4 Hydrotalcite sorbents
2.3.5 Waste-derived sorbents
2.3.6 Reforming and regeneration cycles
2.4 Bi-functional materials (catalyst/sorbent) for enhanced hydrogen production
2.5 Reaction kinetics in SE-SMR
2.6 Exergy analysis for optimized SE-SMR process configurations
2.6. Integration of SE-SMR with chemical looping combustion
2.6.2 Integration of SE-SMR with amine-based PCC
2.6.3 Integration of SE-SMR with chemical looping reforming process
2.6.4 Integration of SE-SMR with renewable energy
2.6.5 Other sorption-enhanced steam reforming processes
2.7 Techno-economics of SE-SMR
2.8 Challenges and future directions
2.8.1 Technical challenges and limitations
2.8.2 Environmental and economic considerations
2.8.3 Policy and regulatory aspects
2.9 Conclusions and future perspectives
3. Clean hydrogen production via sorption enhanced water gas shift reaction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water-Gas Shift Reaction
3.2.1 WGS Thermodynamics
3.2.2 WGS Kinetics and Catalysts
3.3 Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift Reaction
3.4 Sorbents for Enhanced Water-Gas Shift Reaction
3.4.1 Magnesium Based Sorbents
3.4.2 Hydrotalcite Based Sorbents
3.5 Performance of Sorbent and Sorbent-Catalyst Systems in the WGS Environment
3.5.1 Sorbents in the WGS Environment
3.5.2 Sorbent–Catalyst Systems in the WGS Environment
3.6 Modeling of SEWGS Processes
3. 6.1 SEWGS Kinetic Models
3.6.2 SEWGS Reactor Models and Design Configurations
3.6.3 Computational Fluid Dynamic Models
3.6.4 DFT models
3.7 Techno-economic Assessment
3.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
4. In-well hydrogen production with integrated in-situ CO2 sequestration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Subsurface reaction engineering
4.3 Techniques for in-well clean hydrogen production
4. 3.1 In-situ combustion
4. 3.2 In-situ gasification
4. 3.3 In situ biodegradation
4.4 Factors influencing in-well hydrogen production
4. 4.1 Reservoir geochemical factors
4. 4.2 Reservoir geological factors
4.5 In-well hydrogen production case studies
4.5.1 Case study 1
4.5.2 Case study 2
4.6 Challenges and opportunities of in-well hydrogen production
4.6.1 Technical Challenges
4.6.1.1 Efficiency and productivity
4.6.1.2 Monitoring and control
4.6.1.3 Technical limitations
4.6.2 Ecological and subsurface impacts
4.6.2.1 Potential impacts on the reservoir
4.6.2.2 Water usage
4.6.2.3 Chemical interaction
4.6.2.4 Subsurface integrity
4.6.3 Economic challenges
4.6.3.1 Cost analysis and feasibility
4.6.3.2 Market potential and incentives
4.7 Prospects and research directions
4.7.1 Cost reduction
4.7.2 Potential for scaling up in-well hydrogen production
4.7.3 Integration with existing oil and gas operations
4.7.4 Research areas for improving efficiency and sustainability
4.8 Concluding remarks
5. Hydrogen production via microalgae
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Renewable energy production from biomass
5.2.1 Biomass gasification
5.2.2 Reforming of biomass-derived liquids
5.2.3 Microbial biomass conversion
5.3 Renewable energy production solar resources
5.3.1 Solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH)
5.3.2 Technological advancement for producing hydrogen is the photoreactor
5.3.3 Photoreactor restrictions
5.4 Bioreactors for biohydrogen production
5.5 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting
5.6 Photobiological water splitting
5.6.1 Microalgae biology, chemical composition, and classification
5.6.2 Microalgae in bioenergy and its application in industry
5.6.3 Production of hydrogen
5.6.4 Enzymes acting as catalyst in microalgae to produce hydrogen
5.6.5 Photoautotrophic hydrogen production
5.6.6 Photoheterotrophic production of hydrogen
5.6.7 Direct photolysis for hydrogen production
5.6.8 Indirect photolysis for hydrogen production
5.6.9 Factors involved in microalgae growth rate
5.6.10 Factors related to hydrogen production in relative to wavelength and the growth rate
5.6.11 Enhancing of production of hydrogen yield by immobilization
5.6.12 Overcoming Oxygen Sensitivity
5.6.13 Kinetics
5.6.14 Indirect photolysis kinetics initial equations
5.7 Electrolysis by using wind, geothermal and solar energies
5.8 Facilities for green hydrogen production
5.9 Limitations and challenges of hydrogen production via microalgae
5.9.1 Algal biomasses challenges
5.9.2 Process for hydrogen production challenges
5.10 Economic analysis of bio-hydrogen production by microalgae
