Asbestos and Disease

Foreword PrefacePart I Asbestos and Its Distribution 1 Historical Background Early Beginnings The Intermediate Years The Breakthrough Period Development of Manufacture and Use Recognition of Pathogenicity Appearance of Other Pathological Consequences State of Medical Knowledge in the Early 1960's 2 Asbestos Minerals: Nature, Occurrence, and Properties Geological Formation Chemical Characteristics Physical Characteristics Grading Talc 3 Mining, Milling, Manufacturing, and Use Mining Milling Manufacturing End Uses Disposal of Wastes Containing Asbestos 4 Identification and Quantitation of Asbestos Fibers Basic Considerations in Sampling of Airborne Dust Collection of Airborne Dust Samples Dust Examination by Light Microscopy Dust Examination by Electron Beam Methods Constraints on Electron Beam Methods: Ancillary Techniques Determination of Asbestos in Tissue Examination of Water and Food for Asbestos 5 Environmental Distribution Asbestos in Air Asbestos in Water Asbestos in Food and Drugs Asbestos in Consumer Products Part II Asbestotic Effects 6 Basic Clinical Considerations 7 Characteristics and Etiology of Parenchymal Asbestosis Definition Pathology Clinical Characteristics Etiology 8 Characteristics and Etiology of Pleural Asbestosis Definition Pathology Clinical Characteristics Etiology 9 Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Course of the Asbestoses Prevalence Diagnosis Clinical Course Part III Neoplastic Effects 10 Characteristics and Etiology of Mesothelioma Definition Pathology Clinical Manifestations Etiology 11 Prevalance, Diagnosis, and Course of Mesothelioma Prevalence Diagnosis Clinical Course 12 Characteristics, Etiology, and Prevalence of Asbestos-Associated Carcinoma Definition Special Features Etiology Prevalence Part IV Pathogenic Mechanisms 13 Respiratory Portal of Entry Anatomy Physiology of Air Flow Particle Desposition Clearance Effects of Disease and of Other Pollutants 14 The Gastrointestinal Tract and Other Portals of Entry Sources of Alimentary Intake Physical Situation at the Bowel Wall Evidence for Penetration of Gastrointestinal Wall Pathogenic Significance of Ingested Asbestos Other Portals of Entry 15 General Tissue Reactions and Cytotoxicity Some Problems Movement of Fibers Hemolytic Properties of Asbestos Fibers In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Asbestos Immunological Reactions 16 Phagocytosis and the Asbestos Body Origin of Phagocytes Process of Phagocytosis Formation of Asbestos Bodies 17 Fibrogenesis and Tumorigenesis Fibrogenesis from Asbestos Tumorigenesis from Asbestos Relation of Pathogenesis to Fiber Size Part V Prevention and Control 18 Regulatory Principles and Objectives Information Required for Formulation of Criteria Status of Information on Asbestos 19 Examples of National Regulatory Development Development of Standards in the United States Development of Workplace Standards in Great Britain Notes on Action Taken in Other Countries 20 Procedures for Prevention and Control Substitution of Less Hazardous Materials Suppression of Dust at Source Rapid Removal Personal Protection Other Action Supervision Education Bibliography Addendum Subject Index