Chemical Analysis Of Silicate Rocks

Preface AcknowledgementsChapter 1. Introduction Preliminary remarksChapter 2. Apparatus and Reagents Balance and weights Glassware and porcelain Platinum and substitutes Platinum ware Substitutes Reagents FiltersChapter 3. Laboratory Instruments pH meters Spectrophotometers Flame photometersChapter 4. Major Factors in Spectrophotometric Methods Choice of method pH of solution Oxidation and reduction of solutions Presence of interfering elements Period of reaction Stability of complexes Reagents Photo-sensitive complexes TemperatureChapter 5. Common Operations in Silicate Analysis Decomposition by fluxes Sodium carbonate fusion Potassium bisulphate fusion Sodium peroxide fusion Fusion of sulphide-containing minerals Decomposition by acids Acid-resistant minerals and insoluble residues Precipitation Co-precipitation Post-precipitation Peptisation Filtration Washing of precipitates Drying and ignition of precipitates DirectionsChapter 6. Chemical Analysis of Silicate Rocks The constituents occurring in rocks The general procedure (The separation of the six groups of elements) Acid group Hydrogen sulphide group Ammonium hydroxide group Ammonium sulphide group Ammonium oxalate group Ammonium phosphate group Alkali groupChapter 7. Preparation of the Laboratory Sample General remarks Crushing Grinding Minerals Meteorites Silicates without metal Silicates with metal Carbonaceous chondrites Silicate phase of stony irons Metal phase of stony irons and iron meteorites Correcting analytical results to the "dry basis"Chapter 8. Silicon Consideration of methods Gravimetric determination of silicon in silicate rocks and minerals in absence of appreciable chlorine, fluorine or sulphur Spectrophotometric determination of silicon Determination of residual silicon in filtrate (12) Determination of silicon in a suite of rocks of similar composition Volumetric determination of silicon Rapid gravimetric determination of silicon in highly siliceous materialsChapter 9. Total Iron Consideration of methods Removal of iron by extraction with ether Determination of Total iron in silicate rocks and minerals Volumetric determination Total iron by the Sulphide-permanganate method without regard to vanadium Spectrophotometric determination Total iron as Fe203 by the 2,2'-dipyridyl method Other methods Gravimetric determination of Total iron after separation by ion-exchange methodChapter 10. Titanium Consideration of methods Spectrophotometric determinations Titanium by the hydrogen peroxide method Titanium by the tiron method Titanium by the EDTA-tiron method Other methodsChapter 11. Aluminium Consideration of methods Determination of alumina in silicate rocks Alumina "difference" Volumetric determination Alumina by the EDTA-method Spectrophotometric determination Alumina by the 8-hydroxyquinoline methodChapter 12. Calcium Consideration of methods Determination of calcium oxide in silicate rocks in absence of excessive amounts of magnesium and phosphorus After precipitation as oxalate After precipitation as phosphate along with magnesiumChapter 13. Magnesium Consideration of methods Determination of magnesia in silicate rocks in absence of excessive amounts of phosphorus, alkali salts, and oxalates After precipitation as phosphate After separation of the Ammonium oxalate groupChapter 14. Ferrous Iron Consideration of methods Ferrous iron by the permanganate method Ferrous iron by the 2,2'-dipyridyl methodChapter 15. Manganese Consideration of methods Volumetric determination Spectrophotometric determinationChapter 16. Chromium Consideration of methods Chrome minerals Chromate method Rocks Diphenylcarbazide method Ammonia precipitates Other methodsChapter 17. Alkalies Consideration of methods Preliminary group separation Addition of similar concentrations of interfering elements to the standards Radiation buffers Internal standards Standard addition Ion exchange separation of interfering elements Scanning of emission peak and deduction of background Physical factorsChapter 18. Water and Carbon Dioxide Consideration of methods Uncombined water Combined waterChapter 19. Phosphorus Consideration of methods Decomposition of samples containing phosphorus Attack by hydrofluoric and nitric acids Fusion with sodium carbonate Separation of phosphorus by the ion-exchange method Principle of method Spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus pentoxide in silicate rocks and minerals By the molybdivanadophosphoric acid method By the molybdenumbluephosphoric acid methodChapter 20. Total Sulphur Consideration of methods Gravimetric determination of Total sulphur in silicate rocks and minerals, containing no more than 2.5 per cent Total SChapter 21. Formulas of Minerals Discussion Calculations Possible points for checking a chondrite meteoritic analysisChapter 22. Determination of the Specific Gravity Rocks Mineral grainsChapter 23. Notes on the Precision and Accuracy of Results Obtained in Silicate-Rock Analysis and the Limit of Allowable Error ReferencesIndex