Applications of Biosensors in Healthcare

Volume 3

1st Edition - January 23, 2025
Editors: Md Saquib Hasnain, Amit Kumar Nayak, Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 5 9 2 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 5 9 3 - 3

Applications of Biosensors in Healthcare: Volume 3 details and explores the various ways biosensors are used in healthcare, disease management, and therapeutic delivery.… Read more

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Applications of Biosensors in Healthcare: Volume 3 details and explores the various ways biosensors are used in healthcare, disease management, and therapeutic delivery.

This is the third volume out of three volumes covering biosensors in healthcare. The volume discusses various types of biosensors and their use in diagnostics, health monitoring, disease detection, and therapeutic delivery. Combined with the Volume 1, Fundamentals of Biosensors in Healthcare, and Volume 2, Applications of Biosensors in Healthcare, the volumes provide a holistic reference source suitable for researchers, graduate students, postgraduates, and industry professionals involved in biosensing, biosensors, and biomedical applications.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Biosensors in medical devices
1 Introduction
2 Medical device and biosensor
3 How can biosensors be integrated into medical devices?
4 Kinds of biosensors in medical devices
5 Current use of biosensors in medical devices in clinical medicine
6 Quality control and standardization for biosensors in medical devices in clinical medicine
7 Limitations for biosensors in medical devices in clinical medicine
8 Future trends for biosensors in medical devices in clinical medicine
9 Conclusion
Chapter 2. Biosensors as emerging tools in cancer theranostics: Recent progress
1 Introduction
2 Biosensors as efficient diagnostics tools: basic principle and application
2.1 Molecular recognition element
2.2 Transducers
3 Types of biosensors
3.1 Electrochemical biosensors
3.2 Optical biosensor
3.3 Enzyme biosensors
3.4 Colorimetric biosensors
4 Cancer biomarkers and their significance in disease prognosis
4.1 Breast cancer
4.2 Prostate cancer
4.3 Colorectal cancer
4.4 Lung cancer
5 Recent theranostic applications of biosensors in cancer
6 Challenges in applications of biosensors
6.1 Sensitivity analysis
6.2 Continual in vivo monitoring
7 Integration and commercialization of biosensing device
8 Sustainability to the ecosystem
9 Conclusion
Chapter 3. Recent developments in biosensor based transdermal drug delivery systems
1 Introduction
2 Understanding of basic structure of human skin
3 Overview of transdermal drug delivery systems
3.1 Drug delivery mechanism
4 Biosensors
5 Bioresponsive TDDS
5.1 Classification of biosensors
5.2 Classification based on advancements in drug delivery, there are several other types of biosensor-based TDDS
6 Applications of biosensor-based TDDS
6.1 Pain management
6.2 Diabetes
6.2.1 Optical glucose sensors
6.2.2 Enzyme-based electrochemical sensors
6.2.3 Glucose dehydrogenase–based sensors
6.2.4 Nonenzymatic sensors
6.3 Obesity
6.4 Tumor and cancer
6.5 Neurological disorders
6.6 Topical diseases
6.7 Hormone replacement therapy
6.8 Wound healing
6.9 Miscellaneous
7 Conclusions
Chapter 4. Biosensors for targeted therapeutics
1 Introduction
2 Principles of biosensors
2.1 Components of biosensors
2.2 Working mechanisms of biosensors
2.3 Types of biosensors used in targeted therapeutics
2.3.1 Optical biosensors
2.3.2 Electrochemical biosensors
2.3.3 Piezoelectric biosensors
2.3.4 Thermal biosensors
2.3.5 Magnetic biosensor
3 Applications of biosensors in targeted therapeutics
4 Challenges and future perspectives
5 Conclusion
Chapter 5. Biosensors used for anticancer therapeutics
1 Introduction
2 Biosensor fundamentals
2.1 Types of biosensors
2.1.1 Electrochemical biosensors
2.1.2 Optical biosensors
2.1.3 Mass-based biosensors
3 Biomarkers in anticancer biosensing
4 Biosensors for early cancer diagnosis
