An Outline of Sociology as Applied to Medicine

Preface to the Third Edition1 Introduction2 Going to the Doctor The Experience of Symptoms Illness Behavior Importance of Illness Behavior for the Doctor Illness Behavior and the Medical Model3 Measuring Health and Illness Mortality Morbidity Prevalence Studies Sickness Absence Rates Caseload Measures of Functioning Self-Report Measures Subjective Health Measures Quality of Life Measures4 Social Causes of Illness Causal Models Establishing a Causal Relationship Social Factors Social Integration Social Support Life Events5 Labeling Behavior Primary Deviance Secondary Deviance Stigma Disability and Handicap Labeling and Psychiatric Disease6 Social Patterns of Illness: I Explaining Illness Patterns Historical Changes Geography Occupation Gender Ethnicity Unemployment7 Social Patterns of Illness: II Age Social Class8 Coping with Illness Managing Labels Coping with Chronic Illness Carers9 Models of Illness Exploring Abdominal Pain Symptoms and Pathology Biographical Medicine Alternative Models of Illness Models of the Doctor-Patient Relationship10 Types of Health Care Self-Care Family Care Community Care Self-Help Groups Professional Care11 Clinical Autonomy Controlling Information Controlling Costs Paying the Doctor Evaluating Doctors' Decisions12 Delivering Health Care Allocating Scarce Resources The Market for Health Care in the USA Government Provision of Health Care in the UK Towards a National Health Service13 Evaluating Health Care Is the Health Care System Effective/Efficient? Does the Health Care System Meet the 'Real' Needs of Its Consumers? Is the Health Care System Fair? Is the Health Care System Iatrogenic?14 The Social Basis of Disease Defining Disease Normality in Medicine The Biological Basis of Disease15 The Social Role of Medicine Illness as a Deviance The Doctor as Agent of Social Control Explaining the Place of MedicineBibliographyIndex