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Bus Transport

Economics, Policy and Planning

1st Edition - January 30, 2007

Author: David A. Hensher

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 7 6 2 3 - 1 4 0 8 - 9

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 6 9 5 8 - 4

The bus is the most patronised of all land–based public passenger mode but is seen as a somewhat unglamorous means of supporting mobility and accessibility, in contrast to rail –… Read more

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The bus is the most patronised of all land–based public passenger mode but is seen as a somewhat unglamorous means of supporting mobility and accessibility, in contrast to rail – heavy and light, yet offers so much to the travelling public as well as offering attractive sustainability opportunities. This book reflects the author’s perspective on issues of importance to the preservation and health of the bus sector. The twenty one chapters cover the themes of institutional reform, performance measurement and monitoring, service quality, costing and pricing of services including commercial and non-commercial contracts, travel choice and demand, integrated bus-based systems, and public transport policy, especially challenges in growing patronage.

Dedication
About the Author
List of Chapters and Previous Sources of Publication
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Organisation and ownership of public transport service
- 2.1 INTRODUCTION
- 2.2 ORGANISATIONAL REFORM DEVELOPMENTS
- 2.3 OTHER ISSUES
- 2.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ONGOING CONSIDERATION
Chapter 3: User needs and impact on public transport
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION
- 3.2 SERVICE EFFECTIVENESS IN DIVERSIFIED MARKETS
- 3.3 QUALITY PARTNERSHIPS
- 3.4 SERVICE EFFECTIVENESS AND CONTRACTS
- 3.5 RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter 4: Contracting options
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 4.2 Definitional Issues for Performance-Based Contracts (PBCs)
- 4.3 PROCURING SERVICES THROUGH COMPETITIVELY TENDERED OR NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS – THE ISSUES
- 4.4 PAYMENT MODELS
- 4.5 OTHER ISSUES
- 4.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ONGOING INQUIRY
- APPENDIX 4A THE CHILEAN PROPOSAL²²
- APPENDIX 4B THE INFORMAL OR ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT SECTOR: RELEVANT OR REDUNDANT?
Chapter 5: Contract areas and service quality issues in public transit provision: some thoughts on the european and australian context
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 CONTRACT AREA SIZE AND NUMBER
- 5.3 INTEGRATED FARES: REGULATORY CONTROL AND/OR GENUINE BENEFIT TO PASSENGERS?
- 5.4 CONCLUSIONS
- APPENDIX 5A THE IMPACT OF FARES AND TICKETING INTEGRATION ON PATRONAGE INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES
- APPENDIX 5B CONTRACT AREA SIZE: THE ADELAIDE VIEW
Chapter 6: Performance-based quality contracts in bus service provision
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 THE APPEAL OF PBC
- 6.3 THE HORDALAND (NORWAY) AND NEW ZEALAND MODELS: A HEALTHY STARTING POSITION
- 6.4 A PROPOSED PERFORMANCE-BASED QUALITY CONTRACT REGIME FOR AUSTRALIA
- 6.5 CONCLUSION
Chapter 7: Performance-based quality contracts for the bus sector: Delivering social and commercial value for money
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 INCENTIVE-BASED PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS
- 7.3 THE AUSTRALIAN PBC PROPOSITION
- 7.4 A CASE STUDY FOR THE OUTER METROPOLITAN AREA OF SYDNEY
- 7.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Chapter 8: Delivering value for money to government through efficient and effective public transit service continuity: Some thoughts
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 THE INDISPUTABLE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE OF GOVERNMENT ON BEHALF OF SOCIETY
- 8.3 TRUST, COOPERATION AND COLLABORATION
- 8.4 SUPPORTING EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH THE LIFE OF A CONTRACT (AND NOT AT THE TIME OF TENDERING)
- 8.5 ASSET OWNERSHIP – A KEY ISSUE LINKED TO THE BOUNDARIES OF A TRANSIT OPERATOR'S BUSINESS
- 8.6 CONCLUSIONS
- APPENDIX 8A ACHIEVEMENTS OF COMPETITIVE TENDERING, AGAINST THE MAJOR GOALS OF CUTTING SERVICE COSTS AND IMPROVING SERVICE QUALITY
- APPENDIX 8B COMPETITIVE TENDERING – TOO MUCH FOCUS ON THIS INSTEAD OF THE BIGGER AGENDA
- APPENDIX 8C EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF PUBLIC FUNDS
Chapter 9: Melbourne's Public Transport Franchising: Lessons for PPPs
- 9.1 SCOPE
- 9.2 TRAIN AND TRAM FRANCHISING IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
- 9.3 ANTECEDENTS
- 9.4 OUTCOMES FROM FRANCHISING
- 9.5 OVERVIEW
- 9.6 WHY HAS THE PROCESS FAILED TO DELIVER?
- 9.7 MELBOURNE'S EMERGING NEW ARRANGEMENTS
- 9.8 CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Chapter 10: Establishing a Fare Elasticity Regime for Urban Passenger Transport
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 MICROECONOMIC SPECIFICATION OF THE INDIRECT UTILITY FUNCTION FOR CHOICE ALTERNATIVES
- 10.3 SPECIFYING A CHOICE MODEL
- 10.4 THE EMPIRICAL CONTEXT
- 10.5 EMPIRICAL RESULTS
- 10.6 CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 11: Preserving the symmetry of estimated commuter travel elasticities
- 11.1 INTRODUCTION
- 11.2 CHOICE AND ORDINARY ELASTICITIES
- 11.3 AGGREGATE DEMAND AND HEV PROPERTIES
- 11.4 THE MODEL
- 11.5 THE EMPIRICAL CONTEXT
- 11.6 RESULTS
- 11.7 INDICATIVE COMPARISONS WITH OTHER ESTIMATES
- 11.8 CONCLUSIONS
- APPENDIX 11A THE STATED CHOICE EXPERIMENT FARE CATEGORIES AND LEVELS
- APPENDIX 11B ORIGINAL AND ADJUSTED MATRICES OF COMMUTER DEMAND ELASTICITIES
- APPENDIX 11C HEV MODEL: JOINT ESTIMATION OF SP AND RP CHOICES
Chapter 12: TRESIS (Transport and Environmental Strategy Impact Simulator): A Case Study
- 12.1 INTRODUCTION
- 12.2 DETAILED BACKGROUND TO TRESIS
- 12.3 APPLICATION ISSUES
- 12.4 WARRINGAH CASE STUDY
- 12.5 CONCLUSIONS
- APPENDIX 12A TRESIS 1.4 OUTPUTS
Chapter 13: Productivity Measurement in the Urban Bus Sector
- 13.1 INTRODUCTION
- 13.2 MEASURING PERFORMANCE – TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
- 13.3 DATA REQUIREMENTS AND THE SOURCING OF DATA
- 13.4 DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF THE URBAN BUS SECTOR 1991/1992
- 13.5 GROSS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
- 13.6 CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Chapter 14: A service quality index for area-wide contract performance assessment
- 14.1 INTRODUCTION
- 14.2 THE SEARCH FOR AN OPERATIONAL INDICATOR OF SERVICE QUALITY
- 14.3 THE STATED PREFERENCE PARADIGM
- 14.4 DEFINING THE EMPIRICAL SETTING AND THE SP EXPERIMENT
- 14.5 RESULTS OF THE USER PREFERENCE MODEL
- 14.6 THE SERVICE QUALITY INDICATOR (SQI)
- 14.7 OPERATIONALISING SQI AS A REGULATORY TOOL
- 14.8 CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 15: Developing a service quality index (SQI) in the provision of commercial bus contracts
