Cellulose Based Hydrogels

Production, Properties, and Applications

1st Edition - January 24, 2025
Editors: Kalim Deshmukh, Shaswat Barua, Swagata Baruah, Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 0 4 9 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 0 5 0 - 0

Cellulose Based Hydrogels: Production, Properties and Applications provides detailed information on the properties, characterization techniques, preparation methodolo… Read more

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Request a sales quote

Cellulose Based Hydrogels: Production, Properties and Applications provides detailed information on the properties, characterization techniques, preparation methodologies, applications, and commercial viability of cellulose based hydrogels.

The book starts with an in-depth overview of the structure of cellulosic materials and their chemical modification approaches, covering various forms of cellulose, such as nanocrystalline and nanofibrillar cellulose. The following chapters focus on characterization methods of such materials, including advanced techniques, followed by a through discussion of the strategies for preparation of cellulose based hydrogels. Finally, applications of cellulosic structures in different fields such as biomedicine, environmental science, and energy are presented.

This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across polymer science, nanomaterials, and materials science, as well as scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in sustainable materials and their composites/nanocomposites for advanced applications.

Cellulose-Based Hydrogels
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Cellulose and its derivatives: Fundamental chemistry, structure, properties, and applications
Abstract
Keywords
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General chemistry
1.2.1 Structure
1.2.2 Properties
1.2.3 Cellulose derivatives: Specific features of the reactions of cellulose
1.3 Applications
1.3.1 Applications in the biomedical field
1.3.2 Applications in food industry
1.3.3 Applications in cosmetics
1.3.4 Applications in electronic devices
1.3.5 Applications in civil engineering
1.3.6 Applications in water treatment
1.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Design, synthesis approaches, and surface functionalization of cellulose-based hydrogels
Abstract
Keywords
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of CBHs
2.2.1 Biocompatibility and degradability
2.2.2 Size and shape
2.2.3 Drug-loading capability
2.2.4 Swelling property in water
2.3 CBHs multifunctional characteristics
2.4 CBHs in vivo behavior
2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of CBH
2.6 Classification of CBHs
2.6.1 Stimuli-responsive and nonresponsive
2.7 Synthesis methods of CBHs
2.7.1 Polymerization of monomers on a standardized level
2.7.2 Physical self-assembly of interactive polymers
2.7.3 Cross-linking of preformed polymers technique
2.7.4 Template-assisted nanofabrication
2.8 Functionalized CBHs
2.8.1 Physically cross-linked and functionalized CBHs
2.8.2 Chemically cross-linked and functionalized CBHs
2.8.3 Liposome modified CBHs
2.8.4 Hybrid functionalized CBHs
2.9 Surface functionalized CBHs
2.10 Application of CBHs
2.10.1 Drug-controlled release
2.10.2 Protein and gene delivery
2.10.3 Utilization of CBHs in hygiene, cosmeceuticals, and various other fields
2.10.4 Superabsorbents for personal hygiene products
2.10.5 Water reservoirs in agriculture
2.11 Future perspectives of CBHs
2.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Spectroscopic and microscopic characterization of cellulose-based hydrogels
Abstract
Keywords
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Characterization of CBH
3.2.1 Different aspects of characterization of CBH
3.2.2 Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques
3.2.3 Scope of advancement in spectroscopic and microscopic techniques
3.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Chemical, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of cellulose-based hydrogels
Abstract
Keywords
4.1 Chemical properties of cellulose-based hydrogels
4.1.1 Hydrogels from natural cellulose
4.1.2 Crosslinking in cellulose hydrogels
4.2 Mechanical properties
4.3 Thermal properties
4.4 Rheological properties
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Cellulose-based stimuli-responsive and self-healing hydrogels
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgment
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cellulose: Physical, chemical, and mechanical properties
5.3 Hydrogel and its properties
5.4 Cellulose-based hydrogels (CBH)
5.5 Cellulose-based self-healing hydrogels
5.6 Cellulose-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels
5.6.1 Thermo-responsive
5.6.2 pH-responsive
5.6.3 Magnetic responsive
5.6.4 Photo-responsive
5.6.5 Multiresponsive
5.7 Applications of cellulose-based stimuli responsive and self-healing hydrogels
5.7.1 Tissue engineering
5.7.2 Drug delivery
5.7.3 Wound healing
5.7.4 Smart materials
5.7.5 Other applications
5.8 Conclusion and future prospectives
References
Chapter 6 Cellulose-based nanocomposite hydrogels with metal nanoparticles
Abstract
Keywords
6.1 An overview
6.2 Preparation of cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels with metal nanoparticles
6.2.1 Integrating various components
6.2.2 In situ metal salt reduction by an external reducing agent
6.2.3 Metal salt reduction by reducing groups of cellulose
6.2.4 Photo-induced metal deposition
6.2.5 Electrostatic assembly
6.3 Characterization of cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels with metal nanoparticles
6.3.1 Microscopic analysis
6.3.2 Scattering analysis
6.3.3 Spectroscopic analysis
6.4 Properties of metal-cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels
6.4.1 Silver nanoparticles
6.4.2 Gold nanoparticles
6.4.3 Copper nanoparticles
6.4.4 Zinc oxide nanoparticles
6.4.5 Copper oxide nanoparticles
6.4.6 Iron oxide nanoparticles
6.5 Applications based on cellulose-based nanocomposite hydrogels with metal nanoparticles
6.5.1 Application as a catalyst
6.5.2 Magnetic and conductive materials
6.5.3 Energy applications
6.5.4 Biomedical application
6.6 Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 7 Cellulose hybrid hydrogels with 2D nanomaterials
Abstract
Keywords
7.1 Introduction
7.2 2D nanomaterials
7.3 Classification of 2D nanomaterials
7.3.1 Carbon-based nanomaterials
7.3.2 Inorganic nanomaterials
7.3.3 Hybrid nanomaterials
7.4 Fabrication techniques
7.5 Cellulose-hydrogel hybrids with 2D nanomaterials
7.5.1 Cellulose-hybrid hydrogels with carbon nanomaterials
7.5.2 Hydrogel hybrids with inorganic nanomaterials
7.5.3 Hydrogel hybrids with hybrid nanomaterials
7.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 3D printing of cellulose-based hydrogels: Fabrication, properties, and applications
Abstract
Keywords
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Cellulose-based hydrogels (CBHs)
8.2.1 Water-soluble cellulose derivatives
8.2.2 CBHs and cross-linking strategies
8.3 3D printing technology
8.3.1 3D printing methods of CBHs
8.3.2 3D printing of hydrogels
8.3.3 Methods for fabrications of 3D scaffolds
8.4 3D printing of cellulose-based hydrogels: Fabrication
8.5 Properties and application of 3D-printed CBHs
8.5.1 Characteristics of CBHs printed in 3D
8.5.2 3D-printed cellulosic hydrogel applications
8.6 Challenges and prospective
8.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Cellulose-based antimicrobial hydrogels
Abstract
Keywords
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Types of cellulose-based hydrogels
9.2.1 Plant cellulose-based hydrogels
9.2.2 Bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels
9.3 Applications of cellulose-based antimicrobial hydrogels
9.3.1 Biomedical applications
9.3.2 Environmental applications
9.3.3 Industrial applications
9.4 Challenges in antibacterial applications of cellulose-based hydrogels
9.5 Conclusions and prospects
References
Chapter 10 Cellulose-based hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgment
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Function of scaffold in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
10.3 Hydrogels
10.4 Cellulose and its derivatives
10.5 Cellulose-based injectable scaffold
10.6 Cellulose nanofibers in tissue engineering
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Cellulose-based hydrogels for wound dressing and wound healing applications
Abstract
Keywords
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Wound and wound healing
11.1.2 Design principles of hydrogels for wound healing
11.1.3 Fabrication methods of hydrogels for wound healing
11.1.4 Cellulose as an ingredient of hydrogel
11.2 Cellulose-based hydrogels
11.2.1 CMC-based hydrogels
11.2.2 Chitosan-based hydrogels
11.2.3 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based hydrogels
11.2.4 HEC-based hydrogels
11.2.5 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based cellulose hydrogels
11.3 Bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels
11.4 Bioactive hydrogel-based wound healing
11.4.1 Bioactive hydrogel precursors
11.4.2 Polysaccharide-based hydrogels
11.4.3 Cell- and cell-derived protein loaded hydrogel wound dressings
11.4.4 Drug loaded hydrogel wound dressings
11.5 Commercial aspects
11.6 Challenges
11.6.1 Mechanical stability
11.6.2 Swelling behavior
11.6.3 Structural degradation
11.6.4 Compatibility with wound exudate
11.6.5 Scalability and cost-effectiveness
11.6.6 Clinical translation
11.7 Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 12 Cellulose-based hydrogels for drug delivery applications
Abstract
Keywords
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Evolution of drug delivery systems
12.1.2 Importance of hydrogels in drug delivery
12.1.3 Unique properties of cellulose for hydrogel
12.2 Fundamentals of hydrogels
12.2.1 Chemical cross-linking methods
12.2.2 Physical cross-linking methods
12.3 Impact of cellulose-based hydrogels in drug delivery system
12.4 Cellulose and its derivatives for drug delivery
12.4.1 Cellulose ethers
12.5 Recent advancements in cellulose-based hydrogels for drug delivery applications
12.5.1 Oral drug delivery
12.5.2 Dermal drug delivery
12.5.3 Transdermal drug delivery
12.5.4 Ophthalmic drug delivery
12.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Cellulose-based hydrogels for biosensing applications
Abstract
Keywords
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Biosensors
13.2.1 Principle and characteristics
13.2.2 Classification of biosensors based on bioreceptors
13.2.3 Working transduction principle of biosensors
13.3 Cellulose-based hydrogels
13.3.1 Cellulose structure and properties
13.3.2 Classification of cellulose-based hydrogels
13.4 Application of cellulose hydrogel-based biosensors
13.5 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 14 Cellulose-based hydrogels in cancer diagnostic and therapy
Abstract
Keywords
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cellulose for the formation of hydrogels
14.3 Synthesis of cellulose-based hydrogels
14.4 Deliberating applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy
14.4.1 Nontoxic or soft hydrogels in cancer therapy
14.4.2 Limonin-loaded hydrogel as TMEM16A inhibitor
14.4.3 Application of hydrogels in the treatment of malignant melanoma
14.4.4 Modification of hydrogels
14.4.5 Contributions of hydrogels in tumor imaging
14.5 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 15 Cellulose-based hydrogels in batteries and supercapacitors
Abstract
Keywords