5.10.1 Advantages and opportunities for producing bio-hydrogen from microalgae
5.10.2 Theory of bio-hydrogen separation by membrane bioreactor
5.10.3 Bioreactor optimization for hydrogen production
5.11 Future Perspective
5.12 Conclusions
6. Techno-economics of hydrogen production using current and emerging processes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Cost assessment of thermochemical conversion processes
6.2.1 Pyrolysis
6.2.2 Gasification
6.2.2.1 Gasification of coal
6.2.2.2 Gasification of biomass
6.2.3 Reforming of methane or natural-gas
6.2.3.1 Steam methane reforming (SMR)
6.2.3.2 Auto-thermal reforming
6.2.3.3 Syngas chemical looping (SCL)
6.2.3.4 Chemical looping reforming (CLR)
6.2.3.5 Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production by reforming without capture
6.2.4 Sorbent enhanced reforming
6.3 Cost assessment of renewable liquid reforming for hydrogen production
6.4 Cost assessment of water electrolysis
6.5 Cost assessment of biochemical conversion for hydrogen production
6.5.1 Dark fermentation
6.5.2 Photo-biological hydrogen production
6.6 Economic and technical challenges toward commercialization of hydrogen production processes
6.6.1 Economic challenges
6.6.2 Technical challenges
6.6.3 Investment challenges
6.7 Further aspects
6.8 Concluding remarks
7. Hydrogen mobility in gas turbines and internal combustion engines
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages of hydrogen combustion
7.2.1 Improving flame speed and reaction kinetics
7.2.2 Improving static blowout stability limits
7.3 Challenges of hydrogen combustion
7.4 Burners technologies for hydrogen combustion in gas turbines
7.4.1 DACRS / swirl nozzles
7.4.2 Perforated-plate burner (PPB)
7.4.3 Micromixer burners
7.4.4 EV/AEV burners
7.5 Recommended implementations for hydrogen combustion in gas turbines
7.5.1 Hydrogen pilot for mitigating flashback risk
7.5.2 Hydrogen pilot for mitigating dynamic instabilities
7.5.3 Small hydrogen fractions for lower NOx emissions
7.5.4 Lean combustion for mitigating NOx emissions
7.5.5 Hydrogen pilot for enhancing LBO limit
7.5.6 Lean combustion for improving turbine turn-down ratio
7.5.7 Separate circuits for improving injection characteristics
7.6 Chances and limitations of hydrogen internal combustion engines
7.7 Use of hydrogen in spark ignition (SI) engines
7.8 Use of hydrogen in compression ignition (CI) engines
7.9 Fuel cells vs. internal combustion engines
7.10 Future perspectives and limitations
7.11 Concluding remarks
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Hydrogen Spectrum and Production Methods
1.2.1 Conventional Hydrogen Spectrum and Production Techniques
1.2.1.1 Green Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.2 Gray Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.3 Blue Hydrogen and Production Methods.
1.2.1.4 Purple Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.5 Brown Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.1.6 Turquoise Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.2 Emerging Hydrogen Spectrum and Production Techniques
1.2.2.1 White Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.2.2 Aquamarine Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.2.2.3 Golden Hydrogen and Production Methods
1.3 Unveiling Hydrogen Colors: A Captivating Comparative Analysis
1.4 Hydrogen Storage
1.4.1 Hydrogen Storage Phases
1.4.2 Hydrogen Storage Technologies
1.4.2.1 Physical-Based Storage Methods
1.4.2.2 Material-Based Storage Methods
1.4.2.3 Geological storage
1.4.2.4 Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage Systems
1.4.2.5 Comparison of Hydrogen Storage Methods
1.4.2.6 Application of Hydrogen Storage Systems in Real-World Scenarios
1.4.2.7 Infrastructure scalability
1.5 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrogen Transportation
1.5.1 Compressed Gaseous Tube Trailer
1.5.2 Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tanker
1.5.3 Pipeline Transportation System
1.5.4 Comparison of Hydrogen Transportation Methods
1.6 Safety and risk assessment in hydrogen systems
1.7 Challenges and Future Outlooks
1.8 Concluding Remarks
2. Sorption-enhanced steam reforming for clean hydrogen production
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Low-carbon economy and hydrogen production technologies
2.3 Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR)
2.3.1 SE-SMR concept and principles
2.3.2 CaO-based sorbents
2.3.2.1 CaO sorbents from different precursors
2.3.2.2 CaO sorbents with different morphology
