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Cellular Lipid in Health and Disease

1st Edition - August 3, 2023

Editor: James Mukasa Ntambi

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 5 8 3 - 6

Cellular Lipid in Health and Disease presents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the various roles lipids play in human biology.  This book is organized in four parts… Read more

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Cellular Lipid in Health and Disease presents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the various roles lipids play in human biology.

This book is organized in four parts covering the foundational concepts of lipid biology all the way to the therapeutic opportunities they present. The first part is dedicated to the basic concepts of cellular lipid, the roles it plays in the cell, structure and physiology, regulation mechanisms, storage, and utilization. The second part is focused on lipid metabolism, covering the organelles involved in lipid trafficking, metabolism in aging, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid droplets (LDs), and lipid oxidation. Part three is dedicated to the roles lipids play in specific disease states including renal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and fatty liver diseases. Other conditions include cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and the intricate relationship between cellular lipids and autophagy. The final part covers therapeutic opportunities, including drug carrier systems, modeling lipid metabolism, and prevention therapeutics.

Cellular Lipid in Health and Disease is a complete reference targeted at graduate students and early career researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Research physicians can also benefit from the foundational content and links to pathologies and therapeutic opportunities.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Structure and function of mammalian sphingolipids in health and disease
1. Sphingolipids
2. The biological space of sphingolipid structures
3. Metabolism of sphingolipids in mammalian cells
4. Physiological functions of sphingolipids
5. Diseases caused by dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism
Chapter 2. Intracellular lipid storage and utilization in adipocytes
1. Introduction
2. LD-associated protein families
3. Lipid hydrolysis
4. Other LD-associated proteins
5. Conclusions
Chapter 3. Metabolic control by lipid droplet proteins
1. Lipid droplet coat proteins
2. Proteins involved in lipid synthesis
3. Cytosolic lipases
4. Lysosomal lipolysis
5. LD–mitochondria interaction
6. LD–peroxisome interaction
7. Lipid droplet-endoplasmic reticulum association
8. Expansion, fission, and motility of LDs
9. Transcriptional control of metabolism by LD-localized proteins
Chapter 4. From endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus: the fate of cellular fatty acids
1. Introduction
2. Fatty acids
3. De novo synthesis versus beta-oxidation
4. Proteins modification by FA
5. Triacylglycerol
6. Phospholipids
7. Conclusion
Abbreviations
Chapter 5. Lipid trafficking and signaling in adipocytes
1. Lipid droplets in adipocyte
2. The development of lipid droplets and adipocytes
3. Developmental origin of adipose tissue
4. Lipid metabolism and signaling
Chapter 6. Cell and molecular basis for maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis
1. Feedback-mediated regulation of cholesterol synthesis
Chapter 7. Interplay between Phospholipid signaling and autophagy
1. Introduction
2. Crosstalk between phosphoinositides and mTOR in regulation of autophagy
3. Phosphoinositides and their effectors in autophagy
4. Phosphatidic acid and phospholipase D
5. Autophagy regulation by sphingolipids
6. Conclusion
Chapter 8. The role of cellular lipid metabolism in aging
1. Introduction
2. TG storage in LDs and aging
3. TG mobilization and aging
4. Deregulation of lipid metabolism during cellular aging
5. Lipid composition changes during cellular senescence
6. Bioactive lipids as senescence SASP factors
7. Reprograming of mitochondrial and lipid metabolism in senescent cells
8. Mitochondrial dysfunction in senescence SASP
9. Future directions
Chapter 9. Plasma lipid trafficking in type 2 diabetes
1. Introduction
2. Methods of plasma lipid measurements
3. Lipid contribution to type 2 diabetes and insulin signaling
4. Perspectives: advances in lipid quantification and mechanisms
Chapter 10. Lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease complications
1. Lipotoxicity in kidney diseases and complications of kidney diseases
2. The role of lipids and lipotoxicity in proximal tubular cells
3. Lipotoxicity induces vascular calcification and endoplasmic reticulum stress
4. SFAs induce vascular calcification through ER stress
5. A complex of cyclin-dependent kinase 9/Cyclin T1 mediates SFA-induced ER stress in VSMCs
6. SFAs inhibit autophagy in vascular calcification
7. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Cellular lipids in the molecular pathogenesis of obesity
1. Obesity
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Insulin resistance
4. Molecular alterations in obesity, T2DM, and insulin resistance
5. Physical activity, healthy diet, and drugs as an intervention
Chapter 12. Effects of cellular lipids on heart in pathology and physiology
1. Introduction
2. Fatty acid uptake in the heart
3. Regulation of lipogenesis in the heart
4. Lipolysis and cardiac metabolism
5. Fatty acid oxidation and cardiac physiology and pathology
6. Cytotoxic effects of diacylglycerols and ceramides in cardiomyocytes
7. Other sphingolipids and cardiolipin as regulators of heart metabolism
8. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Uncoupling of fat deposition and inflammation during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
1. Introduction
2. NAFLD pathogenesis
3. Uncoupling of fat deposition and inflammation during NAFLD pathogenesis
4. Uncoupling of fat deposition and inflammation during NAFLD management
5. Perspective
Chapter 14. Cellular lipids and colorectal cancer
1. Biological aspects of colorectal cancer
2. Lipid metabolism and obesity in the cancer microenvironment
3. Lipid signaling pathways in CRC and pharmacological/nutraceutical chemoprevention strategy
Chapter 15. Lipid metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases
1. Introduction
2. Brain cholesterol
3. Brain fatty acids
4. Conclusions
Chapter 16. Cellular lipids in B cell immunity, inflammation, and cancer
1. Introduction
2. Cellular lipids in B cell development and maturation
3. Lipids in B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation
4. Cellular lipid in regulatory B cell differentiation
5. Dysregulated cellular lipid in B cell autoimmune pathogenesis
6. Cellular lipid in B cell dysregulation during allergic disorders
7. Lipids in B cell antitumor immune response
8. Conclusions and perspectives
Chapter 17. Role of cellular fatty acids in combating the corona virus
1. Introduction
2. EPA and DHA's helpful effects in preventing COVID-19
3. Fatty acid defense against viral infection
4. Fatty acids antimicrobial activity
5. EPA and DHA's impact
6. Final thoughts and potential directions for future research
Chapter 18. Cellular lipids and viral infection
1. Introduction
2. Attachment and entry
3. Replication
4. Assembly
5. Therapeutics
Chapter 19. Acetyl-CoA and acetylation in biology and disease
1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis and transport of acetyl-CoA
3. Protein acetylation
4. ER acetylation
5. ER acetylation, proteostasis, and metabolic crosstalk
6. Dysfunctional ER acetylation and diseases
7. SLC25A1, SLC13A5, and the citrate/acetyl-CoA pathway
8. ER acetylation and translation
9. Mitochondrial acetylation
10. Nuclear acetylation
11. Cytosolic acetylation
12. O-acetylation of gangliosides
13. Conclusive remarks
Chapter 20. Role of omega-3 and -6 fatty acids in the inflammatory processes of obesity, hypertension, and autoimmunity
1. Structure, nomenclature, and synthesis of fatty acids
2. Modulation of inflammation by lipid-derived molecules [7]
3. Inflammatory response
4. Antiinflammatory diets
5. Dietary intervention in metabolic diseases
6. Inflammation in metabolic diseases
7. Obesity and inflammation
8. Rheumatic diseases and inflammation
9. Rheumatoid arthritis
10. Systemic lupus erythematosus
11. Sjögren’s syndrome
12. Gout
Index