Applied Industrial Catalysis

Contributors

Preface


1 Industrial Catalysis: Chemistry Applied to Your Life-Style and Environment

I. Industrial Catalysis: Definition, Scope, and Importance

II. History of Industrial Catalysis

III. Impact on Industry and Economics

IV. Impact of Industrial Catalysis on Science

V. Catalysis Impact on Life-Styles

VI. Catalysis Research

VII. Effects of Catalysis on Life-Style

References


2 Catalyst Scale-up—Pitfall or Payoff?

I. Introduction and Definitions

II. Role of the Custom Catalyst Manufacturer

III. The Scale-up Process

IV. Pitfalls to Be Avoided

V. How Can Payoff Changes Be Increased?

Bibliography


3 Laboratory Reactors for Catalytic Studies

I. The Purpose of Laboratory Reactors

II. Transfer Processes and Rate-Limiting Steps

III. Requirements for Scale-down to Laboratory Reactors

IV. Fluid Bed Reactors

V. Tubular Fixed Bed Reactors

VI. Gradientless Reactors

VII. Conclusion

References


4 Catalytic Hydrotreating in Petroleum Refining

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Reactions

III. General Process Description

IV. Specific Process Applications

V. Catalysts

VI. Operating Performance Evaluation and Troubleshooting Guidelines

VII. Economics

VIII. Future Outlook

References


5 Catalytic Reforming of Naphtha in Petroleum Refineries

I. Introduction

II. Feed Components and Reactions

III. Process Description

IV. Catalysts

V. Operating Variables

VI. Future Reforming Growth

References


6 Catalysis of the Phillips Petroleum Company Polyethylene Process

I. Discovery and Development

II. The Catalyst System

III. Polymerization

IV. Polymer Properties

V. Manufacturing Plants

VI. Polymer Structure and Polymerization Mechanism

References


7 The Evolution of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization

I. Introduction

II. Polypropylene Market Properties

III. Laboratory-Scale Evaluation Procedures

IV. Effects of Polymerization Variables

V. Evolution of Polymerization Processes

VI. Commercial Catalyst Development

VII. Future Developments

References


8 Ethylene Oxide Synthesis

I. Ethylene Oxide

II. Synthesis

III. Ethylene Oxidation

IV. Manufacturing Processes

References


9 Oxychlorination of Ethylene

I. Introduction

II. Process Chemistry—Ethylene Oxychlorination

III. General Ethylene Oxychlorization Process Descriptions—Fluidized Beds

IV. Detailed Process Description—Stauffer Fixed Bed

V. Future Trends

References


10 Methanol Carbonylation to Acetic Acid Processes

I. History of Acetic Acid Processes

II. Process Description

III. Licensing Activities

IV. Process Chemistry

References

Appendix

Index