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Overview and main components of cellulose-based hydrogels (CBHs)
15.2.1 Hydrogels
15.2.2 Cellulose-based hydrogels: Properties and importance
15.2.3 Applications of CBH
15.3 The conception of CBH-based batteries
15.3.1 Introduction
15.3.2 Utility of cellulose-based hydrogels in batteries
15.3.3 Advantages and challenges of CBH-based batteries
15.4 CBH in supercapacitors
15.4.1 Basics of supercapacitors
15.4.2 Cellulose-based supercapacitors
15.4.3 Cellulose-based hydrogels as electrode/electrolytes in supercapacitors
15.4.4 Advantages of CBH-based supercapacitors
15.5 Next-generation electrolytic scenario and future scope
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Cellulose-based hydrogels for fuel cell applications
Abstract
Keywords
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Importance of cellulose-based hydrogels
16.3 Synthesis and properties of cellulose-based hydrogel
16.3.1 Fabrication of cellulose-based hydrogel
16.3.2 Cellulose-based hydrogels: Properties and importance
16.3.3 Different applications of cellulose-based hydrogels
16.4 Overview of fuel cell
16.5 Cellulose-based hydrogel in fuel cell applications
16.5.1 Cellulose-based hydrogel as gel electrolyte and electrodes
16.5.2 Cellulose-based hydrogel in microbial fuel cell
16.5.3 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)
16.5.4 Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)
16.5.5 Anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC)
16.5.6 Enzymatic fuel cell
16.6 Scopes, future directions, and challenges of cellulose-based hydrogels in fuel cells
16.6.1 Scopes and challenges in phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC)
16.6.2 Scopes and challenges in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
16.6.3 Scopes and challenges in molten carbonate fuel cell
16.6.4 Scopes and challenges in direct borohydride fuel cell
16.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17 Cellulose-based hydrogels for wastewater treatment
Abstract
Keywords
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Wastewater treatment
17.1.2 Hydrogels for wastewater treatment
17.2 Wastewater contaminants
17.2.1 Organic contaminants
17.2.2 Inorganic contaminants
17.2.3 Industrial contaminants
17.2.4 Biological contaminants
17.3 Fundamentals of wastewater treatment
17.3.1 Mechanical treatment
17.3.2 Biological treatment
17.3.3 Chemical treatment
17.4 CBHs for wastewater treatment
17.4.1 Treatment of organic contaminants in wastewater
17.4.2 Treatment of inorganic contaminants in wastewater
17.4.3 Treatment of industrial contaminants in wastewater
17.4.4 Treatment of biological contaminants in wastewater
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Cellulose-derived hydrogels for environmental remediation
Abstract
Keywords
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Physical and chemical cross-linking of cellulose-derived hydrogel synthesis
18.3 Natural sources for cellulose extraction and derivatives
18.4 Stimuli-responsive properties of cellulose-derived hydrogel
18.5 Characterization and morphology of cellulose-derived hydrogels
18.6 Aqueous pollutants
18.7 Adsorption mechanism of dyes and heavy metals by cellulose-derived hydrogels
18.8 Factors affecting the adsorption capacity of cellulose-derived hydrogels
18.8.1 Cross-link density
18.8.2 Wastewater (aqueous) conditions
18.9 Competitive adsorption and selective release with aim of regeneration
18.10 Future perspectives: Addressing challenges and solutions for implementing hydrogel in continuous-mode industrial wastewater treatment
References
Chapter 19 Cellulose-based hydrogels in food industry
Abstract
Keywords
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Sources of cellulose-based hydrogel production
19.3 Types of hydrogels
19.3.1 Categorization of hydrogels based on origin
19.3.2 Categorization of hydrogels based on monomeric unit
19.3.3 Category of hydrogels
19.3.4 Categorization of hydrogels based on physical properties
19.3.5 Categorization of hydrogels based on configuration
19.3.6 Based on stimuli
19.3.7 Based on innovation
19.3.8 Based on the ionic charges
19.4 Cross-linking in CBHs
19.4.1 Physical cross-linking
19.4.2 Chemical cross-linking
19.5 Hydrogels from cellulose derivatives
19.5.1 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
19.5.2 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
19.5.3 Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
19.5.4 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
19.6 Applications of CBHs in food industry
19.6.1 Food biosensors
19.6.2 Hydrogels based on cellulose for the industry of food processing
19.6.3 Food packaging industry
19.6.4 Hydrogels derived from cellulose for use in healthy foods
19.7 Future prospects and opportunities
19.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20 Cellulose-based hydrogels: Biocompatibility, environmental impact, and sustainable management
Abstract
Keywords
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Background and challenges
20.3 Natural hydrogels and their derivatives
20.3.1 Cellulose-based hydrogels and cellulose derivatives
20.3.2 Applications of cellulose-based hydrogels
20.3.3 Environmental and health impacts
20.3.4 Recyclable and disposable CB hydrogels
20.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 21 Conclusion and future prospects of cellulose-based hydrogels
Abstract
Keywords
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Cellulose hydrogels for electronic and biosensing devices
21.3 Cellulose hydrogels for drug delivery systems
21.4 Cellulose hydrogels for environmental remediation
21.5 Cellulose coatings and packaging
21.6 Cellulose-based wound dressings
21.7 Cellulose use in catalysis and filtration
21.8 Commercial viability of cellulose-based hydrogels
21.9 Future horizons and conclusion
References
Index

