Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment

1st Edition - September 28, 2022
Editors: Ashutosh Kumar, Shivendra Tenguria
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 8 0 6 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 7 2 2 0 - 8

Variety of bacteria are present in our environment but only a few of these bacteria causes diseases in their hosts including humans. These bacteria face different stresses in the… Read more

Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment

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Variety of bacteria are present in our environment but only a few of these bacteria causes diseases in their hosts including humans. These bacteria face different stresses in the environment as well as inside the host and adapt number of strategies for their survival. In 5 parts Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment covers all tactics and strategies adopted by bacteria for their survival under stressed conditions and will be focused on mechanistic insights of pathogenic adaptations to host environments (acidic environment, microaerobic conditions, immune system stress, metal stress etc., modulation of host pathways by pathogens for survival, dormancy, drug tolerance and resistance, proteins for stress survival). The content also includes different adaptation mechanisms of extremophiles to extreme environment, provides a complete and globally available advance knowledge related to bacterial survival from different perspectives and reviews the knowledge gaps and future prospects in the field of microbial adaptation for sustainable development of in the field of infection biology and pharmaceutics.

Cover Image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Chapter 1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis adaptation to host environment
Abstract
Introduction
M. tuberculosis adaptation to host immune system and oxidative stress
Strategies to counter microbicidal effect of myeloid cells
Microenvironment modulation by M. tuberculosis
M. tuberculosis adaptations to acidic environment of phagolysosomes
Mycobacterial adaptations to hypoxic environment
M. tuberculosis adaptations to subsist heat shock
M. tuberculosis adaptation to metal stress
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. Modulation of host pathways by Mycobacterium tuberculosis for survival
Abstract
Introduction
Modulation of glycolytic flux
Endoplasmic reticulum stress
Modulation in host mitochondria
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Phagosome maturation
Autophagy Regulation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Signaling nucleotides in bacteria
Abstract
Introduction
cyclic-di-AMP
(p)ppGpp
cyclic-di-GMP
Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 4. The fish immune armaments in response to pathogen invasion—a tour inside the macrophages
Abstract
Introduction
Immune organs and cell types of teleosts
Characteristics of teleosts’ macrophages
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Antigen presentation by macrophages
Subcellular crosstalk of teleost macrophages
Modalities of cell death
Immune evasion strategies of microbial pathogen
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Essential proteins for the survival of bacteria in hostile environment
Abstract
Introduction
Hostile environment outside human host: extreme temperature
Hostile environment within the human host
Evasion of innate immune response with bacterial proteins (H. pylori)
Evasion of adaptive immune response (H. pylori)
Evasion of innate immune response with bacterial proteins (S. typhimurium)
Evasion of adaptive immune response (S. typhimurium)
References
Chapter 6. Kinases and phosphatases in bacterial survival in hostile environment
Abstract
Introduction
Kinases and phosphatases in abiotic conditions
Kinases and phosphatases in biotic conditions
Two-component system in host immune evasion
References
Chapter 7. Antimicrobial resistance—a serious global threat
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanism of action of probiotics, challenges faced, and their evolution
Antimicrobial agents
Action of antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Causes of antimicrobial resistance
Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance
Resistance versus persistence
Transmission of resistance
Spread of antimicrobial resistance
Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 8. Combination of virulence and antibiotic resistance: a successful bacterial strategy to survive under hostile environments
Abstract
Introduction
Cross coselection
Hypermutations
Antibiotic tolerance and persistence
Compensatory mutations
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9. Mechanisms of biofilm-based antibiotic resistance and tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Abstract
Introduction
What is biofilm?
Origins of biofilm hypothesis
Characteristics of biofilm
How biofilm is formed?
Quorum sensing
Drug resistance mechanisms of biofilm
References
Chapter 10. Biofilms: cities of microorganisms
Abstract
Introduction
History of biofilms
How are biofilms formed?
Impact of biofilms on human
Biofilms and food sector
Mechanisms used by various microorganisms to form biofilm
Biofilm by pathogenic microorganisms
Biofilm by beneficial microorganisms (probiotics)
Strategies or future trends against biofilms
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11. Biofilm: a coordinated response of bacteria against stresses
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. The bacterial communication system and its interference as an antivirulence strategy
Abstract
Introduction
Quorum-sensing and quorum quenching
The architecture of quorum-sensing circuits
Quorum quenching
Antivirulence strategies based on quorum quenching
Is there resistance to quorum-sensing inhibitors?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
Author contributions
References
Chapter 13. Microbial adaptations in extreme environmental conditions
Abstract
Introduction
Applications of extremophiles/extremozymes
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Adaptation strategies of piezophilic microbes
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of pressure on microbial cells and macromolecules
Adaptation mechanisms in the piezophiles
Biotechnological applications
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Survival and adaptation strategies of microorganisms in the extreme radiation
Abstract
Introduction
Radiation and radio-resistance
Role of ions in the radiation resistance
DNA repair for the radiation survival
Production of mycosporine-like amino acids
Scytonemin biosynthesis and UV neutralization
Bacterioruberin
Radiation resistance in D. radiodurans
Radiation resistance in eukaryotes
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Adaptation strategies of thermophilic microbes
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Index

Ashutosh Kumar

Dr. Ashutosh Kumar is an active researcher and scientific writer in his field for over 14 years and presently working at Department of Microbiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India. He received MSc and PhD degree in Biotechnology from University of Hyderabad, India. He did his postdoctoral research at TIFR-National Centre for Biological Sciences Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. He also worked as a Visiting Research Scientist at Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Germany. He has made significant contributions to the study of virulence mechanisms and strategies of survival, adaptation, and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. He was involved in identification of an enzyme from M. tuberculosis that promote biofilm formation and drugs that enhanced the potency of two current anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. He received many scholarships, awards, and fellowship during his education. He has many publications in international journals and books.

Affiliations and expertise

Tripura University (A Central University), Department of Microbiology, Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura , India

Shivendra Tenguria

Dr. Tenguria is an active researcher and currently working as Project Scientist in Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA. He has been actively involved in research and training of graduate and undergraduate students. He received his MSc in Life Sciences from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and PhD in Biotechnology from University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India. He received his postdoctoral training from Purdue University, Indiana, USA and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA. Currently, he is working in the area of molecular innate immunity to unravel molecular signaling mechanics for sensing danger (infectious pathogens) signals through cytosolic receptors of the innate immune system of human and mouse hosts. With his doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships and research in the area of host-microbe interactions, bacterial survival and pathogenesis, he made seminal contributions by publishing in international Jr (Cell Host-Microbe, Nature Commun, Frontiers).

Affiliations and expertise

Project Scientist, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

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