Blood Platelets in Man and Animals

PrefaceIntroduction to Volume 1Chapter I. General Aspects A. Historical B. Nomenclature C. General Papers and Surveys D. DocumentationChapter II. Platelet Origin-The Megakaryocytic Series Summary A. Demonstration of the Megakaryocyte Origin of Platelets B. Megakaryocytes in Normal Conditions C. Megakaryocytes in Pathological Conditions D. Regulation of Thrombocytopoiesis E. EmbryologyChapter III. Methods of Separation and Study Summary Techniques of Separation and Fractionation A. General Considerations for Platelet Separation B. Technique of Platelet Separation C. Platelet Fractionation and Extraction Platelet Enumeration A. Direct Methods using Chambers B. Indirect Methods C. Nephelometry (Turbidimetry) D. Electronic Methods Methods for an Isotope Labelling of Platelets I. "In Vivo" Platelet Labelling II. "In Vitro" Platelet Labelling III. A General Critique IV. Conclusion Thrombelastography as Applied to PlateletsChapter IV: Morphology and Physical Properties Summary Platelet Morphology I. "In Vivo" Examination: Methods and Data II. Methods of Morphological Observation: A Short Survey III. Pseudo-Platelets and Chylomicrons IV. General Aspect and Dimensions V. Platelet Ultra-Structure VI. Morphological Evolution of Platelets VII. Platelet Morphology in Pathological Conditions Physical Properties 1. Platelet Density and Sedimentation Rate 2. Surface Tension 3. Electrical Properties 4. Osmotic and Mechanical ResistanceChapter V. Survival and Preservation Summary A. Definition of Platelet Life-Span B. Methods for Evaluation of Platelet Life-Span C. Platelet Ageing D. "In Vitro" Preservation E. Platelet Utilization or Destruction F. Experimental or Pathological Variations in Platelet SurvivalChapter VI. Biochemistry Summary Introduction to the Study of Platelet Biochemistry Analytical and Histochemical Data I. Water Content and Mineral Composition II. Glucides III. Amino Acids—Polypeptides and Protides IV. Lipids V. Puric and Pyrimidic Bases, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids VI. Other Constituent Substances VII. Substances Probably not Contained in but Carried by Platelets VIII. Chemistry of Platelet Fractions Enzymes and Metabolism I. Evidence of Platelet Respiration II. Platelet Enzymes: A General Presentation III. Evolution of Metabolic Activities of Platelet During Storage IV. Physio-Pathological Implications of Platelet MetabolismChapter VII. Physiological and Experimental Variations in the Number of Platelets Summary Physiological Variations A. Variation at Different Ages B. Sex- or Race-Conditioned Variations C. Menstruation D. Pregnancy E. Other Physiological Variations F. Seasonal or Environmental Factors Experimental Variations A. Experimental Evidence of the Rôle of Spleen B. Rôle of Endocrines C. Physical or Neurogenic Stimuli-Adrenaline D. Influence of Macromolecular Substances E. Influence of Heparin, Anticoagulants and Various other Agents F. Influence of Lipemia G. Exsanguination H. Influence of Transfusions I. Extra Corporeal Circulation (ECC) J. Operations K. Influence of Shock, Allergy, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Endotoxin, etc. L. Burns M. Radiations N. VenomsChapter VIII. Elementary Properties of Platelets Summary Platelet Adhesiveness A. Technical Methods B. Experimental Studies C. Pathological Variations D. Conclusion Platelet Aggregability A. Technical Methods B. Experimental Studies C. Role of Adenosine Diphosphate D. Physiological Significance E. Variation of Platelet Aggregability under Pathological Conditions Viscous Metamorphosis A. Historical: A Morphologic Definition B. Experimental Studies C. A Biochemical Definition D. Physiological Significance E. Pathological Variations Blood Platelets and Clot Retraction 1. Historical Considerations 2. Methods of Study 3. Analytical Studies 4. Further Demonstration of the Rôle of Platelets 5. Retractozyme and other Retracting Factors 6. Mechanism 7. Physiological Significance 8. Pathological Variations Adsorption Properties and Antixenic Function of Platelet A. General Adsorption Properties B. Ability to Engulf Foreign Particles C. Ability to Surround Bacteria D. Ability to Adsorb Viruses E. Bactericidal or Lytic Properties F. Antixenic Function Platelets and Serotonin A. Historical Introduction B. Numerical Data C. Binding of 5-HT by Platelets D. Liberation of Serotonin from Platelets E. Effect of Exogenous Serotonin on the Number of Platelets F. Effect of Serotonin Platelets and Clotting Factors "In Vitro" G. Serotonin in Hemorrhagic Diatheses H. Hemostatic Action of Serotonin I. Other Clinical Implications J. Technical ApplicationsChapter IX. Platelet Functions in Coagualtion, Hemostatis and Thrombogenesis Role of Platelets in Blood Coagulation A. Historical B. Interpretation of Plasma Coagulation Reactions C. Evidence that Platelets are Involved in Coagulation D. Inventory of Platelet Clotting Factors E. Platelet Factor 1 F. Platelet Factor 2 G. Platelet Factor 3 H. Platelet Factor 4 (Antiheparin Factor) I. Other Platelet Factors Involved in Blood Clotting J. Inhibitors K. Platelets and Fibrinolysis L. Modifications Undergone by Platelets during Coagulation M. Platelets in Hemophilia and Congenital Coagulopathies N. Coagulation Defects in Platelet Diseases Role of Platelets in Hemostatis (and Thrombogenesis) A. Presentation of the Problem B. Mechanisms of Hemostasis C. Permanent Hemostatic Rôle of Platelets D. Platelet Rôle in ThrombogenesisChapter X. Platelet Immunology Summary Platelet Antigens A. Constituent Proteins B. Cytospecific Antigens C. Heterophile Antigens and Antigenic Community Between Human and Animal Platelets D. Antigens Common to other Tissues E. Blood Group (Factor) Antigens in Common with Red Cells F. Specific Platelet Groups Platelet Antibodies in Man A. Techniques of Study B. Classification and Nature of the Platelet Antibodies Platelet Antibodies in Animals: Heterologous Platelet Antisera Methods of Preparation and Titration Specificity Action of APS "In Vivo" Action of APS "In Vitro" Other Experimental Data Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpuras A. Auto-Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpuras B. Iso-Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpuras Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenic Purpuras Sedormid Purpura Quinidine- and Quinine-Induced Purpuras Evidence of an Immunologic Origin of Thrompocytopenic Purpura Mechanisms of the Immunization and General Ideas about the Chemical Specificity An Inventory of Drugs Responsible for Toxic or Allergic ThrombocytopeniasChapter XI. Platelet Diseases Summary Platelet Functional Pathology General Considerations Analysis of Platelet Functions Clinical Applications Thrombocytopenic Purpuras Classification of Purpuras Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Secondary (or Symptomatic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura Thrombocythemia and Related Conditions Nosology Hereditary Platelet Dysfunctions A. Constitutional Platelet Factor 3 Deficiency B. Thrombasthenia C. Von Willebrand's Disease D. Platelet Abnormalities in Hereditary DiseasesChapter XII. Therapeutics Summary A. Medicinal and Symptomatic Treatment B. Hormonal Therapy C. Bone Marrow Administration D. Blood and its Derivatives E. Platelet Transfusion F. SplenectomyChapter XIII. Platelets in Animals Summary Interest in their Study I. Platelet in Mammals II. Other Classes of Vertebrates III. Invertebrates General ConclusionIndexOther Titles in the Division