Kalim Deshmukh

Dr. Kalim Deshmukh is a Senior Researcher at the New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. He has over 15 years of research experience in the field of synthesis, characterization and structure-property relationships in a wide variety of polymeric materials, polymer blends and nanocomposites for various technological applications. His research interest is mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization and property investigations of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different nanofillers including nanoparticles and carbon allotropes such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives for potential electronic applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Researcher, New Technologies - Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic

Shaswat Barua

Dr. Shaswat Barua is working as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Morigaon College, Assam, India. She has published several research papers in international journals and as well as book chapters in highly reputed books. Her research interests include novel materials and their therapeutic applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Analytical Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Assam Kaziranga University, Koraikhowa, NH-7, Jorhat, Assam, India

Swagata Baruah

Dr. Swagata Baruah earned her bachelor’s degree in Chemistry from Gauhati University, India, and completed her master’s from Tezpur University, India. In 2019 she obtained her Ph.D. from CSIR-NEIST, India, in Organic Chemistry. Presently, Dr. Baruah is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Morigaon College, Assam, India. She has published several research papers and book chapters in International Journals/Books of high repute. Her research interests include novel materials and their therapeutic applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Morigaon College, Department of Chemistry, India

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain is an Adjunct Professor and Director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), United States. His research is focused on the applications of nanotechnology and advanced materials, environmental management, analytical chemistry, and other various industries. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around 150 books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas.

Affiliations and expertise

Adjunct Professor and Director of laboratories, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Cellulose Based Hydrogels

Production, Properties, and Applications

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Kalim Deshmukh

Shaswat Barua

Swagata Baruah

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain