Bacterial Energetics

Preface


1. Respiration-Driven Proton Pumps

I. Introduction

II. Cytochrome aa3-Type Oxidase

III. Cytochrome o-Type and d-Type Oxidases

IV. Cytochrome bc-b6f Complex

V. NADH Dehydrogenase and Complex I

VI. Energy-Transducing Components Other than Complexes I-IV

VII. Epilogue

References


2. Primary Sodium Pumps and Their Significance in Bacterial Energetics

I. Introduction

II. Respiration-Driven Sodium Pump

III. Decarboxylase-Driven Sodium Pump

IV. ATP-Driven Sodium Pump

V. Significance of Primary Sodium Pumps in Energetics

References


3. Light-Driven Primary Ionic Pumps

I. Introduction

II. Transport Physiology of the Halobacteria

III. Structure of Bacterial Rhodopsins

IV. The Retinal Chromophore

V. The Photocycle

VI. Photoelectric Effects in Oriented Bacteriorhodopsin and Halorhodopsin Systems

VII. Ion Translocation Models

VIII. Summary and Prospects

References


4. Bacterial Transport ATPases

I. Introduction

II. P-Type ATPases

III. Peripheral Membrane Protein ATPases

IV. Other ATP-Driven Systems

V. Summary and Overview

References


5. Bacterial Photosynthesis: From Photons to Δp

I. Introduction

II. Taxonomy

III. Habitats

IV. Pigments

V. The Antenna System

VI. Photochemical Reaction Centers

VII. The Cytochrome bc1 Complex

VIII. Noncyclic Electron Flow

IX. Consumption of the Proton Gradient

References


6. Active Transport: Membrane Vesicles, Bioenergetics, Molecules, and Mechanisms

I. Introduction

II. Membrane Vesicles and Active Transport

III. Bioenergetics

IV. Molecules: The lac Permease of Escherichia coli

V. Use of Oligonucleotide-Directed Site-Specific Mutagenesis to Probe the Structure and Function of lac Permease

References


7. Sodium-Coupled Cotransport

I. Introduction

II. Na+ Cotransport in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Paradigms

III. Na+ Cotransport in Other Bacteria

IV. Recognition of Na+

V. Summary

References


8. Energetics of Periplasmic Transport Systems

I. Introduction

II. General Characteristics of Periplasmic Permeases

III. Transport Models

IV. Energy Coupling

V. Universality of the Conserved Component: Relationship to Energy Coupling

VI. Conclusions

References


9. Ion-Exchange Systems in Prokaryotes

I. Introduction

II. Cation-Linked Antiporters

III. Amino Acid-Linked Antiporters

IV. Anion Antiporters

References


10. Energetics of the Bacterial Phosphotransferase System in Sugar Transport and the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Energetics of Sugar Transport via the Phosphotransferase System (PTS)

III. Regulation of PTS Sugar Uptake

IV. Energetics of the PTS in Relation to Other Carbohydrate Permeases

V. Regulation of Non-PTS Sugar Uptake

VI. Energetics of Gluconeogenesis

VII. PTS-Mediated Regulation of Gluconeogenesis

VIII. Energetics of Anaerobic versus Aerobic Carbohydrate Metabolism

IX. Regulation of Anaerobic versus Aerobic Carbohydrate Metabolism

X. PTS-Mediated Regulation of Virulence

XI. Conclusions and Perspectives

References


11. Motility

I. Introduction

II. Mechanics

III. Energetics

IV. Structure

V. Mechanism

VI. Summary

References


12. Molecular Mechanics of ATP Synthesis of F1F0-Type H+-Transporting ATP Syntheses

I. Introduction

II. The Site of the Transphosphorylation Reaction in F1

III. Structure of H+-Translocating F0 Sector

IV. Molecular Mechanics in Coupling H+ Translocation to ATP Synthesis

References


13. Energetic Aspects of Protein Insertion and Translocation into or across Membranes

I. Introduction

II. The Involvement of an Energized Membrane in Bacterial Protein Insertion and Translocation

III. ATP-Dependent Protein Translocation

IV. Translocation of Lipoprotein

V. Conclusion and Perspectives

References


14. Bioenergetics in Extreme Environments

I. Introduction

II. Extremes of pH

III. High Salinity

IV. Extreme Temperatures

V. High Pressure

VI. Conclusions

References


15. Energetic Problems of Bacterial Fermentations: Extrusion of Metabolic End Products

I. Introduction

II. Passive Flux of Metabolites

III. Lactate Efflux and the Energy-Recycling Model

IV. Transport of Metabolites of the Arginine and Agmatine Deiminase Pathways

V. Concluding Remarks

References


16. Energetics of Chemolithotrophs

I. Introduction

II. Chemolithotrophic Energy Substrates and Their Oxidation

III. Electron Transport and Terminal Electron-Accepting Systems

IV. Formation of ATP and Reduced NAD(P) in Chemolithotrophs

V. Chemiosmotic Energy Coupling in Chemolithotrophy

VI. Chemical Thermodynamics, Energetic Efficiency, and Growth Yields

VII. The yATP Concept Applied to Chemolithotrophs

VIII. Bioenergetic Unity and the Chemolithotrophs

References


17. Energetics of Methanogens

I. Introduction

II. Physiology of Methanogens

III. Biochemistry of Methanogenesis

IV. Synthesis of ATP Coupled to Methanogenesis

V. Sodium Energetics in Methanogens

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Index