Berne & Levy Physiology

8th Edition - February 12, 2023
Authors: Bruce M. Koeppen, Bruce A. Stanton
Editors: Julianne M Hall, Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 4 7 9 0 - 2
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 4 7 9 1 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 4 7 9 2 - 6

Pairing necessary detail with concise readability, Berne & Levy Physiology, 8th Edition, provides a perfect balance of content to deliver an in-depth understanding of the bo… Read more

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Pairing necessary detail with concise readability, Berne & Levy Physiology, 8th Edition, provides a perfect balance of content to deliver an in-depth understanding of the body’s dynamic processes. Long respected for its scientifically rigorous approach, this highly regarded, mid-size text offers essential physiology with integrated coverage of biophysics andkey experimental observations and examples—all designed to provide a solid scientific foundation in physiology for future scientists and clinicians.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Section Authors
Preface
Note to Instructors
Table of Contents
Section 1 Cellular Physiology
Chapter 1 Principles of Cell and Membrane Function
Learning Objectives
Overview of Eukaryotic Cells
Vesicular Transport
Electrochemical Gradient
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
Key Points
Chapter 2 Homeostasis: Volume and Composition of Body Fluid Compartments
Learning Objectives
Concept of Steady-State Balance
Volumes and Composition of Body Fluid Compartments
Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis
Principles of Epithelial Transport
Key Concepts
Chapter 3 Signal Transduction, Membrane Receptors, Second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression
Learning Objectives
Cell-to-Cell Communication
Receptors
Receptors and Signal Transduction Pathways
Regulation of Gene Expression by Signal Transduction Pathways
Key Points
Section 2 Neurophysiology
Chapter 4 The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems
Learning Objectives
Cellular Components of the Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
Nervous Tissue Reactions to Injury
Key Points
Chapter 5 Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials
Learning Objectives
Membrane Potentials
Suprathreshold Response: The Action Potential
Conduction of Action Potentials
Key Points
Chapter 6 Synaptic Transmission
Learning Objectives
Electrical Synapses
Chemical Synapses
Synaptic Integration
Modulation of Synaptic Activity
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter Receptors
Key Points
Chapter 7 The Somatosensory System
Learning Objectives
Subdivisions of the Somatosensory System
Discriminatory Touch and Proprioception
Thalamic and Cortical Somatosensory Areas
Pain and Temperature Sensation
Transduction in the Somatosensory System
Centrifugal Control of Somatosensation
Key Points
Chapter 8 The Special Senses
Learning Objectives
The Visual System
The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
The Chemical Senses
Key Points
Chapter 9 Organization of Motor Function
Learning Objectives
Principles of Spinal Cord Organization
Descending Motor Pathways
Brainstem Control of Posture and Movement
Motor Control by the Cerebral Cortex
Motor Control by the Cerebellum
Motor Control by the Basal Ganglia
Eye Movement
Key Points
Chapter 10 Integrative Functions of the Nervous System
Learning Objectives
The Cerebral Cortex
Key Points
Chapter 11 The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control
Learning Objectives
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Ganglia
Neurotransmitters
Central Control of Autonomic Function
Key Points
Section 3 Muscle Physiology
Chapter 12 Skeletal Muscle Physiology
Learning Objectives
Skeletal Muscle Physiology
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
Control of Skeletal Muscle Activity
Skeletal Muscle Types
Modulation of the Force of Contraction
Modulation of Force by Reflex Arcs
Skeletal Muscle Tone
Energy Sources During Contraction
Oxygen Debt
Fatigue
Growth and Development
Denervation, Reinnervation, and Cross-Innervation
Response to Exercise
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Biophysical Properties of Skeletal Muscle
Key Points
Chapter 13 Cardiac Muscle
Learning Objectives
Basic Organization of Cardiac Muscle Cells
Control of Cardiac Muscle Activity
Regulation of the Force of Contraction
Cardiac Muscle Metabolism
Cardiac Muscle Hypertrophy
Key Concepts
Chapter 14 Smooth Muscle
Learning Objectives
Overview of Smooth Muscle
Structure of Smooth Muscle Cells
Control of Smooth Muscle Activity
Innervation of Smooth Muscle
Regulation of Contraction
Regulation of Myoplasmic Calcium Concentration
Development and Hypertrophy
Synthetic and Secretory Functions
Biophysical Properties of Smooth Muscle
Key Points
Section 4 Cardiovascular Physiology
Chapter 15 Overview of Circulation
Learning Objectives
The Heart
The Cardiovascular Circuit
Blood Vessels
Key Points
Chapter 16 Elements of Cardiac Function
Learning Objectives
Overview of Cardiac Function
Electrical Properties of the Heart
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms
Electrocardiography
Arrhythmias
The Cardiac Pump
Key Points
Chapter 17 Properties of the Vasculature
Learning Objectives
Hemodynamics
The Arterial System
The Venous System
Microcirculation and Lymphatic System
Coronary Circulation
Cutaneous Circulation
Skeletal Muscle Circulation
Cerebral Circulation
Intestinal Circulation
Hepatic Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Key Points
Chapter 18 Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature
Learning Objectives
Regulation of Heart Rate and Myocardial Performance
Nervous Control of the Heart Rate
Regulation of Myocardial Performance
Regulation of the Peripheral Circulation
Key Points
Chapter 19 Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System
Learning Objectives
Regulation of Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure
Vascular Function Curve
Relating the Cardiac Function Curve to the Vascular Function Curve
A More Complete Theoretical Model: The Two-Pump System
Role of the Heart Rate in Control of Cardiac Output
Ancillary Factors That Affect the Venous System and Cardiac Output
Interplay of Central and Peripheral Factors in Control of the Circulation
Key Points
Section 5 Respiratory Physiology
Chapter 20 Introduction to the Respiratory System
Learning Objectives
Lung Anatomical Structure/Function Relationships
Circulatory Systems in the Lung
Innervation
Lung Embryology, Development, Aging, and Repair
Key Points
Chapter 21 Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics
Learning Objectives
Pressures in the Respiratory System
How a Pressure Gradient Is Created
Lung Volumes and Their Measurement
Lung Volumes and Capacities
Determinants of Lung Volume
Pressure-Volume Relationships
Lung Compliance
Surface Tension and Surfactant
Key Points
Chapter 22 Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics
Learning Objectives
Dynamic Lung Mechanics
Work of Breathing
Key Concepts
Chapter 23 Ventilation, Perfusion, and Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
Learning Objectives
Ventilation
Dead Space Ventilation: Anatomical and Physiological
Alveolar Ventilation
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow
Active Regulation of Blood Flow
Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
Arterial Blood Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, and Hypercarbia
Low Ventilation/Perfusion
Alveolar Hypoventilation
Diffusion Abnormalities
Mechanisms of Hypercapnia
Effect of 100% Oxygen on Arterial Blood Gas Abnormalities
Regional Differences
Key Points
Chapter 24 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Learning Objectives
Gas Diffusion
Oxygen Transport
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Acid-Base Balance
Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve
Key Points
Chapter 25 Control of Respiration
Learning Objectives
Ventilatory Control: An Overview
Response to Carbon Dioxide
Control of Ventilation: The Details
Exercise
Abnormalities in the Control of Breathing
Key Points
Chapter 26 Host Defense and Metabolism in the Lung
Learning Objectives
Host Defense
Epithelial Cells and Commensal Microbiota Protect the Lumen of the Airways
Clinical Manifestations Associated With Abnormalities in Mucosal Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Metabolic Functions of the Lung
Key Points
Section 6 Gastrointestinal Physiology
Chapter 27 Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Learning Objectives
Functional Anatomy
Regulatory Mechanisms in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Response of the GI Tract to a Meal
Key Concepts
Chapter 28 The Cephalic, Oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal
Learning Objectives
Cephalic and Oral Phases
Esophageal Phase
Key Concepts
Chapter 29 The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal
Learning Objectives
Functional Anatomy of the Stomach
Gastric Secretion
Digestion in the Stomach
Gastrointestinal Motility
Gastric Motility
Key Concepts
Chapter 30 The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal
Learning Objectives
Gastric Emptying in the Small Intestinal Phase
Carbohydrate Assimilation
Protein Assimilation
Uptake of Peptides and Amino Acids
Lipid Assimilation
Water and Electrolyte Secretion and Absorption
Absorption of Minerals and Water-Soluble Vitamins
Motor Patterns of the Small Intestine
Key Concepts
Chapter 31 The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal
Learning Objectives
Overview of the Large Intestine
Key Concepts
Chapter 32 Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver
Learning Objectives
Overview of the Liver and its Functions
Structural Features of the Liver and Biliary System
Bile Formation and Secretion
Ammonia Handling by the Liver
Clinical Assessment of Liver Function
Key Concepts
Section 7 Renal Physiology
Chapter 33 Elements of Renal Function
Learning Objectives
Overview of Renal Function
Functional Anatomy of the Kidneys
Assessment of Renal Function
Glomerular Filtration
Renal Blood Flow
Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate
Key Points
Chapter 34 Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function
Learning Objectives
Solute and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron
Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption
Key Points
Chapter 35 Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume
Learning Objectives
Control of Body Fluid Osmolality: Urine Concentration and Dilution
Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Regulation of Renal NaCl Excretion
Key Concepts
Chapter 36 Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis
Learning Objectives
K+ Homeostasis
Regulation of Plasma [K+]
Alterations in Plasma [K+]
K+ Excretion by the Kidneys
Cellular Mechanism of K+ Transport by Principal and Intercalated Cells in the DT and CCD
K+ Excretion by the DT and CCD
Overview of Calcium and Inorganic Phosphate Homeostasis
Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis
Key Concepts
Chapter 37 Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
Learning Objectives
The HCO3− Buffer System
Overview of Acid-Base Balance
Net Acid Excretion by the Kidneys
Response to Acid-Base Disorders
Simple Acid-Base Disorders
Key Concepts
Section 8 Endocrine Physiology
Chapter 38 Introduction to the Endocrine System
Learning Objectives
Configuration of Feedback Loops Within the Endocrine System
Chemical Nature of Hormones
Transport of Hormones in the Circulation
Cellular Responses to Hormones
Key Concepts
Chapter 39 Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism
Learning Objectives
Continual Energy Supply and Demand: The Challenge
Integrated Overview of Energy Metabolism
Pancreatic Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis During Different Metabolic Phases
Hormonal Regulation of Specific Metabolic Reactions and Pathways
Leptin and Energy Balance
Key Concepts
Chapter 40 Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
Learning Objectives
Crucial Roles of Calcium and Phosphate in Cellular Physiology
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: PTH, Vitamin D, and FGF23
Hormonal Effects on Target Organs
Regulation of Bone Formation
Integrated Physiological Regulation of Ca++/Pi Metabolism
Key Concepts
Chapter 41 The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Learning Objectives
Anatomy
The Neurohypophysis
The Adenohypophysis
Key Concepts
Chapter 42 The Thyroid Gland
Learning Objectives
Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Hormones
Transport of Thyroid Hormones
Cellular Entry and Peripheral Conversion of Thyroid Hormones
Regulation of Thyroid Function
Physiological Effects of Thyroid Hormone
Key Concepts
Chapter 43 The Adrenal Gland
Learning Objectives
Anatomy
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Cortex
Key Concepts
Chapter 44 The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Learning Objectives
The Male Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive System
Mammogenesis and Lactation
Menopause
Key Concepts
Acknowledgment
Index

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Berne & Levy Physiology

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Julianne M Hall

Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban

Bruce M. Koeppen

Bruce A. Stanton