Cell Physiology

PrefacePart I: An Introduction to the Cell Chapter 1 The Cell: A System of Compartments I. The General Organization of the Cell II. The Compartments of the Cell III. Are the Compartments Enclosed in Semipermeable Membranes? IV. Possible Functional Significance of Compartmentation Suggested Reading References Chapter 2 The Cell: A Dynamic System I. Changes Triggered by Changes in Physiological Conditions II. Secretion III. Endocytosis: Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis Suggested Reading ReferencesPart II: The Cell as a Genetic Units Chapter 3 Genetic Control of Cell Function I. The Genetic Control of Metabolism: Control of Enzyme Synthesis II. Linearity of the Genetic Code III. Nature of the Changes Induced in Proteins by Mutations; The Colinearity of the Genetic Code and the Protein Molecules IV. Chemical Basis of Inheritance Suggested Reading References Chapter 4 The Replication of DNA I. Properties of DNA Polymerases: The in Vitro Replication of DNA II. In Vivo Synthesis of DNA III. Replication of the Prokaryotic Chromosome IV. Replication of the Eukaryotic Chromosome V. Reverse Transcriptase VI.Summary Suggested Reading References Chapter 5 Transcription of the Genetic Message I. The Indirect Role of the Genetic Determinants II. The Machinery of Protein Synthesis III. RNA Containing the Information Necessary for the Synthesis of Specific Proteins IV. The in Vitro Transcription of RNA V. The Message Produced Inside Cells VI. The Transcription of the Synthetic Machinery VII. Summary Suggested Reading References Chapter 6 Translation of the Genetic Message I. The Reactions Involved in Protein Synthesis II. The Mechanism of Translation III. Interactions among the Different Components of the Synthesizing System IV. Protein Synthesis and Membranes Suggested Reading References Chapter 7 Extrachromosomal Inheritance I. Transfer of Genetic Information by Nonchromosomal Factors II. Interaction between Chromosomal and Extrachromosomal Determinants III. Genetic Characteristics of Extrachromosomal Determinants IV. Molecular Basis for Extrachromosomal Inheritance V. Extrachromosomal Inheritance without Genes VI. Summary Suggested Reading References Chapter 8 Interactions between the Organelles and the Nucleus I. Mitochondrial DNA: Its Genetic Significance II. The Synthesis of Proteins in Mitochondria III. The DNA of the Chloroplast IV. The Synthesis of the Proteins of the Chloroplast V. Interplay between Chromosomal Genes and the Organelles VI. Summary Suggested Reading References Chapter 9 Differentiation and the Control of Protein Synthesis I. The Genetic Complement Is Probably Unchanged by Differentiation II. The Unavailability of the Genome to Transcription III. Control of the Availability of the mRNA IV. Development and the Quality of the mRNA Produced V. Gene Reiteration and Amplification VI. The Role of the Cytoplasm in Development VII. Summary Suggested Reading ReferencesPart III: The Cell as a Transducer Chapter 10 Energy and Biological Systems I. Free Energy II. Coupled Reactions III. Redox Potentials IV. ?G as a Function of the Concentration of Reactants V. ?G0 VI. The Energy Cost of Transport VII. Muscle Contraction Suggested Reading References Chapter 11 Enzymes and the Regulation of Metabolism I. Chemical Reactions II. The Role of Enzymes III. Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions IV. Multienzyme Complexes V. Regulation of Metabolism VI. Interactions between the Various Mechanisms Suggested Reading References Chapter 12 Regulation of Metabolism: The Control of Macromolecules I. On and Off Switches II. Production and Degradation of Specific Enzymes III. Mechanisms of Control of Enzyme Production IV. Multiplicity of Controls in Protein Synthesis Suggested Reading References Chapter 13 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Organization I. General Considerations II. The Electron Transport Chain III. Oxidative Phosphorylation IV. Coupling of Electron Transport to the Translocation of Ions V. Mechanisms of Coupling VI. Correspondence between Structural and Biochemical Elements Suggested Reading References Chapter 14 Photosynthesis I. Chloroplasts and Analogous Structures II. The Events of Photosynthesis III. Photosynthetic Phosphorylation; Cyclic Photophosphorylation IV. The Production of Reducing Equivalents V. The Presence of Two Photochemical Systems VI. The Photosynthetic Units Suggested Reading References Chapter 15 The Cell Membrane: Transport and Permeability I. The Carriers II. Carrier Models III. The Energy Coupling IV. The Hunt for Carriers V. Vectorial Enzymes Suggested Reading References Chapter 16 The Cell Membrane: Transport of Ions I. Models of Active Transport II. The Coupling of the ATP Hydrolysis to Transport of Na+ III. The Transport ATPase System IV. Characterization of the Transport of ATPase V. The Hunt for Carriers Suggested Reading References Chapter 17 Excitation and Conduction I. Neurons: Units of Conduction II. The Resting III. Dynamics of the Membrane Potential IV. Electrogenic Pumps V. Transmission of Excitation between Cells Suggested Reading References Chapter 18 Mechanochemical Coupling: Motility in Various Systems I. High-Energy Phosphate and Motility II. Contraction in Striated Muscle III. Cilia and Flagella IV. Motility in Primitive Systems Suggested Reading References Chapter 19 Mechanochemical Coupling: Its Molecular Basis I. The Molecular Basis of Contraction II. Is the Sliding Filament Model Applicable to Other Muscle Systems? III. Is the Sliding Filament Model Applicable to Other Forms of Biological Movement? IV. Filaments and Tubules in Cells V. Triggering of Contraction Suggested Reading ReferencesIndex