Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine

Easy to read and richly illustrated, Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 3rd Edition, provides the tools you need to accurately diagnose and treat the full range of adult and pediatric sleep disorders. Dr. Meir H. Kryger and a team of expert contributing authors detail the physiologic, clinical, morphologic, and investigational aspects of the sleep disorders you encounter in everyday practice—enhanced by high-quality images throughout. This highly regarded, award-winning atlas is an ideal resource for sleep practitioners and technicians in the lab, as well as an effective review for certification and recertification.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Polysomnogram recordings
Acknowledgments
Video contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Section 1. Sleep in Visual Arts and Literature
1. Sleep in art and literature
Mythology
Religion
Rest
Innocence
Dreams, danger, and death
Bibliography
Section 2. History of Sleep Medicine and Physiology
2. History of sleep medicine and physiology
Timeline
References
Bibliography
Section 3. The Biology of Sleep
3. Sleep mechanisms
Arousal systems
Sleep-promoting systems
Sleep drive
Control of rapid eye movement sleep
Control of the timing of sleep
Bibliography
4. Localization and neurochemistry of sleep-wake physiology and pathophysiology
Introduction
Wake-promoting neurotransmitters
Sleep-promoting neurotransmitters
External sleep-wake regulation (two-process model)
Explanatory diagrams
References
5. Circadian rhythms regulation
Bibliography
6. Physiologic regulation in sleep
Dynamics of individual systems and functional changes in sleep and wake states and across sleep stages
Coupling and network interactions among physiologic systems during sleep and wake states
Bibliography
7. Cytokines, host defense, and sleep
Overview of the immune system
Effect of sleep deprivation
Sleep, immune function, and disease
Bibliography
8. Control of breathing
Normal sleep
Sleep apnea
9. Central and autonomic regulation in cardiovascular physiology
Overview
Heart rate surges
Heart rhythm pauses
Physiologic mechanisms underlying nocturnal cardiac events
Summary
Bibliography
10. Interactive regulation of sleep and feeding
Shared brain circuits of sleep and feeding regulation
Shared somatic signaling between sleep and feeding regulation
Metabolic organs modulate sleep-wake activity and feeding
Bidirectional relationship between feeding/metabolic status and sleep-wake activity
Bibliography
11. Endocrine physiology
Overview of endocrine physiology
Conditions that affect hormones and metabolism
References
Bibliography
Section 4. Normal Sleep and Its Variants
12. Sleep in mammals
Bibliography
13. Normal sleep in humans
What is sleep?
What is the function of sleep?
Current theories about why we sleep
How much sleep is enough?
Neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
Wakefulness
Transition between wakefulness and sleep
Sleep mechanisms: From wakefulness to sleep
Transition from wakefulness to non–rapid eye movement sleep
Staging of sleep
Normal circadian function
Normal sleep
Factors that affect sleep
Sleep changes in children
Sleep changes with aging
Sleep characteristics that change with age and their possible neurophysiologic mechanisms
Circadian characteristics that change with age
Bibliography
14. Sleep restriction
Sleep restriction
Recovery from sleep restriction
Individual differences in vulnerability to sleep restriction
Bibliography
15. Sleep and athletic performance
Disordered sleep in athletes
Screening athlete populations for sleep problems
Overscheduling and overtraining
Obstructive sleep apnea
Insomnia and other sleep disorders
Sleep extension
Addressing the sleep needs of athletes
References
Bibliography
16. Dreaming in normal and disrupted sleep
What is dreaming?
References
Section 5. Pharmacology
17. Pharmacology
Drugs with hypnotic properties
Agents in development
Amphetamines and related compounds
Bibliography
Section 6. Impact, Presentation, and Diagnosis
18. Impact, presentation, and diagnostic considerations
Impact
Presentation and diagnostic considerations
Bibliography
Section 7. Circadian System Disorders
19. Circadian rhythm disorders
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder
Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder
Non–24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Shift-work disorder
Jet lag disorder
Summary
Bibliography
20. Circadian desynchrony and health
Circadian system and circadian disruption
Cardiovascular disease
Metabolism
Microbiota
Gastrointestinal disease
Cancer
Conclusions
Bibliography
Section 8. Insomnia
21. Insomnia
Overview
Classification
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology of insomnia
Types of insomnia
Insomnia and comorbidities
Insomnia and other sleep disorders
Isolated insomnia disorder
Management of insomnia
Bibliography
Section 9. Neurologic Disorders
22. Central disorders of hypersomnolence
Overview
Classification and prevalence
Clinical features and epidemiology
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis and hallucinations
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Disrupted nocturnal sleep
Kleine-levin syndrome
Pathophysiology
Evaluation and diagnosis
Overnight polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test, and maintenance of wakefulness test
Cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement and human leukocyte antigen typing
Other workup
Treatment
Bibliography
23. Movement disorders in sleep
Overview
Restless legs syndrome
Periodic limb movements during sleep and periodic limb movement disorder
Bruxism
Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
Sleep-related leg cramps
Bibliography
24. Sleep and epilepsy
Introduction
Epilepsy and seizures
Electroencephalography
Types of sleep-related epilepsies
Normal variants and nonepileptic behaviors
Other sleep disorders in epilepsy
Conclusion
Bibliography
25. Cerebrovascular disease and sleep
Overview
Breathing patterns after stroke
Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea in stroke
Effect of stroke on sleep
Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke
Bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and stroke
