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Building Blocks in Paediatrics
- 1st Edition - August 6, 2022
- Authors: Alf Nicholson, Kevin Dunne
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 3 4 2 1 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 3 4 2 3 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 3 4 2 2 - 3
This book from experienced paediatricians Professor Alf Nicholson and Professor Kevin Dunne covers the essential elements needed throughout the career of those who treat ch… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThis book from experienced paediatricians Professor Alf Nicholson and Professor Kevin Dunne covers the essential elements needed throughout the career of those who treat children and adolescents.
Based on the current paediatric training curriculum, this book includes the core basics (section 1), the various symptom-based presentations (section 2) all with input from renowned sub-specialists in Paediatrics, the common presentations relating to age that are seen in primary care (section 3) and the skills you need to have to be a successful trainee or consultant in Paediatrics (section 4). All of the chapters have high quality clinical and radiology images as appropriate and have additional typical case scenarios to highlight the learning points.
This book is unique in that it caters for undergraduate students through to postgraduate trainees in paediatrics or general practice, and the working GP or consultant.
- Clinical vignettes to highlight key learning points
- Over 90 case scenarios sprinkled throughout the book with clinical pearls, interpretation of investigations and pitfalls to avoid for each scenario
- List of key points to be obtained from a consultation to support doctors in the clinic
- All key procedures in neonatology and paediatrics are covered
- Problem-solving practice to test knowledge
- Section 4 hosts unique chapters not least safe practice, dealing with uncertainty, the avoidance of errors, ethical dilemmas, ECG and laboratory interpretation of results, neonatal and paediatric procedures and critical journal reading
- High-quality clinical pictures, cardiac pictures, ECGs and radiology images to support learning
- Content suitable for students, GPs and specialists
- Includes 20 podcasts
Medical students, postgraduate paediatric students (3779 in 2015 however the NHS is planning on expanding these numbers), recent graduates, GPs (41,985 in the UK)
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- Dedication
- Section 1. The Core Essentials
- 1. The Big Picture in Child Health
- Research in Paediatrics
- Immunisation
- Screening for Hearing Loss
- 2. Taking a History
- Introduction
- Presenting Symptoms
- History of Presenting Complaint
- The Adolescent History
- HEEADSSS Screening Tool
- Home and Relationships
- 3. The Paediatric Examination
- A Different Approach
- The Power of Observation
- The Cardiovascular Examination
- Auscultation
- The Respiratory Examination
- The Three Key Questions in the Respiratory Examination
- Abdominal Examination
- Auscultation
- 4. The Newborn and the Six-Week Examination
- Newborn Examination
- Clinical Examination
- Examination of the Face
- Examination of the Nose
- Examination of the Eyes
- Examination of the Mouth
- Examination of the Ears
- Examination of the Neck
- Examination of the Cardiovascular System
- Examination of the Respiratory System
- Examination of the Abdomen
- Examination of the Genitalia
- Examination of the Spine
- Examination of the Upper Limbs
- Examination of the Lower Limbs
- Examination of the Hips
- Examination of the Central Nervous System
- Examination of Central Tone
- Examination of Peripheral Tone
- Examination for Normal Newborn Reflexes
- Baseline Measurements
- The Six-Week Check
- 5. Feeding Issues and Faltering Growth
- Breast-Feeding Issues
- Nipple and Breast Pain
- Low Milk Supply
- Successful Breast-Feeding
- Vomiting in Early Infancy
- Faltering Growth
- Food Refusal
- 6. Growth and Puberty
- Normal Growth
- Measuring Children
- Familial Factors
- Normal Pubertal Development
- Ambiguous Genitalia
- Delayed Puberty
- Evaluating a Child With Short Stature
- Small for Gestational Age
- Glucocorticoid Excess
- GH Therapy
- 7. Understanding Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
- International Epidemic of Childhood Obesity
- Prevention of Obesity in Childhood
- Definition of Childhood Obesity
- Consequences of Childhood Obesity
- Causes of Childhood Obesity
- Investigations
- Management
- Bariatric surgery for obesity in adolescence
- Medical Complications of Obesity
- Section 2. A Symptom-Based Approach
- 8. Common Problems in Newborns
- Term Infants
- Examination
- Management
- Newborns With Breathing Difficulties
- Neurological Problems
- Jitteriness
- Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus
- Erb’s Palsy
- Klumpke’s Palsy
- Facial Nerve Palsy
- Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB) of the Newborn
- Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
- Care of the Preterm Infant
- Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Retinopathy of Prematurity
- 9. Evaluating the Dysmorphic Child
- Inheritance Patterns
- Components of a Dysmorphic Evaluation
- Summary of Management Guidelines
- Dysmorphic Features and Recognition of Selected Other Syndromes
- 10. Anaemia – The Pale Child
- History
- Iron Deficiency Anaemia
- Beta Thalassaemia
- G6PD
- Sickle Cell Anaemia (SS Disease)
- Acute Leukaemia
- 11. Congenital Heart Disease
- Antenatal Screening for Congenital Heart Disease
- Coarctation of the Aorta
- Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Management of Hypercyanotic Spells
- Tricuspid Atresia
- Chest Pains in Childhood
- Syncope in Childhood
- 12. The Child With a Cough
- Clues From the History
- Clues from the Examination
- Specific Clinical Pointers to a Diagnosis
- Asthma
- Chronic Respiratory Conditions
- 13. The Child With Diarrhoea
- Acute Gastroenteritis
- Chronic Non-Specific Diarrhoea (or Toddler Diarrhoea)
- Lactose Intolerance
- Coeliac Disease
- Giardiasis
- 14. Diabetes Mellitus in Childhood and Adolescence
- Clinical Features
- Management
- Education in Newly Diagnosed Diabetics (Table 14.1)
- Pre- and Post-Operative Care of the Diabetic Child
- General Resuscitation
- Fluid Management
- Potassium
- Insulin therapy
- Oral fluids
- Complications of DKA: Cerebral Oedema
- Idiopathic Cerebral Oedema (Table 14.2)
- Long-Term Management of Type 1 DM
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Maturity-Onset Diabetes in the Young (MODY)
- Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD)
- Neonatal Diabetes
- 15. The Child with a Fever
- Fever in Children Under 2 Years Old
- Measurement of Temperature in Infants and Children
- Recognition of Sepsis
- Sepsis 6 Algorithm
- Common Causes of Fever in Infants and Children
- 16. Food Allergies in Children
- The Allergy Focused History
- What Symptoms Are There and Does the Food Cause Symptoms on Every Occasion?
- Diagnostic Tests
- Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA)
- Prognosis of CMA and CMPI
- Egg Allergy
- Peanut Allergy
- Soya Milk Allergy
- Fish and Shellfish Allergy
- Anaphylaxis
- 17. The Child With Frequent Infections
- The Immune Response
- The Genetic Basis of Inborn Errors of Immunity
- Maturation of the Immune System
- Secondary Immunodeficiency
- Key Points in the History
- Other Medical History
- Full Blood Count (FBC)
- Lymphocyte Subset Analysis
- Serum Immunoglobulins
- Vaccine-Specific Antibody Titres
- Complement Levels and Function (CH50/AH50 Tests)
- HIV Disease in Infants and Children
- Diagnosis
- 18. The Child With Headaches
- Physical Examination
- Cranial Nerve Examination
- Neuroimaging
- Tension headaches
- Migraine
- Cluster Headaches
- Identifying Brain Tumours
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)
- 19. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Neonatal Presentations
- Presentations Beyond the Neonatal Period
- 20. Joint Pains in Childhood
- Non-Inflammatory or Inflammatory Joint Pain
- History and Examination
- Laboratory and Radiology Studies
- Joint Hypermobility Syndrome
- Evaluating Acute Limp in Childhood
- Common Variants in the Legs Causing Parental Concern
- 21. Problems Relating to the Kidneys
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Obtaining a Urine Sample
- Hypertension in Childhood
- Proteinuria
- Haematuria
- 22. Neurodisability
- Cerebral Palsy
- Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
- Physical Examination
- Gait assessment
- Classification of cerebral palsy
- Managing CP
- Assessment of the Floppy Infant
- Spinal Cord Issues
- Transverse myelitis
- Neuropathies
- Myopathies
- Roles of Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Members in the Provision of Services to Children With Neurodisability
- 23. The Child with a Rash
- Common Skin Disorders in Paediatric Skin of Colour
- Managing More Severe Atopic Dermatitis
- 24. Safeguarding Infants and Children
- Physical abuse
- Emotional abuse
- Neglect
- Online Abuse
- Reporting Child Abuse
- Consequences of Child Maltreatment
- Risk Factors
- Prevention of maltreatment
- Recognising Child Abuse
- Acting Upon Child Maltreatment Concerns
- Abusive Head Trauma (AHT)
- 25. The Child With a Seizure
- Background
- Diagnostic Approach to Assessing a Child With Seizures
- Seizure and Epilepsy Classification
- Indications for Investigations
- Confirm Epilepsy Diagnosis and Define Epilepsy Type
- Anticonvulsants Used in Status Epilepticus:
- Basic Principles of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)