5 Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 6. Biosensors for pulmonary drug delivery
1 Introduction
2 Pulmonary drug delivery and associated barriers
3 Biosensor-based pulmonary drug delivery systems
4 Smart microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based drug delivery
5 Electrochemical sensors-based drug delivery
6 Stimuli responsive biopolymers
7 Conclusions and future prospective
Chapter 7. Biosensors used for minimally invasive drug delivery monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Drug delivery methods
2.1 Invasive methods for drug delivery
2.1.1 Parenteral drug delivery
2.1.2 Subcutaneous
2.1.3 Intramuscular injections
2.1.4 Intravenous administration
2.1.5 Intra-arterial
2.2 Noninvasive methods for drug delivery
2.2.1 Transdermal drug delivery
2.2.2 Oral drug delivery
2.2.3 Inhalation delivery
2.2.4 Nasal drug delivery
2.2.5 Buccal drug delivery
2.3 Minimally invasive methods of drug delivery
3 Materials used to fabricate biosensors in drug delivery monitoring systems
3.1 Metal-organic frameworks
3.2 Polymers
3.3 Nanomaterials
4 Biosensor-based devices for drug delivery
4.1 Transdermal patches
4.2 Microneedles
4.3 DNA-based biosensors
4.4 Wearable biosensors
4.5 Iontophoresis-based biosensors
4.6 Cell-penetrating peptides
5 Type of samples
5.1 Saliva-based sensors
5.2 Tear-based sensors
5.3 Sweat-based sensors
5.4 Breath sensors
6 Biosensor-based technologies for noninvasive drug delivery monitoring
6.1 Optical biosensor-based drug delivery monitoring
6.1.1 Spectrophotometry
6.1.2 Fluorimetry
6.1.3 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
6.1.4 Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy
6.1.5 Chemiluminescence
6.1.6 Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy
6.2 Electrochemical biosensor for drug delivery monitoring
6.2.1 Microneedle-based electrochemical biosensors
6.2.2 Pencil-graphite-based electrochemical biosensors
6.2.3 Field-effect transistor-based electrochemical biosensors
6.2.4 Printed electrode-based electrochemical biosensor
7 Treatment of diseases using biosensors
7.1 Parkinson disease
7.2 Cancer
7.3 Diabetes
7.4 Cardiovascular diseases
7.5 Respiratory diseases
8 Current challenges and future prospects
Chapter 8. Biosensors for protein and peptide delivery
1 Introduction
2 Proteins and peptides as molecule recognition elements
2.1 Peptide-based protein sensors
2.2 Protein and peptide-based metallic ion sensors
2.3 Protein and peptide-based nucleic acid and other sensor types
3 Types of biosensors
3.1 Optical biosensors
3.2 Electrochemical biosensors
3.3 Mass-based biosensors
3.4 Magnetic biosensors
3.5 Thermal biosensors
3.6 Microfluidic biosensors
4 Design of protein and peptide-based biosensors
5 Applications of protein and peptide-based biosensors
6 Latest developments in the applications of (bio)sensors methods for detection of important analytes in real samples
7 Challenges and future directions
8 Conclusion
Chapter 9. Biosensors for detection of hormones and growth factors
1 Introduction
2 Overview of hormones and growth factors
2.1 Hormones
2.2 Growth factors
3 Biosensors for detection of hormones
3.1 Pancreatic hormones
3.1.1 Insulin
3.2 Thyroid hormones
3.2.1 T3 and T4
3.2.2 PTH
3.2.3 Procalcitonin and calcitonin
3.3 Sex hormones
3.3.1 Estrogen
3.3.2 Progesterone
3.3.3 Testosterone
3.4 Adrenal hormones
3.4.1 Cortisol
3.4.2 Aldosterone
3.4.3 Adrenaline (epinephrine)
3.4.4 Norepinephrine
3.5 Hypothalamus
3.5.1 Dopamine
3.5.2 Somatostatin
3.5.3 Vasopressin
3.6 Pituitary glands
3.6.1 LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH
3.6.2 Oxytocin
3.6.3 Prolactin
3.7 Pineal
3.7.1 Melatonin
4 Biosensors for detection of growth factors
4.1 Vascular endothelial growth factor
4.2 Epidermal growth factor
4.3 Platelet-derived growth factor
Chapter 10. Biosensors used in diabetes management
1 Introduction
2 Diabetes mellitus: a 21st-century challenge
3 Biomarkers for diabetes
3.1 Glucose
3.2 Insulin
3.3 Exhaled breath acetone
3.4 Mannose
