Atmospheric Pollution
Its History, Origins and Prevention
- 4th Edition - January 1, 1981
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Authors: A. R. Meetham, D. W. Bottom, S. Cayton
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 2 4 0 0 2 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 3 5 8 4 - 7
Atmospheric Pollution: Its History, Origins and Prevention looks at the history, sources, and controls of air pollution in Britain. Topics covered include the origin of fuel,… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAtmospheric Pollution: Its History, Origins and Prevention looks at the history, sources, and controls of air pollution in Britain. Topics covered include the origin of fuel, natural solid fuels such as wood and coal,and manufactured fuels such as coke and alcohol. Mineral oils and gases are also considered, along with industrial boilers and furnaces, combustion and power generation, and the effects of pollution. This book is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of atmospheric pollution, its causes, and prevention. The next six chapters deal with fuels, furnaces, and fires, with emphasis on natural solid fuels including coal, mineral oils and gases such as petroleum and natural gas, and artificial fuels like charcoal, alcohol, and water gas. The remaining chapters focus on the properties of atmospheric pollution and consider atmospheric pollution from engines and furnaces. Radioactive air pollutants are also examined and remedial measures are proposed to control atmospheric pollution. The last chapter is an account of the law in England and in other countries governing atmospheric pollution. This monograph is meant to be of use to all who are professionally interested in atmospheric pollution, from environmental health officers, legislators, and city councilors to architects, engineers, meteorologists, boiler operators and builders.
1. Introduction
Growth of Pollution
Control of Pollution
Scope of the Book
2. Origin of Fuel
Energy and the Origin of the Earth
Fossil Fuels
Energy Value of Fuels
Calorific Value
Gross and Net Calorific Value
World Reserves and Annual Output
3. Natural Solid Fuels
Wood
Wood Charcoal
Peat
The Coal Series
Lignite
Bituminous Coal
Ash and Sulphur in Coal
Washed Coal
Coal Hazards
4. Mineral Oils and Gases
Petroleum
The Refining Process
Characteristics of Fuel Oils
Preparation for Burning: Burners
Vaporizing Burners
Pressure jet Burners
Natural Gas
5. Manufactured Fuels
History
Coke
Coal Tar and Tar Oils
Hydrogenation and Hydrocarbon Synthesis
Liquefaction and Gasification
Alcohol
Manufactured Gaseous Fuels
Historical Note
6. Combustion and Power Generation
Internal Combustion Engine
Atmospheric Pollution from Engines
Cooling Towers
Electricity
Uses of Electricity
Conclusion
7. Industrial Boilers
Coal-Fired Boilers
Vertical Boiler
Lancashire Boiler
Economic Boiler
Thermal Storage Boiler
Water-Tube Boilers
Industrial Hot Water Boilers
Boiler Instruments
Carbon Dioxide
Smoke as an Index of Efficiency
Alternatives to Coal
Mechanical Stokers
Pulverized Fuel
Boiler Availability
Soot Blowing
Fluidized Beds
8. Industrial Furnaces
Group (1) Furnaces
Horizontal Retorts
Coke Ovens
Vertical Retorts
Static Vertical Retorts
Electric Furnaces
Oil Refineries
Group (2) Furnaces
Atmospheric Pollution from Furnaces in Groups (1) and (2)
Group (3) Furnaces
Steel Industry
Clay Industries
Lime and Cement Kilns
Atmospheric Pollution from Furnaces in Group (3)
Smoke in the Steel Industry
Sulphur Dioxide and Grit
Summary
9. Domestic Heat Services
Choosing a Domestic Heating System
Solid Fuel
Central Heating
Gas and Electric Fires
Thermal Storage Electric Heating
Thermal Insulation
Hot Water and Cooking
Coal Economy
10. Atmospheric Pollution
Smoke
Ash
Sulphur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Lead, Chlorine and Fluorine Compounds
Pollution from Petroleum Products
Odors
Radioactive Air Pollutants
Pollution from Other Sources
Gases from Chemical Works
Burning Spoilbanks
Incineration of Refuse
The Offensive Trades
Particles
11. Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution
Measurement of Smoke
Smoke Filter
Self-Changing Smoke Filters
Portable Smoke Filters
Weighable Smoke Filter
Measurement of Ash and Other Deposited Pollution
Deposit Gauge
Rapid Surveys of Deposited Matter
Measurement of Sulphur Dioxide
Volumetric Estimation of Sulphur Dioxide
Portable Instruments for Sulphur Dioxide
Automatic Monitoring
Sulphur Dioxide by the Lead Dioxide Instrument
Pollution Roses
Microscopic Examination of Grit
Microscopic Examination of Suspended Matter
Other Pollutants
Measurement of Daylight
Use of Measurements of Atmospheric Pollution
12. Distribution of Pollution
Historical Perspective
Distribution in Britain as a Whole
Deposited Matter
Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide
Distribution within a Town
Deposited Matter
Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide
Recent Surveys
The National Survey of Air Pollution
Smoke
Sulphur Dioxide
Concluding Remarks
13. Variability of Pollution
Changes in Deposited Matter
Yearly Cycle
Changes in Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide
Irregular Variation
Air Pollution Meteorology
Chimney Plumes
Fogs
Constituents of the London Fog, December 1952
Quantities
Heat Balance
Water Balance
Smoke Balance
Sulphur Balance
Halogens
Oxides of Carbon
Ground Level Concentrations
Summary
14. Effects of Pollution
Biological Effects
Health
Threshold Limit Values
Smog Disasters
Mortality Attributed to Smog
Effects on Animals
Effects on Vegetation
Physico-Chemical Effects
Insulators
Metals
Materials
Fog, Visibility and Sunlight
The Cost of Pollution
Conclusion
15. Prevention of Atmospheric Pollution
Prevention of Smoke
Prevention of Ash and Grit
Selection of Fuel
Design and Operation of Furnace
Particulate Removal
Air Conditioning
Prevention of Sulphur Dioxide
Removal of Sulphur from Fuel
Removing of Sulphur Dioxide from Flue Gases
Chimney Height
16. Air Pollution Control—Law and Administration
The United Kingdom System
The Alkali Inspectorate—Structure and Responsibilities
Local Government Administration and Control
The Clean Air Acts
Smoke Emissions
The Control of Chimney Heights
Grit and Dust from Furnaces
Smoke-Control Areas
Air Pollution Legislation throughout the World
Air Pollution Control within the Member States of the European Economic Community
Belgium
Denmark
France
Federal Republic of Germany
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
United States of America
Motor Vehicle Pollution
Appendix A. Conversions
Appendix B. British Standards
Bibliography
Index
- Edition: 4
- Published: January 1, 1981
- No. of pages (eBook): 244
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780080240022
- eBook ISBN: 9781483135847
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