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Biology of Mycobacterial Lipids

1st Edition - June 3, 2022

Editors: Zeeshan Fatima, Stéphane Canaan

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 4 8 - 7

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 4 4 - 9

Biology of Mycobacterial Lipids covers various topics pertaining to the advancements and current research in the field of mycobacterial lipids, and on the significant progress in… Read more

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Biology of Mycobacterial Lipids covers various topics pertaining to the advancements and current research in the field of mycobacterial lipids, and on the significant progress in lipidomics, in recent times. The chapters present comprehensive, yet systematic cutting-edge research, comprising mycobacterial lipid terminologies, classifications, biosynthetic pathways, tools and techniques, and functional burgeoning. This unique reference book has contributions from pioneer researchers, experts, and eminent veterans from around the globe. It covers ground-breaking work that will bridge the gap between understanding biochemical patterns related to virulence, pathogenesis, and resistance and elucidating new targets for drug design, identifying biomarkers for predicting risk, early diagnosis, and therapeutic outcome.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Tribute for Professor David E. Minnikin, MA, DPhil, DSc (1939–2021)
List of contributors
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1. An overview of mycolic acids: structure–function–classification, biosynthesis, and beyond
Introduction
What are lipids?
Lipid profile of Mycobacterium
What are MAs?
Structure of MAs
Tools and techniques to study mycobacterial lipids
Tools for lipid analysis
MTB lipidomics at the interface of the other omics technologies
Chapter 2. Lipid biosynthetic pathways as potential drug targets for emerging mycobacterial pathogens
Introduction
Subsystems in Mtb versus NTMs
Lipids in mycobacterial cell wall
Review of drug target space in mycobacterial lipid pathways
Unique lipids in NTMs
Inhibitors of mycobacterial lipid pathways
The roadmap
Chapter 3. Mycobacterial lipids in the host–pathogen interface: roles in pathogenesis and host immune response
Introduction
Mycobacterium cell envelope architecture and composition: a brief overview
M. tuberculosis cell wall lipids and its roles in pathogenesis and host immune response
Innate immune recognition of mycobacterial lipids: pattern recognition receptors
Recognition of lipid by T cells (TCR): an adaptive response
Outlook and conclusion
Chapter 4. Lipids and glycolipids as biomarkers of mycobacterial infections
Early stage development of lipid biomarkers
Mycolic acids as biomarkers for mycobacterial diagnosis
Using lipoarabinomannan as a lipid biomarker for TB diagnosis
Other lipids as biomarkers for mycobacterial diagnosis
Lipid biomarkers and drug susceptibility
Conclusions
Chapter 5. Multifaceted roles of mycobacterium cell envelope glycolipids during host cell membrane interactions
Introduction
Mycobacterial cell membrane envelope
Mycobacterial free lipids: what are they and how they reach the host cell during infection
Mtb free lipids and manipulation of the host immune system
Host membrane insertion and alteration of membrane biophysical properties by Mtb free lipids: previously unknown mode of action of virulent lipids
Actin restructuring by Mtb free lipids: involvement of host cytoskeleton and actin-binding host partners
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Conserved mechanisms drive host-lipid access, import, and utilization in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. marinum
Introduction
Conservation of the access to host lipids between M. tuberculosis and M. marinum
Host-derived lipid import systems in mycobacteria
Conservation of host-derived lipid utilization pathways in M. marinum
Summary and perspectives
Chapter 7. Biological implications of mycobacterial lipids on NKT-cells stimulation
Introduction
Types of NKT cells
Role of NKT cells in the control of TB infection
Concluding remarks and future perspective
Chapter 8. The effect of chemically synthetic mycobacterial mycolates on phospholipidome immunomodulation of murine macrophages
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Chapter 9. Polyketide synthases in mycobacterial lipid metabolism
Introduction
Mycobacterial cell wall: A treasure trove of exotic lipids
FAAL proteins facilitate cross-talks between FASs and PKs
Type III polyketide synthases
Fatty acid degradation pathway in mycobacteria
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Understanding mycobacterial lipid metabolism and employing it as a tool to produce attenuated TB vaccine candidates
The role of M. tuberculosis lipids in TB pathogenesis
OMICs approaches and their impact in understanding M. tuberculosis pathogenesis
Development of vaccine candidates based on modification of M. tuberculosis genes involved in lipid metabolism
Concluding remarks about vaccine development
Chapter 11. Deciphering the physiological role of serine enzymes involved in mycobacterial lipid metabolism using activity-based protein profiling
Introduction
Serine enzymes in M. tb—the fundamental of a new drug family development
Activity-based protein profiling, a powerful versatile chemical proteomic platform applied to characterize the functional state of serine enzymes in mycobacteria
Conclusion and prospects
Chapter 12. Intrabacterial lipid inclusions: overview of an amazing organelle
Introduction
Discovery
Occurrence and inheritance: a conserved structure
ILI-associated protein partners
Proximity labeling technologies: strengths and limitations
Perspectives and concluding remarks
Chapter 13. Multiple facets and functions of the toxin mycolactone produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans
Buruli ulcer, Mycobacterium ulcerans and mycolactone: general considerations
Historical background for the discovery of mycolactone
Mycolactone: chemical nature and synthesis
Biological activities of mycolactone
Mycolactone as a diagnostic target?
Conclusion
Index