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on stroke outcomes
Diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea treatment
Summary and future directions
Bibliography
26. Sleep and other neurologic diseases
Introduction
Parkinson disease
Alzheimer disease
Multiple system atrophy
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Huntington disease
Hereditary ataxias
Multiple sclerosis
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Prion disease
Spinal cord injury
Traumatic brain injury
Headache
COVID-19
Conclusion
Bibliography
27. Sleep and neuromuscular disease
Introduction
Impaired respiratory physiology in neuromuscular disease
Common neuromuscular diseases
Compromised breathing mechanics during sleep
Polysomnography findings in neuromuscular disease
Impaired pulmonary physiology and symptoms
Noninvasive ventilation benefits in neuromuscular disease: Physiology and sleep
Longitudinal management of noninvasive ventilation in neuromuscular disease
Conclusion
Bibliography
Section 10. Parasomnias
28. Parasomnias
Overview
Pathophysiology of parasomnias
Disorders of arousal: NREM parasomnias
Rapid eye movement sleep parasomnias
Sleep paralysis
Experiential parasomnias
Sleep enuresis
Nocturnal seizures
Bibliography
Section 11. Sleep Breathing Disorders
29. Examination of the patient with suspected sleep breathing disorders
Overall inspection of the patient
Facial and jaw structures
Nasal airway
Examination of the palate
Examination of the pharynx
Examination of the neck
Examination of the abdomen
Examination of the extremities
Bibliography
30. Sleep apnea in the adolescent and adult
Overview
Definitions
Risk factors
Clinical assessment
Treatment
Bibliography
31. Sleep breathing disorders in children
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea in children
History and physical examination
Diagnostic considerations
Treatment options for childhood obstructive sleep apnea
References
32. Respiratory diseases and the overlap syndromes
Obstructive pulmonary diseases
Restrictive lung diseases
Extrapulmonary lung restriction
Extrathoracic upper airway obstruction
Bibliography
Section 12. Other Medical and Psychiatric Disorders
33. Cardiovascular diseases
Impact of cardiovascular diseases
Effect of sleep disorders on cardiovascular physiology
Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of cardiac arrhythmias
Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of coronary artery disease
Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of systemic hypertension
Heart failure
Epidemiology
Abnormal breathing patterns in heart failure
Bibliography
References
34. Thyroid disease
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid mass lesions
Bibliography
35. Diseases of the pituitary gland
Anatomy
Growth hormone hypersecretion
Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone
Bibliography
36. Gastrointestinal disorders
Introduction
Bibliography
37. Diabetes mellitus
Sleep quantity and quality and diabetes mellitus
Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea
Gestational diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea
Conclusion
Bibliography
38. Sleep disorders in chronic kidney disease
Background
Definitions and prevalence
Morbidity and mortality
Respiratory sleep disorders
Nonrespiratory sleep disorders
Bibliography
39. Sleep and psychiatric disease
Overview
Sleep and depression
Sleep and mania
Sleep, nightmares, and posttraumatic stress
Sleep and generalized anxiety disorder
Sleep and alcohol dependence
Sleep and schizophrenia
Screening for sleep disorders and other medical conditions
Conclusion
Bibliography
40. Sleep and ophthalmologic disorders
Sleep and ophthalmologic disorders
Bibliography
41. Sleep and pain
Introduction
Association between sleep and pain
Experimental studies
Restorative sleep and pain
Clinical application
Sleep and pain: Mechanisms
Neurobiology
Psychosocial factors
Polysomnography and pain
Circadian regulation of sleep and pain
Conclusion
Bibliography
42. COVID-19 and sleep
Sleep in uninfected individuals during the pandemic
Sleep in those infected with SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19–related sleep symptoms and disorders
The future
Bibliography
Section 13. Women’s Health
43. The menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle physiology
Sleep across the menstrual cycle
Pubertal maturation
Menstrual cycle and Insomnia symptoms
Impact of the menstrual cycle on other sleep disorders
Polycystic Ovarian syndrome
Impact of sleep on menstrual function
Bibliography
44. Pregnancy and postpartum
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Sleep-disordered breathing
Restless legs syndrome
Labor and delivery
Postpartum sleep
Narcolepsy and pregnancy
Summary
Bibliography
45. Midlife transition and menopause
Sleep disturbance during menopause
Vasomotor symptoms
Management options for sleep disturbance
Bibliography
46. Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome
Introduction
Fibromyalgia
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue syndrome
Bibliography
Section 14. Diagnostic Assessment Methods in Adults
47. Polysomnography and home sleep test assessment methods in adults
Overview
Sleep staging
Arousal scoring
Sleep-related breathing disorders
Movements
Electrocardiogram
Home sleep testing
Overall assessment
Other assessments and interpretation
Summary
Bibliography
Section 15. Media Galleries
48. Gallery of polysomnographic recordings
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Central sleep apnea
Mixed and complex sleep apnea
Heart failure
Cardiac rhythm abnormalities
Neurologic diseases
Multiple sclerosis
Artifacts in sleep recordings
49. Gallery of patient interview videos
Sleep-related breathing disorders
Neurologic and other disorders
50. Gallery of sleep laboratory video findings
Obstructive sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea in special populations
Upper airway resistance syndrome
Central sleep apnea and cheyne-stokes respiration
Respiratory diseases
Neurologic and other disorders
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine

Purchase options

Save 50% on book bundles

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Meir H. Kryger