3.5 Circulating MicroRNAs
3.6 α-hydroxybutyric acid
4 Biosensors used in diabetes
4.1 History
4.2 Nanobiosensors for glucose detection
4.3 Biosensors for insulin
4.3.1 Label-free insulin biosensors
4.3.2 Sandwich-type electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensors
4.3.3 Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors
4.4 Transdermal amperometric glucose biosensors
4.5 Microneedle-based glucose sensor platform
5 Hurdles for diabetes biosensors
6 Commercial biosensors
7 Conclusion
Chapter 11. Biosensors for cardiovascular applications
1 Introduction about cardiac diseases and their mortality rates
2 Cardiac biomarkers: guidelines and categories
2.1 Established cardiac-specific biomarkers
2.1.1 Established biomarker utility for acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction
2.1.2 Established biomarker utility for heart failure
2.1.3 Established biomarker utility for risk prognostication in a chronic stage
2.2 Emerging cardiac biomarkers
2.3 Cardiac biomarkers that provide add-on value for cardiovascular disease
2.4 Multiplex panels of cardiac biomarkers and their clinical benefits
3 An overview of sensing technologies for cardiovascular disease
3.1 Biosensors
3.1.1 Colorimetric multiplexed biosensors
3.1.2 Fluorescence multiplexed biosensors
3.1.3 Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical multiplexed biosensors
3.1.4 Chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence multiplexed sensors
3.1.5 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy multiplexed biosensors
3.1.6 Miscellaneous approaches
3.1.7 Commercial multiplexed CVD biosensor devices
3.2 Electroactive polymers for electrical interface in biosensors
3.2.1 Polypyrrole
3.2.2 Polyaniline
3.2.3 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
3.3 Nanosystem-based polymeric biosensors
3.4 Molecularly imprinted polymers
3.5 Aptamer-based biosensors
4 Drawbacks of polymers for biosensors
5 Healthcare technologies
5.1 Modern health care monitoring
5.2 Devices used in the field of cardiovascular disease
5.3 Multi-kinetic sensor-based technology
5.4 Trends
6 Challenges and future perspectives
7 Conclusion
Chapter 12. Biosensors for ECG interpretations
1 Introduction
2 History of ECG
3 Components of ECG wave
4 Classification of biosensors
4.1 Classification of biosensors by detection technique.
4.2 Classification of biosensors by detection molecule.
5 ECG biosensors
6 Different methods in sensing of ECG [45]
6.1 Graphene-based biosensors
6.2 Bmd101
6.3 Max30100
6.4 Max32664
6.5 Max86140/Max86141
7 Biosensors, which can be weared
8 Obstacles in the creation of wearable biosensors for cardiac hypertrophy
8.1 Repercussions for law and ethic
9 Conclusion
Chapter 13. Biosensors for cholesterol monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Principles of cholesterol biosensors for cholesterol monitoring
3 ChOx and ChEt role in cholesterol biosensor
3.1 ChOx
3.2 ChEt
4 Biosensors involved in regulating cholesterol levels
4.1 Electrochemical cholesterol biosensors
4.1.1 Microﬂuidic electrochemical biosensor
4.1.2 Cholesterol biosensors based on screen-printed carbon electrode
4.1.3 Cholesterol biosensors based on pencil graphite electrode
4.1.4 Cholesterol biosensor based on glassy carbon electrode
4.1.5 Cholesterol biosensor based on platinum electrode
4.1.6 Cholesterol biosensor based on gold electrode
4.1.7 Paper-based cholesterol biosensor
4.1.8 Indium tin oxide electrode-based cholesterol biosensor
4.2 Liquid crystal-based cholesterol biosensor
4.3 Photoelectrochemical cholesterol biosensor
4.4 Electro chemiluminescent cholesterol biosensor
4.4.1 MoS2 quantum dots and graphene quantum dots
4.4.2 ECL biosensor built on a nanocomposite of Au and hollow TiO2
4.4.3 AuNPs-based ECL biosensor
4.4.4 Graphene-based ECL biosensor with hemin functionality
4.5 BioFET biosensor made from graphene nanosheets
4.6 Piezoelectric cholesterol biosensor developed from electrospun polyaniline nanofibers
4.7 Reagentless cholesterol biosensor