2.3.2.3 Modified CaO sorbents
2.3.3 Alkali-ceramic sorbents
2.3.4 Hydrotalcite sorbents
2.3.5 Waste-derived sorbents
2.3.6 Reforming and regeneration cycles
2.4 Bi-functional materials (catalyst/sorbent) for enhanced hydrogen production
2.5 Reaction kinetics in SE-SMR
2.6 Exergy analysis for optimized SE-SMR process configurations
2.6. Integration of SE-SMR with chemical looping combustion
2.6.2 Integration of SE-SMR with amine-based PCC
2.6.3 Integration of SE-SMR with chemical looping reforming process
2.6.4 Integration of SE-SMR with renewable energy
2.6.5 Other sorption-enhanced steam reforming processes
2.7 Techno-economics of SE-SMR
2.8 Challenges and future directions
2.8.1 Technical challenges and limitations
2.8.2 Environmental and economic considerations
2.8.3 Policy and regulatory aspects
2.9 Conclusions and future perspectives
3. Clean hydrogen production via sorption enhanced water gas shift reaction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water-Gas Shift Reaction
3.2.1 WGS Thermodynamics
3.2.2 WGS Kinetics and Catalysts
3.3 Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift Reaction
3.4 Sorbents for Enhanced Water-Gas Shift Reaction
3.4.1 Magnesium Based Sorbents
3.4.2 Hydrotalcite Based Sorbents
3.5 Performance of Sorbent and Sorbent-Catalyst Systems in the WGS Environment
3.5.1 Sorbents in the WGS Environment
3.5.2 Sorbent–Catalyst Systems in the WGS Environment
3.6 Modeling of SEWGS Processes
3. 6.1 SEWGS Kinetic Models
3.6.2 SEWGS Reactor Models and Design Configurations
3.6.3 Computational Fluid Dynamic Models
3.6.4 DFT models
3.7 Techno-economic Assessment
3.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
4. In-well hydrogen production with integrated in-situ CO2 sequestration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Subsurface reaction engineering
4.3 Techniques for in-well clean hydrogen production
4. 3.1 In-situ combustion
4. 3.2 In-situ gasification
4. 3.3 In situ biodegradation
4.4 Factors influencing in-well hydrogen production
4. 4.1 Reservoir geochemical factors
4. 4.2 Reservoir geological factors
4.5 In-well hydrogen production case studies
4.5.1 Case study 1
4.5.2 Case study 2
4.6 Challenges and opportunities of in-well hydrogen production
4.6.1 Technical Challenges
4.6.1.1 Efficiency and productivity
4.6.1.2 Monitoring and control
4.6.1.3 Technical limitations
4.6.2 Ecological and subsurface impacts
4.6.2.1 Potential impacts on the reservoir
4.6.2.2 Water usage
4.6.2.3 Chemical interaction
4.6.2.4 Subsurface integrity
4.6.3 Economic challenges
4.6.3.1 Cost analysis and feasibility
4.6.3.2 Market potential and incentives
4.7 Prospects and research directions
4.7.1 Cost reduction
4.7.2 Potential for scaling up in-well hydrogen production
4.7.3 Integration with existing oil and gas operations
4.7.4 Research areas for improving efficiency and sustainability
4.8 Concluding remarks
5. Hydrogen production via microalgae
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Renewable energy production from biomass
5.2.1 Biomass gasification
5.2.2 Reforming of biomass-derived liquids
5.2.3 Microbial biomass conversion
5.3 Renewable energy production solar resources
5.3.1 Solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH)
5.3.2 Technological advancement for producing hydrogen is the photoreactor
5.3.3 Photoreactor restrictions
5.4 Bioreactors for biohydrogen production
5.5 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting
5.6 Photobiological water splitting
5.6.1 Microalgae biology, chemical composition, and classification
5.6.2 Microalgae in bioenergy and its application in industry
5.6.3 Production of hydrogen
5.6.4 Enzymes acting as catalyst in microalgae to produce hydrogen
5.6.5 Photoautotrophic hydrogen production
5.6.6 Photoheterotrophic production of hydrogen
5.6.7 Direct photolysis for hydrogen production
5.6.8 Indirect photolysis for hydrogen production
5.6.9 Factors involved in microalgae growth rate
5.6.10 Factors related to hydrogen production in relative to wavelength and the growth rate
5.6.11 Enhancing of production of hydrogen yield by immobilization
5.6.12 Overcoming Oxygen Sensitivity
5.6.13 Kinetics
5.6.14 Indirect photolysis kinetics initial equations
5.7 Electrolysis by using wind, geothermal and solar energies
5.8 Facilities for green hydrogen production
5.9 Limitations and challenges of hydrogen production via microalgae
5.9.1 Algal biomasses challenges
5.9.2 Process for hydrogen production challenges
5.10 Economic analysis of bio-hydrogen production by microalgae