- Non-Epileptic Events That Mimic Epileptic Seizures
- 26. Severe Illness in Infancy and Childhood
- Rapid Assessment Using the ABCDE Approach
- Upper Airway Obstruction
- Acute Severe Asthma
- The Unconscious Child
- Stabilisation
- Rapid Clinical Assessment
- Pupillary responses
- Finding the Cause
- Sepsis with shock
- Hyperammonaemia
- Meningitis or encephalitis
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Intoxication/poisoning
- Trauma
- Hypertension with encephalopathy
- Intracerebral bleed
- Malfunction of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
- Investigations at Presentation
- Timing of Lumbar Puncture (LP)
- The Seriously Injured Child
- 27. Surgical Problems in Infancy and Childhood
- Thoracic
- Abdomen
- Meckel’s diverticulum
- Inguinal Region and Scrotum
- Urology
- Neoplasms
- Section 3. Paediatrics in Everyday Practice
- 28. Common Presentations in Infancy
- Normal Crying Pattern
- Infant Colic
- History
- Differential Diagnoses
- Infant With a Large Head
- 29. Frequent Flyers in the Toddler Years
- Sleep Disorders in Infants and Children
- 30. Issues in School-Going Children
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Inattention Features
- Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
- Treatment of ADHD
- Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)
- Diagnostic Criteria for DCD
- Tics
- Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
- Symptoms
- Assessment
- Screening for OSA in High-Risk Groups
- Nocturnal Enuresis
- Physiological Development of Continence
- Causes of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis
- Reduced Bladder Capacity
- Inability to Wake During Sleep in Response to Need to Void
- Genetics
- Nocturnal Polyuria
- Psychological Issues
- Investigations
- Management
- Preliminary Approach
- Oral Intake
- Voiding
- Non-Pharmacological
- Lifting
- Enuresis Alarms
- Pharmacological Management
- Dysfunctional Voiding With Daytime Enuresis
- Head Lice in Children
- Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Wet Combing or Bug-Busting
- 31. Adolescent Health
- Adolescence
- Why Adolescent Health Is Important
- What Makes Adolescents Unique?
- Eating Disorders
- Adolescent Mental Health
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
- Transition to Adult Services
- Section 4. The Skills Required to Be a Successful Paediatrician
- 32. Clinical Reasoning and the Clinical Consultation
- How to Run a Clinic
- Becoming a Good Diagnostician
- Dealing With Uncertainty
- A Method of Consultation to Reduce Error
- Information Overload
- Wellness and Health in Doctors
- Developing resilience
- 33. Learning From Clinical Events
- A New Landscape
- Safe Practice
- Responding to Errors
- Safe HealthCare in Hospitals
- Diagnoses Easily Missed in Paediatrics
- The Newborn Examination
- The 6-Week Check
- Infancy
- Toddlers
- School-Going Children
- Adolescence
- 34. Illness Without Disease
- Somatisation
- Functional Abdominal Pain (FAP)
- Treatment Approach
- Other Symptoms Due to Somatisation
- 35. Professionalism, Advocacy and Ethics in Child Health
- Professionalism
- Key Ethical Principles in Child Health
- 36. Interpretation of Laboratory Results
- 37. ECG Interpretation
- ECG Interpretation and Cardiac Arrythmias
- Step One: Determine the Rate and Rhythm
- Step Two: Evaluate the PR, QRS and QT Intervals
- Step Three: Evaluate the QRS and P Wave Axis
- Step Four: Evaluate for Right and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- 38. Critical Appraisal of the Literature
- Keeping Up To Date With the Medical Literature
- Critical Appraisal
- Location and Selection of Studies
- Study Design
- Randomised Controlled Trials
- Systematic Reviews
- 39. Practical Procedures in Neonatology and Paediatrics
- Introduction
- Preparation Prior to the Procedure: General Principles
- Umbilical Catheterisation in Newborns
- Inserting an Umbilical Arterial Catheter
- Inserting an Umbilical Venous Catheter
- Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
- Intravenous Cannulation
- Capillary Samples
- Intraosseous Access
- Radial Artery Cannulation
- Endotracheal Intubation
- Chest Drain Placement
- Lumbar Puncture
- Good Preparation
- Good Nursing Assistance
- Good Technique
- CSF Interpretation
- Interpretation of a Bloody Tap
- Insertion of a Nasogastric (NG) Tube
- Index
- No. of pages: 420
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: August 6, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323834216
- eBook ISBN: 9780323834230
- eBook ISBN: 9780323834223
AN
Alf Nicholson
***
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Paediatrics and Head of the School of Medicine, RCSI BahrainKD
Kevin Dunne
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Paediatrics, RCSI Bahrain