Boron Fluoride and Its Compounds as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry

Introduction

I. Methods for the Preparation and Recovery of Boron Fluoride

1. Methods for the Preparation of Boron Fluoride

2. A Brief Evaluation of the Methods for the Preparation of Boron Fluoride

3. Methods of Recovery of Boron Fluoride

II. Physical and Chemical Properties of Boron Fluoride and Its Derivatives

1. Physical Properties

2. Chemical Properties

3. Derivatives of Boron Fluoride and Their Reactions

III. Coordination Compounds of Boron Fluoride

1. Coordination Compounds of Boron Fluoride with Inorganic Substances

2. Coordination Compounds of Boron Fluoride with Organic Substances

IV. Compounds of Boron with Hydrogen and Their Physico-Chemical Properties

1. Physical Properties of Boranes

2. Chemical Properties of Boranes

3. Methods of Preparation of Boranes

4. Methods of Preparation of Derivatives of Boranes

V. Compounds of Boron Fluoride in Alkylation Reactions

1. Alkylation of Isoparaffins with Olefines

2. Alkylation of Naphthene Hydrocarbons with Olefines

3. Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Olefines and Their Derivatives

4. Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Substituted Olefines

5. Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Acetylene and Diene Compounds

6. Destructive Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Paraffins

7. Alkylation of Benzene and Its Homologues with Alkyl Halides

8. Alkylation of Benzene and Its Homologues with Alcohols

9. Alkylation of Benzene and Its Homologues with Ethers and Esters

10. Alkylation of Naphthalene and Other Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

11. Alkylation of Phenols and Their Derivatives

12. Alkylation of Heterocyclic Compounds

13. Alkylation of Acetoacetic Ester

14. Alkylation of Amines

VI. Boron Fluoride Compounds in Polymerization Reactions

1. Polymerization of Olefines

2. Polymerization of Vinyl- and Allyl-Derivatives of Carbo- and Heterocyclic Compounds

3. Polymerization of Acetylenic and Dienic Compounds

4. Polymerization of Terpenes and Other Compounds

5. Copolymerization of Unsaturated Compounds

VII. the Addition of Organic Substances Containing Oxygen or Sulphur to Ethylenic Compounds

1. Addition of Water and Alcohols to Olefines

2. Reactions of Ethylenic Compounds with Acetals, Alkyl Halides, Anhydrides and Aldehydes

3. Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Olefines and Their Substituted Derivatives

4. Reactions of Ketene

5. Reactions of Ethylenic Compounds with Organic Substances Containing Sulphur

VIII. The Addition of Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen to Acetylenic and Dienic Hydrocarbons

1. Addition of Water and Alcohols to Acetylenic Compounds

2. Addition of Alcohols to Dienic Hydrocarbons

3. Addition of Carboxylic Acids and Chloroanhydrides to Acetylenic and Dienic Compounds

4. Additions of Arylamines to Acetylenic Hydrocarbons

IX. Isomerization and Cyclization Reactions

1. Isomerization of Hydrocarbons

2. Isomerization of Vinylethinylcarbinols

3. Isomerization of Alkylphenyl Ethers

4. Rearrangements Connected with the Migration of the Halogen Atom in the Benzene Ring

5. Rearrangements of Compounds Containing Nitrogen

6. Cis-Trans-Isomerization and Cyclization

X. Nitration and Sulphonation Reactions

1. Nitration

2. Sulphonation

XI. Condensation Reactions in the Presence of Boron Fluoride

1. Condensation of Carbon Monoxide with Olefines, Alcohols and Ethers

2. Reactions of A-Oxides

3. Various Reactions for Preparing Ethers and Esters

4. Condensation of Aldehydes

5. Acylation Reactions

XII. Various Reactions Which Are Carried Out in the Presence of Boron Fluoride

1. The Cracking Reaction

2. Dealkylation and Disproportionation

3. Separation and Purification of Hydrocarbons By Means of Boron Fluoride Compounds

Supplementary References on Boron Fluoride

(Subject Index)