4.8 Optical cholesterol biosensors
4.8.1 Tris bathophenanthroline-based ruthenium (II) complex-entrapped silicone cholesterol biosensors
4.8.2 Octadecylsilica particles-based cholesterol biosensor
4.8.3 Arylamine glass beads-based cholesterol biosensor
4.8.4 Immobilized membrane-based cholesterol biosensor
4.8.5 Hydrogel-based optic biosensor
5 Recent advancements in biosensors for cholesterol monitoring
6 Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 14. Biosensors used in hearing aids
1 Introduction
2 Types of biosensors used in hearing aids
3 Low noise amplifier for hearing aids
4 Manufacturing process and materials of hearing aids
4.1 Manual manufacturing
4.2 Digital manufacturing
4.3 Scanning
4.4 Electronic detailing
4.5 Electronic modeling
4.6 Selective laser sintering (SLS)
4.7 Stereolithography apparatus (SLA)
5 Materials used in manufacturing
5.1 Battery
6 Advanced technology used in modern hearing aids
6.1 Digital signal processing (DSP)
6.2 Microphone (input transducer)
6.3 Noise-reduction systems
6.4 Wide dynamic range compression
6.5 Receivers (output transducers)
6.6 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
6.7 Bluetooth connectivity
7 Conclusion
Chapter 15. Biosensors for menstruation and fertility monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Endometrium
2.1 Physiology and regulation of the menstrual endometrium
2.2 Endometrial implantation
2.3 Endometrial biomarkers
2.3.1 Pinopods
2.3.2 Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
2.3.3 Cytokines
2.3.4 Prostaglandins
2.3.5 Calcitonin
2.3.6 Microbiome
2.3.7 Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF)
2.3.8 Cervical mucus
2.3.9 Salivary ferning
3 Endometrial biomarkers for menstruation and fertility monitoring
3.1 Menstrual biomarkers
3.2 Biomarkers for fertility monitoring and embryo implantation
3.2.1 Hormones
4 Biosensors in menstruation and fertility
5 Commercially available biosensors
6 Clinical application
7 Implications for clinical settings
8 Conclusions
Chapter 16. Biosensors for ocular application
1 Introduction
2 Features of biosensors
3 Principle of a biosensor
4 Types of biosensors
4.1 Electrochemical biosensors
4.1.1 Amperometric biosensors
4.1.2 Potentiometric biosensors
4.1.3 Conductometric biosensors
4.2 Thermometric biosensors
4.3 Optical biosensors
4.3.1 Merits and demerits of optical biosensors
4.3.2 Advantages of optical biosensors over other types of biosensors
4.4 Piezoelectric biosensors
4.5 Wearable biosensors
5 Ocular diseases and biosensors
6 Ocular application of biosensors
7 Biosensors in case of glaucoma and diabetes mellitus
8 Challenges and future prospects for ocular biosensors
Chapter 17. Biosensors for implantable applications
1 Introduction
2 Biomaterials for implantable biosensors
3 General mechanisms of implantable biosensors
4 Application of implantable biosensors
4.1 Glucose sensing
4.2 Lactate biosensors
4.3 Dual and multi-analyte sensing
4.4 Cardiac biosensors
4.5 Neurological biosensors
4.6 Cancer diagnosis
5 Drawbacks of implantable biosensors
6 Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 18. Biosensors used for orthopedics
1 Introduction
2 Types of biosensors
2.1 Optically based biosensors
2.2 Potentiometric biosensor
2.3 Thermal biosensors
2.4 Piezoelectric biosensors
2.5 Amperometric biosensors
2.6 Enzyme biosensors
2.7 Immunosensor
2.8 Microbial sensors
2.9 Biosensor based on nucleic acids
2.10 Paper-based biosensors
2.11 Microfluidic biosensors
2.12 Cell-based biosensors
2.13 Nanostructure-based biosensors
2.13.1 Types of nanostructure-based biosensors
3 Biosensors used in orthopedics
3.1 Implantable biosensors
3.2 Strain sensors
3.3 Biomarker sensors
3.4 Temperature sensors
3.5 Pressure sensors
3.6 Electrochemical sensors
3.7 Ultrasound sensors
3.8 MRI-compatible sensors
3.9 Wearable biosensors
3.10 Carbon nanotube sensors
4 Advancements in biosensor technology
4.1 Nanobiosensors
4.1.1 Quantum dot-based nanobiosensors
4.1.2 Carbon nanotube-based nanobiosensors
