Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

List of Contributors

General Preface

Preface to Volume 3


1 Integration of Pathways of Synthesis and Degradation of Hexose Phosphates

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Approach

III. Reductive Pentose Phosphate Pathway

IV. Gluconeogenesis

V. Oxidation of Hexose Phosphates

References


2 myo-Inositol: Biosynthesis and Metabolism

I. General Considerations

II. Biosynthesis

III. Metabolism

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


3 L-Ascorbic Acid: Metabolism, Biosynthesis, Function

I. General Considerations

11. Metabolism

111. Biosynthesis

IV. Function

V. Concluding Remarks

References


4 Sugar Nucleotide Transformations in Plants

I. Introduction

II. Activation of Monosaccharides-Kinases

III. Formation of Nucleotide Sugars

IV. Degradation of Nucleotide Sugars

V. Nucleotide Sugar Epimerases

VI. Biosynthesis of 6-Deoxyhexoses

VII. De Novo Synthesis of Uronic Acids: UDP-D-Glucose Dehydrogenase

VIII. De Novo Synthesis of UDP-D-Xylose:UDPD-D-Glucuronate Decarboxylase

IX. Miscellaneous Nucleotide Sugars and Derivatives

X. Control of Nucleotide Sugar Synthesis and Utilization

References


5 Branched-Chain Sugars: Occurrence and Biosynthesis

I. Introduction

II. D-Apiose

III. D-Hamamelose

IV. Branched-Chain Inositols

References


6 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Sucrose

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis of Sucrose

III. Sucrose as Photosynthate in C3 Plants and C4 Plants

IV. Sucrose Formation and Translocation in Germinating Seeds

V. Invertase and Invertase Inhibitor

VI. Inulins

References


7 Occurrence, Metabolism, and Function of Oligosaccharides

I. Introduction

II. Primary Oligosaccharides

III. Secondary Oligosaccharides

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


8 Translocation of Sucrose and Oligosaccharides

I. Introduction

II. Substances Translocated in the Phloem

III. Direction and Rates of Movement

IV. Structure of Functional Sieve Tubes

V. Mechanism of Long-Distance Transport

VI. Export Leaf Physiology

VII. Import Physiology

VIII. Regulation of Translocation at the Cellular Level

IX. Summary and Unresolved Problems

References


9 Structure and Chemistry of the Starch Granule

I. Occurrence and Isolation of Starch Granules

II. Physical Structure of the Granule

III. Disruption of the Granule

IV. The Biosynthesis of Starch Granules

V. Discussion

References


10 Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation

I. Introduction

II. Starch Biosynthesis

III. Starch Degradation

References


11 Conformation and Behavior of Polysaccharides in Solution

I. Introduction

II. Polysaccharide Conformational Analysis

III. Polysaccharide Solution Properties

IV. Refined Chain Models for Some Dissolved Polysaccharide Chains

References


12 Chemistry of Cell Wall Polysaccharides

I. Introduction

II. Cellulose

III. Noncellulosic β-D-Glucans

IV. Pectic Substances

V. Arabinogalactans

VI. Mannans, Glucomannans, and Galactoglucomannans

VII. Xylans

VIII. Xyloglucans

IX. Glucuronomannans

X. Interpolymeric Linkages in the Cell Wall

References


13 Structure and Function of Plant Glycoproteins

I. Introduction

II. Structure

III. Glycoprotein Function

IV. Evolution of Glycoproteins

V. Glycoprotein Futurology

References


14 The Biosynthesis of Cellulose

I. Introduction

II. Structure of Cellulose

III. Biochemistry of Cellulose Biosynthesis

IV. Physical Mechanisms of Cellulose Microfibril Formation

V. Orientation of Cellulose Microfibrils

VI. Unsolved Problems of Cellulose Biosynthesis

References

VII. Retrospect and Prospect


15 Glycolipids

I. Introduction

II. Glycosyl Diglycerides

III. Cerebroside

IV. Phytoglycolipids

V. Cardiac Glycosides and Heterosides

VI. Steryl Glucosides and Acylated Steryl Glucosides

VII. Lipid-Linked Saccharides

References


16 Biosynthesis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Glycoproteins

I. Introduction

II. Pectic Substances

III. Hemicelluloses

IV. Lipid-Linked Saccharides in Polysaccharide Synthesis

V. Site of Synthesis of Matrix Polysaccharides

VI. Glycoproteins of the Cell Wall

References

Index

Contents of Other Volumes