- 15.1 BACKGROUND
- 15.2 DATA REQUIREMENTS AND ATTRIBUTE SELECTION FOR SERVICE QUALITY MEASUREMENT
- 15.3 SAMPLE RESPONSE
- 15.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO QUANTIFY SERVICE QUALITY
- 15.5 CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 16: Non-commercial contract reimbursement: the institute of transport studies (ITS) model
- 16.1 INTRODUCTION
- 16.2 QUALITY OF SURVEY DATA
- 16.3 THE ITS MODEL
- 16.4 JUSTIFIABLE FACTORS FOR 2003
- 16.5 COMPARISON OF PWC AND ITS MODELS
- 16.6 UPDATING COSTS TO CURRENT DOLLARS
- 16.7 SUMMARY
- APPENDIX 16A NON-COMMERCIAL CONTRACT COST INDEX SURVEY WITH NOTES
- APPENDIX 16B ITS MODEL: ACC WORKSHEET
- APPENDIX 16C BUSINESS LOAN RATES
- APPENDIX 16D ITS MODEL AND PWC MODEL SUMMARY SHEETS, 2002
- APPENDIX 16E ITS MODEL AND PWC MODEL SUMMARY SHEETS, 2003
- APPENDIX 16F TOTAL REVENUE REQUIRED PER BUS, PWC MODEL VS. ITS MODEL, $, 2002, BY CONTRACT CATEGORY
- APPENDIX 16G TOTAL REVENUE REQUIRED PER BUS, PWC MODEL VS. ITS MODEL, $ 2003, BY CONTRACT CATEGORY
- APPENDIX 16H COMMERCIAL CONTRACT KPIS 2001–2002(INDIVIDUAL OPERATOR NAMES HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED)
- APPENDIX 16I NON-COMMERCIAL CONTRACT SUMMARY KPIS, 2001–2002
Chapter 17: A bus-based transitway or light rail? Continuing the saga on choice versus blind commitment
- 17.1 INTRODUCTION
- 17.2 TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT LIGHT RAIL AND BUS-BASED TRANSITWAYS
- 17.3 MORE ON THE COST OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS
- 17.4 MORE ON PATRONAGE?
- 17.5 IMPACTS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES ON LAND USE
- 17.6 AN ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT EXPERIENCE
- 17.7 CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 18: The future of exclusive busways: the Brazilian experience
- 18.1 INTRODUCTION
- 18.2 BRAZIL: NATIONAL HISTORY AND PROFILE
- 18.3 CONCLUSION
- APPENDIX 18A INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
Chapter 19: The imbalance between car and public transport use in urban Australia: why does it exist?
- 19.1 INTRODUCTION
- 19.2 THE CHALLENGES FACING PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- 19.3 WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT?
- 19.4 LOOKING FOR NICHES: NOW YOU ARE TALKING SENSE
- 19.5 THE BRITISH CHALLENGE TO TRY AND REDRESS THE IMBALANCE
- 19.6 TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT LIGHT RAIL OR TRAMS
- 19.7 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS: THE KEY CHALLENGES REMAIN
- APPENDIX 19A URBAN PASSENGER TRAVEL ACTIVITY IN AUSTRALIA
Chapter 20: Urban public transport delivery in Australia: issues and challenges in retaining and growing patronage
- 20.1 INTRODUCTION
- 20.2 BIG THEMES AND KEY SENTIMENTS
- 20.3 PRACTICES THAT OFFER PATRONAGE OPPORTUNITIES
- 20.4 THREE HIGH AGENDA THEMES TO GROW PATRONAGE
- 20.5 CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Chapter 21: Urban public transport agendas and challenges
- 21.1 INTRODUCTION
- 21.2 CHANGING THE BALANCE IN FAVOUR OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- 21.3 THE ONGOING DEBATE ON TECHNOLOGICAL FORMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT: BUS SYSTEMS AND LIGHT RAIL REVISITED YET AGAIN!
- 21.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND BUSES
- 21.5 SERVICE QUALITY AND YOUR CUSTOMERS: THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE
- 21.6 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS: TRANSPORT-FRIEND OR FOE?
References
Subject Index