An Introduction to the Microbiome in Health and Diseases

1st Edition - April 22, 2024
Editors: Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, N. Esiobu, Rotimi E. Aluko
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 1 9 0 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 4 7 2 - 7

The gut microbiome plays a very important role in your health. It controls digestion and has a beneficial impact on your immune system and other aspects of health. An In… Read more

An Introduction to the Microbiome in Health and Diseases

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The gut microbiome plays a very important role in your health. It controls digestion and has a beneficial impact on your immune system and other aspects of health. An Introduction to the Microbiome in Health and Diseases is a prelude to subsequent books on this topic which provides in-depth coverage on the microbiome from basic to clinical microbiology.

This introductory volume offers an overview on the microbiome and explores the role of the human microbiome in health and disease outcomes. It examines the compositional structure and molecular approaches to microbiome characterization and identification. Additional coverage also includes an introduction to animal microbiomes, plant microbiomes, epigenetic programming, gut microbiota and the impact of diet and exercise, as well as the relationship between the microbiome and COVID-19.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1. Microbiome: Introduction and recent advances
Introduction
Microbiome and diseases
The medical relevance of microbiome in the health sector
Chapter 2. Why the need for microbiome? An updated perspective
Introduction
Microbiome and Metabolism
Lipid metabolism
Protein metabolism
Microbiome and the environment
Gut microbiome and its metabolites
Microbiome and health
Maternal microbiome and fetal health
Microbiome and metabolic health
Microbiome and cardiovascular health
Microbiome in agriculture and food industry
Relationship between plants and microbiome
Microbiome as a source of novel therapeutics
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Procedures for sampling of small and larger samples of microbiome
Introduction
General overview
Sampling of microbiomes
Fecal microbiome sample collection
Endoscopy
Colonic lavage fluid
Swallowable sampling devices
Conclusion
Chapter 4. Microbiome characterization and identification: key emphasis on molecular approaches
Introduction
Microbiome characterization and identification
Microbiome characterization using nucleic acid–based molecular techniques
Microbiome characterization using omics approaches
Microbiome characterization: the landscape of genome and transcriptome
Microbiome characterization: impact of sequencing and bioinformatics tools
Drawbacks of microbial phenotypic typing
Understanding the microbial genome and sequencing
Understanding microbial diversity
Next-generation sequencing techniques for the microbiome
NGS techniques of microbiomes
16S/18S/ITS rDNA amplicon sequencing
Metagenomic shotgun sequencing
Conclusion
Chapter 5. COVID-19 and microbiome
Introduction
Covid-19, ACE2, and microbiome
COVID-19 and fecal microbiome transplantation
Microbiome and severity of COVID-19
Microbiome and hypertension in COVID-19
Gut microbiota, immune response, and COVID-19
Neonatal microbiome and COVID-19
Probiotics and COVID-19
Butyrate and COVID-19 management
Gut microbiome and COVID-19-associated gastrointestinal dysfunctions
Summary and conclusion
Chapter 6. Introduction to plant microbiome
Introduction
Determination of plant microbiomes
Environmental factors and microbiomes
Anthropogenic factors and plant microbiomes
Challenges, future perspectives, and conclusion
Chapter 7. Introduction to animal microbiome
Introduction
Rumen and microbiomes
Bird gut and microbiomes
Microbiome in captive and wild animals
Omics in animal microbiome analysis
Animal microbiome
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Patents, bioproducts, commercialization, social, ethical, and economic policies on microbiome
Introduction
Microbiome patents
Microbiome biproducts
Social and ethical concerns of microbiome research
Microbiome commercialization
Economic impact on microbiome
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Introduction to gut microbiome and epigenetics: Their role in polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis
Introduction
Overview of PCOS
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome
Altered gut microbial communities in PCOS
Epigenetics mechanisms and gut microbiota
Role of diet in microbiota composition and epigenetics
Transgenerational inheritance of PCOS: role of epigenetics
Interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and PCOS
Summary and conclusion
Chapter 10. Introduction to epigenetic programming by gut microbiota
Introduction
Epigenetics of bacterial infections
The process involved in the host acetylation system by bacteria
Regulation of histone acetylation
Gut microbiome and epigenetic regulations
Epigenetic machineries and the microbiome
Gut microbiome: Before or after birth?
Microbiota–immune regulation–epigenetics axis
Diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic regulation
The involvement of microbiota in immune regulation
Conclusion
Chapter 11. Gut microbiota, nutrition, and health: Fundamental and basic principle
Introduction
Diet and gut microbiota
SCFAs, gut-derived and exogenous
Gut dysbiosis
Analytical approach for gut microbiota identification
Microbiota applications in health and disease
Conclusion
Index

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

Prof. Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji is a full Professor at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and the Director of Research and Innovation, Edo State University Uzairue (EDSU), Edo State, Nigeria. He formerly served as the Acting Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Head of the Department of Microbiology, and Sub Dean of the Faculty of Science. Currently, he holds the positions of Chairman of the Grant Committee and Dean of the Faculty of Science at EDSU.

Prof. Adetunji is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology in the UK. Additionally, he serves as a Visiting Professor and the Executive Director of the Center for Biotechnology at Precious Cornerstone University, Nigeria. His research centers on applying biological techniques and microbial bioprocesses to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contribute to advancements in agriculture.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and the Director of Research and Innovation, Edo State University Uzairue (EDSU), Edo State, Nigeria.

Olugbenga Samuel Michael

Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Ph.D, is a faculty at the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. His research interest over the years has focused on the cardiometabolic interactions that affect physiological processes in the body. His work on cardiovascular, renal and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in metabolic syndrome has made significant contribution to ongoing investigations to provide therapeutics for the management of metabolic syndrome. Microbiome research and its application in health and disease especially its involvement in the pathogenesis or management of cardiometabolic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome has been one of his research interests. Furthermore, He explored the use and understanding of the mechanism of plant phytochemicals, nutraceuticals, pharmafoods and diets for the treatment of diseases. He has published several scientific journals and conference proceedings in local and international journals. He is a member of many scientific and professional bodies like Physiological Society, UK, European society of cardiologist, international society of hypertension, and Physiological Society of Nigeria

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

N. Esiobu

Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu – (Ph.D., University of Louvain, Belgium; Post Doc. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge USA) is currently a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Fl. USA, where her microbial biotech laboratory integrates environmental genomics and health risk assessment with rapid pathogen detection using synthetic biology. Her research interests in agriculture and health include molecular ecology of plant invasion, soil fertility, and the applications of microbiomes in humans and plants. She has served in senior professional leadership roles in academia, industry and policy; including selection panel for the US President’s award for excellence in Math and Science (Washington DC) and more than 11 years on Committees of the Board of the American Society for Microbiology. A Fellow of the Biotechnology Society of Nigeria and a Jefferson Science Fellow, she was selected by the National Academy of Sciences as a senior science advisor to Secretary Clinton’s office of Global Food Security (GFS) and the Office of International Health and Biodefense (OES/IHB), US Department of State, Washington DC, and named world-class Faculty by the City of Fort Lauderdale for her contributions to the scientific enterprise

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic Univeristy, Boca Raton, FL, USA

Rotimi E. Aluko

Dr. Rotimi Aluko earned a PhD in Food Chemistry from the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada and is currently a Professor of Human Nutritional Sciences at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. His research focus is on functional foods with an emphasis on food protein-derived bioactive peptides.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair (Bioactive peptides), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

An Introduction to the Microbiome in Health and Diseases

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Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

Olugbenga Samuel Michael

N. Esiobu

Rotimi E. Aluko