Chemistry at Interfaces

Preface


1. Introduction


2. Theoretical Concepts I

I. What Makes a Reaction Go?

II. Quantitative Measurements of Free Energy

III. Application of Thermodynamic Principles to Interfacial Phenomena

IV. The Hydrophobic Effect

Demonstrations

Problems

References


3. Theoretical Concepts II

I. The Distribution of Molecules

II. Quantum Energy Levels and Partition Functions

III. Principle of Independent Surface Action

IV. Important Intensive Properties for Interfaces

V. Distribution of Molecules between Bulk and Interface

VI. Effects of an Interface on the Orientation of Molecules

VII. Reaction Rates at Interfaces

Demonstrations

Problems

References


4. The Film Balance and the Measurement of Interfacial Pressure

I. The Problem of Purity in Interfacial Work

II. The Film Balance

III. Modifications to Basic Film Balance

IV. Spreading of Monolayers

Demonstrations

Problem

References


5. Additional Techniques I

I. Interfacial Potential

II. Interfacial Rheology

III. Transfer of Films to Solid Supports

IV. Radioactive Tracers

Demonstrations

Problems

References


6. Additional Techniques II

I. Optical Techniques

II. Solid/Fluid Interfaces

III. Forces between Surfaces

Demonstrations

Problem

References


7. Monolayers

I. Monolayer States

II. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

III. Equilibrium Spreading Pressure

IV. Effects of Systematic Change of Molecular Structure on Monolayer Properties

V. Monolayers at the Oil/Water Interface

VI. Monolayers of More Complex Molecules

Demonstration

Problems

References


8. Physical Processes at Interfaces

I. Adsorption

II. Desorption

III. Spreading or Two-Dimensional Dissolution

IV. Precipitation of Monolayers

V. Molecular Configurational Changes

VI. Surface Flow

VII. Transport across Interfaces

VIII. Unidimensional Interfaces

IX. General Summary

Demonstrations

Problems

References


9. Chemical Reactions

I. Kinetics of Reactions Studied by the Film Balance

II. Specific Reactions Studied in Monolayers

III. Polymerization Reactions

IV. General Features of Interfacial Reactions

V. Design of Functionalized Monolayer Systems

VI. Unidimensional and Zero-Dimensional Reactions

Demonstrations

Problem

References


10. Biological Processes and Reactions

I. Membrane-Mimetic Chemistry

II. Enzyme Reactions at Interfaces

III. Direct Studies on Model Membrane Systems

IV. The Pulmonary Surfactant

V. Thrombogenicity

Demonstrations

Problem

References


11. Applications and Future Directions

I. Biology and Medicine

II. Industrial Applications

III. New Technologies

References

Appendix

Answers to Problems

Index