Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes

7th Edition - August 19, 2021
Imprint: Elsevier Science
Editors: Neale Ridgway, Roger McLeod
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 0 4 8 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 3 2 8 - 0

Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes, Seventh Edition serves as a comprehensive, general reference book for scientists and students studying lipids, lipoprote… Read more

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Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes, Seventh Edition serves as a comprehensive, general reference book for scientists and students studying lipids, lipoproteins and membranes. Here, across 19 chapters, leaders in the field summarize fundamental concepts, recent research developments, data analysis, and implications for human disease and intervention. Topics discussed include lipid biology in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, fatty acid synthesis, desaturation and elongation, and pathways leading to synthesis of complex phospholipids, sphingolipids and their structural variants. Chapters also examine how bioactive lipids are involved in cell signaling, with an emphasis on disease implications and pathological consequences.

As the field advances, each chapter in this new edition has been fully revised to address emerging topics, with all-new coverage of lipid droplets and their role as regulatory organelles for energy homeostasis, as well as their relationship to obesity, liver disease and diabetes. Evolving research in fatty acid handling and storage in eukaryotes is also discussed in-depth, with new sections addressing fatty acid uptake, activation and lipolysis.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Functional roles of lipids in biological membranes
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction and overview
2. Diversity in lipid structure
3. Properties of lipids in solution
4. Engineering of membrane lipid composition
5. Role of lipids in cell function
6. Is the fluid mosaic membrane model still relevant?
7. General conclusions on lipid function
8. Future directions
Chapter 2. Methods of lipid analysis
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction to lipidomics
2. Sample collection/sampling
3. Direct infusion and chromatography-based approaches for lipid analysis
4. Quantitation of lipid levels
5. Mass spectrometry for lipid analysis
6. LC-MS data processing and future directions
Chapter 3. Fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis in prokaryotes
List of abbreviations
1. Overview of bacterial lipid metabolism
2. Membrane systems of bacteria
3. The initiation module
4. The elongation module
5. The acyltransfer module
6. The phospholipid module
7. Genetic regulation of lipid metabolism
8. Future directions
Chapter 4. Lipid metabolism in plants
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Plant lipid geography
3. Acyl-acyl carrier protein synthesis in plants
4. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and control of fatty acid synthesis
5. Phosphatidic acid synthesis occurs via prokaryotic and eukaryotic acyltransferases
6. Membrane glycerolipid synthesis
7. Lipid storage in plants
8. Protective lipids: cutin, waxes, suberin and sporopollenin
9. Sphingolipid biosynthesis
10. Oxylipins as plant hormones
11. Sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis
12. Future prospects
Chapter 5. Fatty acid handling in mammalian cells
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Fatty acid biosynthesis
3. Fatty acid uptake, activation and trafficking
4. Fatty acid esterification into TG
5. Fatty acid utilisation for energy
6. Fatty acids and signalling
7. Fatty acids and disease pathogenesis
8. Future directions
Chapter 6. Fatty acid desaturation and elongation in mammals
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Elongation reactions of long-chain fatty acids
3. Desaturation of long-chain fatty acid in mammals
4. Functions of fatty acids synthesised by Δ9, Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase
5. Transcriptional regulation of desaturases and elongases
6. Summary and future directions
Chapter 7. Phospholipid synthesis in mammalian cells
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol
3. Synthesis of ether and plasmalogen lipids
4. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and regulation
5. Phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis and regulation
6. Phosphatidylserine biosynthesis and regulation
7. Biosynthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol
8. Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin
9. Phosphatidylinositol and polyphosphorylated PI
10. Fatty acid remodelling of phospholipids
11. Future directions
Chapter 8. Phospholipid catabolism
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Phospholipase A1
3. Phospholipase A2
4. Phospholipase B
5. Phospholipase C
6. Phospholipase D
7. Measuring the activity of phospholipases
8. Concluding remarks
Chapter 9. Sphingolipids
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Nomenclature and structure
3. SL biosynthesis
4. Sphingolipid degradation
5. Sphingolipid signalling and roles in cell regulation
6. Sphingolipid biophysics
7. SLs in disease pathology
8. Perspectives
Chapter 10. Cholesterol synthesis
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Cholesterol synthesis – a historical overview
3. Targeting cholesterol synthesis therapeutically
4. Sterol pathway intermediates
5. Enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis
6. Oxysterols
7. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis
8. Summary
Chapter 11. Structure and function of lipid droplets
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. The structure of LDs
3. The biogenesis and growth of LDs
4. LD contacts with organelles
5. Lipolysis of neutral lipids
6. Acid lipolysis and lipophagy
7. LDs and cellular stress
8. LDs in infection and immunity
9. Future directions
Chapter 12. Bile acid metabolism
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Bile acid structure and physical properties
3. Biosynthesis of bile acids
4. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids
5. Bile acids as signalling molecules
6. Future directions
Chapter 13. Lipid modification of proteins
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Attachment of fatty acids to proteins
3. Attachment of cholesterol to hedgehog proteins
4. Attachment of isoprenoids to proteins
5. Attachment of phospholipids and diacylglycerol lipids to proteins
6. Spotlight on inhibitors of lipid-modifying enzymes and their roles in disease
7. Future directions and challenges
Chapter 14. Inter- and intra-membrane lipid transport
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. The modes of intracellular lipid transport
3. Local synthesis of lipids by organelle-associated enzymes and inter-organelle transport of their substrates
4. Trans-bilayer lipid asymmetry and intra-membrane transport
5. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 15. High-density lipoproteins: Metabolism and protective roles
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. High-density lipoprotein formation
3. High-density lipoprotein remodelling and lipid transfer
4. Extremes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and relationship to atherosclerosis
5. Protective actions of high-density lipoproteins
6. High-density lipoprotein-raising interventions
7. Summary and future directions
Chapter 16. Assembly and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins
List of abbreviations
1. Overview of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins
2. Structure and regulation of the apolipoprotein B gene
3. Structural features of apolipoprotein B
4. Assembly of hepatic very-low-density lipoproteins
5. Regulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion
6. Intracellular degradation of apolipoprotein B
7. Dysregulation of very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion
8. Assembly and secretion of chylomicrons
9. Limitations of current knowledge
10. Future directions
Chapter 17. Lipoprotein(a)
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Lp(a) and apo(a) structure and evolution
3. Biosynthesis of Lp(a)
4. Removal of Lp(a) from the circulation
5. Genetics of Lp(a)
6. Lp(a) as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
7. Challenges in Lp(a) measurement
8. Mechanism of action of Lp(a) in cardiovascular disease
9. Pharmaceutical approaches to Lp(a) lowering: progress to date
10. Challenges and perspectives in the Lp(a) field
Chapter 18. Lipoprotein receptors
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. LDLR family
3. Low-density lipoprotein receptor
4. Very-low-density lipoprotein receptor
5. APOER2/LRP8
6. LRP1
7. LRP1B
8. LRP2/megalin
9. LRP4/MEGF7
10. LRP5 and LRP6
11. SorLA/LR11
12. Scavenger receptors
13. Conclusion
Competing interests
Funding
Chapter 19. Atherosclerosis
List of abbreviations
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Lipoprotein transport in atherosclerosis
3. Lipoprotein receptors and lipid transporters
4. Contributions of lipoprotein-mediated inflammation to atherosclerosis
5. New emerging mechanisms of lipid metabolism influencing atherosclerosis
6. Traditional and evolving lipid-lowering therapies for the treatment of atherosclerosis
7. Future directions
Chapter 20. Diabetic dyslipidaemia
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction to the typical dyslipidaemia of insulin-resistant states
2. Dyslipidaemia of insulin-resistant states: key factors and mechanisms, with a focus on hepatic lipoprotein overproduction
3. Postprandial dyslipidaemia and intestinal chylomicron hypersecretion in insulin-resistant states
4. Low HDL in insulin resistance and T2D
5. Treatment of the dyslipidaemia of insulin-resistant states
6. Conclusions
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes

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Neale Ridgway

Roger McLeod

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