Zeeshan Fatima

Dr Zeeshan Fatima is currently Associate Professor at the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, India. Dr Fatima took her bachelor’s and master’s degrees at Banaras Hindu University, in 2000 and 2002, respectively. She earned her doctoral degree in biochemistry from Aligarh Muslim University, in 2008. She has held research positions under nationally and internationally funded research projects, which include her postdoctoral work in 2010, at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. In 2012, Dr Fatima received two Young Scientist awards under fast-track and women scientist schemes, respectively, from the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India.  Additionally, she has acquired regular projects for funding from the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, Mumbai, the Ministry of AYUSH, and DBT, New Delhi, India. She is actively engaged in research in the field of infectious diseases, in particular, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She has 45 peer-reviewed papers to her credit in international and national journals of repute and has authored three books. She has successfully convened three national conferences as organizing secretary. She has supervised four PhD students and guided 25 undergraduate and postgraduate students in their research projects. She is life member of the International Society of Infectious Diseases, the Association for Microbiologists, India, and the Society of Biological Chemists, India

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India

Stéphane Canaan

Dr. Stéphane Canaan is currently Director of Research at the CNRS in the Laboratory of Engineering of Macromolecular Systems, Marseille, France. Dr Canaan has been working for 26 years in the field of lipolytic enzymes, his main interest being to decipher their physiological functions and biochemical mechanisms of action in several organisms. He earned his doctoral degree in biochemistry and cellular biology from Aix-Marseille University, in 1999. In 2000, he received the GERLI prize for his thesis. He spent five years as a post-doctoral fellow, three years at Seattle University, USA, and two years in the AFMB lab in Marseille, France. He acquired a permanent position at CNRS in 2004. He has published 87 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has three patents in this field. Since 2004, he has headed the Lipolysis and Bacterial Pathogenicity team, consisting of 9-10 members, whose main research topics involve characterizing the lipolytic enzymes in lipid metabolism of pathogenic mycobacteria (Mycotuberculosis, Mycoabscessus, Mycoulcerans, etc.), to develop specific and potent inhibitors of these enzymes, thus opening new possibilities of controlling mycobacterial infections. In 2015, he organized a mycobacterial meeting with 160 participants. The team is internationally recognized in the field of biochemistry of mycobacterial lipases. Since 2006, Dr Canaan has obtained more than 15 projects, 9 as principal investigator and 6 as partner. Moreover, since 2005, he has supervised 10 PhD students, 3 currently in progress, and more than 60 graduate and undergraduate students.

Affiliations and expertise

Director of Research, Universite Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LISM, Institute de Microbiologie de la Mediterrannee, Marseille, France