4.1.3 Microfluidic-based nanobiosensors
4.1.4 Nanowire-based nanobiosensors
4.1.5 Nanorods-based nanobiosensors
4.1.6 Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors
4.1.7 Silver nanoparticles-based biosensors
4.2 Graphene-based biosensors
4.3 DNA-based biosensors
5 Biosensor integration in orthopedic practices
6 Orthopedic applications of biosensors
7 Challenges and limitations of biosensors in orthopedics
8 Future perspective
9 Conclusion
Chapter 19. Biosensors in dentistry
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of biosensor technology
2.1 Nanotechnology in biosensors
2.1.1 Types of nanostructures
2.1.2 Applications of nanostructures with biomolecules
3 Biosensors in oral health diagnostics
3.1 Salivary diagnostics
3.2 Pathogen detection
3.3 Dental caries detection
3.4 Oral cancer detection and management
4 Biosensors in dental treatment and management
4.1 Endodontics
4.2 Orthodontics
4.3 Implant dentistry
4.4 Periodontal treatment
4.5 Clinical applications and case studies
5 Challenges and future prospects dental treatment
5.1 Challenges
5.2 Future prospects
5.2.1 Personalized and predictive dentistry
5.2.2 Wearable and implantable sensors
5.2.3 Point-of-care diagnostics
5.2.4 Interdisciplinary collaboration
5.2.5 Advanced materials and sensor technology
5.2.6 Integration with regenerative dentistry
5.2.7 Digital integration and IoT
6 Conclusion
Chapter 20. Applications of biosensors for wound healing management
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of wound healing
1.2 Importance of efficient wound management
1.3 Function of biosensors in wound treatment
1.4 Characteristics and benefits of wound healing biosensors
2 Biomarkers and healing wounds
2.1 Biomarker understanding in the context of wound healing
2.2 Recognition and selection of appropriate biomarkers
2.3 Biosensors' function in biomarker detection
3 Monitoring wound oximetry with biosensors
3.1 Importance of oxygenation for wound recovery
3.2 Biosensors sensitive to oxygen
3.3 Uses and limitations of oxygen biosensors
4 pH-sensing biosensors for monitoring wound infection
4.1 Function of pH in wound healing and infection prevention
4.2 Biosensors sensitive to pH
4.3 Real-time wound pH monitoring using biosensors
5 Glucose biosensors for wound management in diabetes
5.1 Diabetes wound healing difficulties
5.2 Glucose monitoring and applications of biosensors
5.3 Continuous glucose monitoring techniques for wound treatment
6 Temperature biosensors for wound evaluation
6.1 The value of temperature for wound healing
6.2 Biosensors sensitive to temperature
6.3 Incorporation of temperature biosensors in dressings
7 Implantable and wearable biosensors in wound healing
7.1 Wearable biosensor technology in wound healing management
7.2 Applications of implantable biosensors in wound healing
7.3 Biocompatibility and risk factors
8 Analysis and interpretation of data
9 Difficulties and future prospects
Chapter 21. Biosensors for disease biomarker detections
1 Introduction
2 Role of biomarkers in cancer
3 Fluorescent biosensors (FB)
4 Fluorescent biosensors for cancer biomarkers detection
4.1 Lung cancer
4.2 Liver cancer
4.3 Brain cancer
4.4 Prostate cancer
4.5 Breast cancer
4.6 Esophageal cancer
4.7 Uterus/endometrial cancer
4.8 Cervical cancer
4.9 Thyroid cancer
4.10 Lymphoma
4.11 Bladder cancer
4.12 Kidney cancer
4.13 Ovarian cancer
4.14 Cancer in male reproductive organ
5 Conclusions
Chapter 22. Biosensors used in cancer diagnosis
1 Introduction
2 Biosensors used in cancer diagnosis
2.1 Nonspecific biomarkers
2.1.1 Enzymes
2.1.2 Hormones
2.1.3 Oncofetal antigens
2.2 Specific biomarkers
2.2.1 Breast cancer
2.2.2 Hepatocellular carcinoma
2.2.3 Ovarian cancer
2.2.4 Pancreatic cancer
2.2.5 Prostate cancer
3 Conclusion
Chapter 23. Biosensors for the diagnosis of infectious diseases
1 Introduction
2 History of biosensors
3 Designing biosensors
4 Application of biosensors for infectious disease diagnosis
4.1 Biosensors for COVID-19
4.2 Biosensors for tuberculosis
4.3 Biosensors for diagnosis of leishmaniasis
4.4 Biosensors for malaria
5 CRISPR/Cas system-based biosensors for infectious diseases diagnosis
6 Artificial intelligence-based wearable biosensor technology
7 Translation of biosensors into clinical trials
8 Conclusion and future prospectives
Chapter 24. Biosensor for noninvasive measurements
1 Introduction
2 Principle of electrochemical biosensors
3 Noninvasive biosensors
3.1 Types of noninvasive biosensors
3.1.1 Salivary biosensors
3.1.2 Tear biosensors
3.1.3 Sweat biosensors
3.1.4 Urine biosensors
3.1.5 Breath analysis biosensors
3.2 Applications of noninvasive biosensors
3.3 Enzyme bioreceptors: biosensors
3.4 DNA biosensor working theory
4 Component of biosensors
5 Types of noninvasive biosensors
5.1 Saliva-based sensors
5.1.1 Applications of saliva-based sensors
5.1.2 Advantages of saliva-based sensors
5.1.3 Challenges and future developments
5.2 Tear-based sensors
5.2.1 Applications of tear-based sensors
5.2.2 Advantages of tear-based sensors
5.3 Sweat-based sensors
5.3.1 Applications of sweat-based biosensors
5.3.2 Advantages of sweat-based biosensors
6 Future prospective
7 Conclusion
Chapter 25. Biosensors in drug analysis
1 General introduction
1.1 Drug discovery
1.2 Drug analysis
2 Classification of biosensors in drug analysis
2.1 Enzyme-based biosensors
2.2 Genetic-based biosensors
2.2.1 Types of genetic-based biosensors
2.2.2 Genetic-based biosensors in drug analysis
2.2.3 Challenges and future perspectives
2.3 Antibody-based biosensors
2.3.1 Types of antibodies-based biosensors
2.3.1.1 Monoclonal antibody-based biosensors
2.3.1.2 Polyclonal antibody-based biosensors
2.3.1.3 Recombinant antibody-based biosensors
2.3.1.4 Engineered antibody fragments-based biosensors
2.3.1.5 Application of immunosensor in drug analysis
3 Biosensors in forensic and drug abuse analysis
Chapter 26. Biosensors for nucleic acid detection
1 Introduction
2 Nucleic acid-based biosensors
3 Optical biosensors for nucleic acid
3.1 Colorimetric biosensors
4 SPR-based biosensors for nucleic acid detection
5 LSPR-based biosensors for nucleic acid detection
6 Fluorescence-based biosensors for nucleic acid detection
7 Electrochemical biosensors for nucleic acid detection
8 Functional nucleic acid-based biosensor
9 Colorimetric functional nucleic acid biosensors
10 CRISPER/CAS-based biosensor
11 Paper-based nucleic acid biosensors
12 Microfluidics-based sensor
13 Lateral flow assay
14 Wearable biosensors
15 Conclusion with future perspective
Chapter 27. Biosensors used for detection of toxic and heavy metals in biological samples
1 Introduction
2 Protein-based biosensor
2.1 Enzyme-based biosensors
2.2 Immunosensors
2.3 Other protein-based biosensors
3 Nucleic acid-based biosensor
4 Whole-cell-based biosensors
4.1 Natural
4.2 Genetically engineered
5 Future prospective
6 Conclusion
Chapter 28. Applications of antibody-based sensors in the food sector
1 Introduction
2 Immobilization of antibody
3 Applications of immunosensors in food sector
4 Detection of antibiotics
5 Detection of toxin
6 Detection of pathogens
7 Detection of pesticides
8 Detection of allergens
9 Detection of endocrine-disrupting hormones
10 Conclusion
Chapter 29. Biosensors used for bioimaging applications
1 Introduction
2 Types of biosensors
2.1 Optical biosensors
2.2 Fluorescent biosensors
2.3 Bioluminescent biosensors
2.4 Magnetic resonance biosensors
2.5 Electrochemical biosensors
2.6 Acoustic biosensors
2.7 Plasmonic biosensors
2.7.1 Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors
2.7.2 Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors
3 Principles and mechanisms
3.1 Molecular recognition and detection mechanisms
4 Applications of biosensor
4.1 Applications of biosensors in cellular and subcellular imaging
4.1.1 Real-time imaging simultaneously utilizing genetically encoded sensor
4.2 Applications of biosensors in tissue imaging
4.3 Biosensor in in vivo imaging
4.4 Biosensors in clinical and diagnostic imaging
5 Emerging trends and future directions
6 Conclusion
Chapter 30. Biosensors for plant pathogen detection
1 Introduction
2 Plant pathogens
2.1 Types of plant pathogens
2.1.1 Viruses
2.1.2 Bacteria
2.1.3 Fungi
2.1.4 Nematodes
3 Impact on agriculture practices and food security
4 Biosensors
4.1 Components of biosensors
4.2 Recognition elements
4.3 Transducers
4.4 Signal processor
4.5 Working principle
5 Types of biosensors for plant pathogen detection
5.1 Nucleic acid-based biosensors
5.1.1 Voltammetric analysis for label-free DNA hybridization detection
5.1.2 Nanopores-based technologies
5.2 Optical DNA sensors
5.2.1 Lateral flow assays based on AuNPs
5.2.2 DNA analysis via AuNPs aggregation and associated methodologies
5.2.3 Fluorescent strategies for microfluidics
5.2.4 Electrochemiluminescence in DNA detection
5.2.5 Nanochannels as future of DNA analysis
5.3 Antibody-based biosensors
5.3.1 Enzymatic voltammetric detection
5.3.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for label-free detection
5.3.3 Label-free techniques utilizing quartz crystal microbalance
5.4 Aptamer-based biosensors
5.5 Enzyme-based biosensors
5.6 Bacteriophage-based biosensors
6 Applications of biosensors in plant pathogen detection
6.1 On-site monitoring and early detection
6.2 High-throughput screening
6.3 Quarantine and biosecurity measures
6.4 Disease surveillance and monitoring
7 Challenges and future perspectives
7.1 Sensitivity and specificity improvement
7.2 Robustness and stability
7.3 Multiplex detection
7.4 Detection of protozoa
7.5 Cost reduction
8 Summary
Chapter 31. Biosensors in food packaging
1 Food packaging
2 Biosensors
3 Components of biosensors
4 Working principle of biosensor
5 Classification and types of biosensors in used food packaging
6 Enzyme-based biosensors
7 Immuno-biosensors
8 Whole-cell biosensors
9 Advantages and disadvantages of biosensors in food packaging
10 Application of biosensor integration in food packaging
10.1 Gas sensing
10.2 Gases detected
11 Radio-frequency identification-based biosensors
12 Time-temperature indicators
13 Oxygen sensors for modified atmosphere packaging
14 Fluorescent and microfluidic biosensors
15 Sustainable and eco-friendly biosensor
16 Advancements in food packaging
17 Challenges in biosensors integrated food packaging
17.1 Risk assessment
17.2 Contaminant detection
17.3 Pathogen detection
17.4 Bioreceptor longevity
17.5 Quality monitoring
17.6 Antigen recognition
17.7 Fraud prevention and authentication
17.8 Environmental surveillance
17.9 Supply chain management
17.10 Future perspectives
18 Summary
Chapter 32. Current challenges and future prospects for biosensor application in healthcare
1 Introduction
2 Biosensors commercially available in the market versus biosensors used day-to-day
3 Challenges with available biosensors
3.1 Challenges associated with affinity biosensors
3.1.1 Sensitivity of biosensor
3.1.2 Selectivity and specificity of biosensor
3.1.3 Regeneration of biosensor
3.2 Challenges associated with optical biosensors
3.3 Challenges associated with electrochemical biosensors
4 Recent advances in biosensors used in healthcare
4.1 Electrochemical biosensors
4.2 Enzyme biosensors
4.3 Graphene biosensors
4.4 Microfluidics biosensors
4.5 SPR biosensors
5 Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring
5.1 Smartwatches
5.2 Wrist patches
5.3 Smart glasses
5.4 Headgears
6 Nanoscience in biosensors
6.1 Carbon nanotubes used in biosensing
6.2 Graphene-based nanomaterials used in biosensing
6.3 Inorganic nanomaterials used in biosensing
7 Market scope of biosensors used in healthcare applications
8 Conclusion/summary
Chapter 33. Nanosensors in the food industry and agriculture
1 Introduction
1.1 Bottom-up
1.2 Top-down
2 Current status of nanosensors in the food-agri sector
2.1 Nanosensors
2.2 Current trends of nanosensors in the food-agri sector
3 Application of nanosensors in food-agri sector
4 Challenges and opportunities of nanosensors
5 Conclusion and future scope
Index

Md Saquib Hasnain

Prof. (Dr.) Md Saquib Hasnain has over 13 years of research experience in the field of drug delivery and pharmaceutical formulation analyses, especially systematic development and characterization of diverse nanostructured drug delivery systems, controlled release drug delivery systems, bioenhanced drug delivery systems, nanomaterials and nanocomposites employing Quality by Design approaches and many more. Till date he has authored over 100 publications in various high impact peer-reviewed journals, more than 100 book chapters and 30 books to his credit. He is also serving as the reviewer of several prestigious journals. Overall, he has earned a highly impressive publishing and cited record. He has also participated and presented his research work at over ten conferences in India, and abroad. He was also a member of scientific societies i.e., Royal Society of Chemistry, Great Britain, International Association of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Switzerland and Swiss Chemical Society, Switzerland.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

Amit Kumar Nayak

Dr. Amit Kumar Nayak (MPharm, PhD) is working as a professor, at the Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India. He has earned his PhD from IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has over 14 years of research experiences in the field of pharmaceutics, especially in the development and characterization of novel biopolymeric and nanostructured drug delivery systems. Till date, he has authored more than 138 research and review publications in various high-impact peer-reviewed journals and 135 book chapters. He has edited/authored 23 international books to his credit. Dr. Nayak has presented his research work at several conferences. He has received University Foundation Day Research Award, 2019 and 2022 by Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha. Dr. Nayak is a life member of the Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India (APTI) and a registered pharmacist.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Tejraj M. Aminabhavi

Tejraj M. Aminabhavi is the Director of Research at the Center for Energy and Environment , School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, India. He works in the area of membrane transport processes, molecular modeling of polymer surfaces, wastewater treatment technologies, drug delivery polymers and sustainable environmental engineering.

Affiliations and expertise

Director of Research, Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Applications of Biosensors in Healthcare

Volume 3

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Md Saquib Hasnain

Amit Kumar Nayak

Tejraj M. Aminabhavi