Anandamide in Health and Disease

1st Edition - September 1, 2024
Editor: Bernard Le Foll
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 0 8 1 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 0 2 5 6 - 5

Anandamide in Health and Disease, a volume in the Molecular Mediators in Health and Disease: How Cells Communicate series, is a complete reference on the roles of anandamide in… Read more

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Anandamide in Health and Disease, a volume in the Molecular Mediators in Health and Disease: How Cells Communicate series, is a complete reference on the roles of anandamide in health and disease states. Following the characteristics of the series, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of the mediator on human health.

The book is divided into two parts, the first of which provides background information on biology, regulation, synthesis and degradation and modulation of anandamide. The second part is dedicated to covering the role of anandamide in various diseases. A comprehensive panel of authors cover several somatic and psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychosis and substance use disorders. Additionally, the role of anandamide across epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and digestive conditions is explored.

Anandamide in Health and Disease is the perfect reference for bioscience researchers seeking to understand anandamide pharmacology, biochemistry, cellular, and molecular biology. Clinicians may also be interested in better understanding the wide-ranging health effects of the mediator.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Molecular Mediators in Health and Disease: How Cells Communicate
Copyright
Contributors
An introduction to the role of anandamide in health and disease
Series preface
Part I. Introduction to anandamide
Chapter 1. Regulation of the levels of anandamide and its bioactive congeners by biosynthesis and degradation
1. Introduction. Discovery and biological role of anandamide and its congeners
2. Biosynthesis of anandamide and its congeners
3. Inactivation of anandamide and its congeners
4. SNPs of the main enzymes specifically involved in N-acyl-ethanolamine biosynthesis and degradation
5. Therapeutic manipulation of anandamide and N-acyl-ethanolamine levels through pharmacological and dietary interventions
6. Conclusions
Chapter 2. Imaging the endocannabinoid enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase in the living human brain
1. Harvesting the therapeutic potential of fatty acid amide hydrolase
2. Fatty acid amide hydrolase
3. The development of FAAH inhibitors
4. Trials with FAAH inhibitors in humans
5. Positron emission tomography as a tool to investigate FAAH in vivo
6. Development of PET radiotracers for FAAH
7. PET radiotracers for FAAH not yet translated to human
8. Human PET imaging of [11C]CURB for the key endocannabinoid enzyme FAAH
9. Conclusions and future direction
Chapter 3. Anandamide: From modulation of neuronal excitation to antimicrobial activities—What is in common?
1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis of Anandamide and its metabolism
3. Human receptors that bind anandamide and their downstream signal transduction pathways
4. Immunomodulatory activities of anandamide
5. The link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS), the gut microbiota and diseases
6. Antibacterial effects of anandamide
7. Antifungal effects of anandamide
8. Conclusions
Part II. Anandamide in diseases
Chapter 4. Anandamide and mood disorders
1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of N-arachidonoylethanolamine as a signaling molecule
3. AEA-mediated signaling in brain regions essential for mood regulation
4. AEA-mediated regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
5. Preclinical, behavioral studies
6. Human studies
7. Neurobiological associations
8. Clinical studies with FAAH inhibitors
9. Conclusions
Chapter 5. Anandamide and anxiety
1. Introduction
2. Studies in healthy adults
3. Anxiety disorders
4. Clinical populations other than anxiety disorders
5. Overall conclusions: Is there a relationship between anandamide and anxiety?
Chapter 6. Anandamide and disease. Role in stress, fear, and PTSD
1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
2. Mechanisms underlying PTSD
3. Treatment of PTSD
4. Cannabinoids as treatments for PTSD
5. Anandamide as a target: Mechanisms involved in stress reactivity
6. Anandamide as a target: Mechanisms involved in fear extinction
7. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Anandamide in disease: Role in psychosis
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Interpretation of results and discussion
5. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Anandamide in personality disorders
1. Introduction
2. Borderline personality disorder
3. Antisocial personality disorder
4. ECS and BPD and ASPD
5. Fatty acid amide hydrolase
6. Studies of the ECS in BPD
7. Studies of the ECS in ASPD
8. Discussion
Chapter 9. A brief review of anandamide in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder
1. Introduction
2. Review of the current knowledge on anandamide and cannabis
3. Concluding remarks: Implications for clinical care and future directions
Chapter 10. Anandamide signaling dysfunction in the development of alcohol use disorders
1. Introduction
2. The function of AEA in alcohol use disorders (AUDs)
3. The function of AEA/CB1 signaling in the reinforcing properties of alcohol
4. The function of AEA/CB1 signaling in alcohol consumption/self-administration behavior
5. The AEA/CB1 signaling in alcohol tolerance and dependence
6. The AEA/CB1 signaling in alcohol relapse behavior
7. The AEA/CB1 signaling and susceptibility to AUDs
8. The AEA/CB1 signaling in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
9. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Role of anandamide in nicotine addiction
1. Introduction
2. The endocannabinoid system
3. Studies with rimonabant (inverse agonist for CB1) implicate the endocannabinoid system in nicotine addiction
4. Role of anandamide in nicotine addiction
5. Human studies
6. Conclusions
Chapter 12. The role of anandamide in the sleep–wake cycle
1. What is sleep?
2. Neuroanatomical and neurochemistry regulation of sleep–wake cycle
3. Endocannabinoids
4. Anandamide
5. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Anandamide: The good and bad in epilepsy
1. Introduction
2. AEA in epilepsy
3. Changes in AEA after seizure(s)
4. Boosting anandamide in seizure models
5. Preventing anandamide degradation with fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors
6. Short-term postictal dysfunction following seizures
7. Long-term comorbidities in epilepsy
8. Anxiety and epilepsy
9. Fear processing and epilepsy
10. Depression and epilepsy
11. Concluding remarks and future directions
Chapter 14. Role of anandamide in Alzheimer's disease
1. Introduction
2. Endocannabinoid system and anandamide in the brain
3. ECS and anandamide in AD
4. Therapeutic potential
5. Anandamide in other neurological disorders
6. Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 15. The role of anandamide in digestive and defensive functions of the gut
1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis and degradation of anandamide in the gut
3. Expression of the biosynthetic and degradative enzymes for anandamide in the gut
4. Regional expression studies and levels of anandamide in the GI tract
5. Receptor targets and regulation of anandamide
6. Functional roles of anandamide in the GI tract
7. Summary and future directions
Chapter 16. The role of anandamide and the endocannabinoids in the treatment and regulation of nausea and vomiting
1. Introduction
2. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
3. Cannabinoids in human CINV patients
4. Endocannabinoid levels in humans experiencing nausea and vomiting
5. Animal models of nausea and vomiting
6. Manipulations of eCBs in animal models of CINV
7. N-acyl glycines in animal models of CINV
8. General conclusions
Chapter 17. Conclusion: Anandamide's multifaceted impact: Modulating body functions and health conditions
1. Lipid signaling
2. Innovative imaging approaches for unraveling endocannabinoid signaling and enzyme regulation
3. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities of anandamide
4. The role of anandamide in mental health
5. Anandamide and substance use disorders
6. Anandamide's potential role in sleep regulation
7. The role of anandamide in epilepsy
8. The role of anandamide in Alzheimer's disease
9. Anandamide as a regulator of gastrointestinal physiology, intestinal homeostasis, and host defense
10. The role of anandamide in nausea and vomiting across different conditions
11. Concluding remarks
Index

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Anandamide in Health and Disease

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Bernard Le Foll