5.10.1 Advantages and opportunities for producing bio-hydrogen from microalgae
5.10.2 Theory of bio-hydrogen separation by membrane bioreactor
5.10.3 Bioreactor optimization for hydrogen production
5.11 Future Perspective
5.12 Conclusions
6. Techno-economics of hydrogen production using current and emerging processes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Cost assessment of thermochemical conversion processes
6.2.1 Pyrolysis
6.2.2 Gasification
6.2.2.1 Gasification of coal
6.2.2.2 Gasification of biomass
6.2.3 Reforming of methane or natural-gas
6.2.3.1 Steam methane reforming (SMR)
6.2.3.2 Auto-thermal reforming
6.2.3.3 Syngas chemical looping (SCL)
6.2.3.4 Chemical looping reforming (CLR)
6.2.3.5 Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production by reforming without capture
6.2.4 Sorbent enhanced reforming
6.3 Cost assessment of renewable liquid reforming for hydrogen production
6.4 Cost assessment of water electrolysis
6.5 Cost assessment of biochemical conversion for hydrogen production
6.5.1 Dark fermentation
6.5.2 Photo-biological hydrogen production
6.6 Economic and technical challenges toward commercialization of hydrogen production processes
6.6.1 Economic challenges
6.6.2 Technical challenges
6.6.3 Investment challenges
6.7 Further aspects
6.8 Concluding remarks
7. Hydrogen mobility in gas turbines and internal combustion engines
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages of hydrogen combustion
7.2.1 Improving flame speed and reaction kinetics
7.2.2 Improving static blowout stability limits
7.3 Challenges of hydrogen combustion
7.4 Burners technologies for hydrogen combustion in gas turbines
7.4.1 DACRS / swirl nozzles
7.4.2 Perforated-plate burner (PPB)
7.4.3 Micromixer burners
7.4.4 EV/AEV burners
7.5 Recommended implementations for hydrogen combustion in gas turbines
7.5.1 Hydrogen pilot for mitigating flashback risk
7.5.2 Hydrogen pilot for mitigating dynamic instabilities
7.5.3 Small hydrogen fractions for lower NOx emissions
7.5.4 Lean combustion for mitigating NOx emissions
7.5.5 Hydrogen pilot for enhancing LBO limit
7.5.6 Lean combustion for improving turbine turn-down ratio
7.5.7 Separate circuits for improving injection characteristics
7.6 Chances and limitations of hydrogen internal combustion engines
7.7 Use of hydrogen in spark ignition (SI) engines
7.8 Use of hydrogen in compression ignition (CI) engines
7.9 Fuel cells vs. internal combustion engines
7.10 Future perspectives and limitations
7.11 Concluding remarks
Product details
Product details
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: March 1, 2027
- Language: English
About the author
About the author
MN
Medhat A. Nemitallah
Dr. Medhat A. Nemitallah is an experienced Faculty and researcher with a demonstrated history of working in higher education and industry. Currently, he is an Associate Professor IN Aerospace Engineering Department at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) – KSA. He is an experienced Faculty in terms of students’ advising and teaching a wide range of undergraduate/graduate courses in different Universities with students’ evaluations above all standards. He acted as an Associate Editor, ASME Journal of Energy Resources Technology, from 2021-2024. He had a strong education and professionally graduated from Alexandria University - Egypt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - USA, and KFUPM - KSA. He specializes mainly in experimental and numerical combustion, clean combustion technologies, hydrogen mobility, hydrogen production, and carbon capture techniques for the control of global warming. In this regard, he performed extensive research on the above topics with an incredible number of publications, including three textbooks, two book chapters, over 20 issued patents, and about 200 journal/conference publications. He has been involved in research projects with the industrial sector in Saudi Arabia including Saudi Aramco and SABIC companies. He was assigned through an official committee created by the department chairman to develop a PhD program for the Aerospace Engineering Department at KFUPM. He had the chance to have international collaboration with international institutions including MIT, University of Rostock, Air products, US-DOE, NETL, Baker Hughes, Cranfield University, and Newcastle University.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering Department at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia