AMORPHOUS METALLIC ALLOYS

PrefaceList of Contributors1 Amorphous Metallic Alloys 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Historical Development of Amorphous Metallic Alloys 1.3 Previous Reviews References2 Metallic Glass Formation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Undercooling of the Melt and Glass Formation 2.3 Glass Forming Ability in Metallic Materials 2.4 Theory of Metallic Glass Formation 2.5 Influence of Process Variables References3 Sample Preparation: Methods And Process Characterization 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sample Preparation Techniques 3.3 Process Characterization 3.4 Conclusions References4 Modelling the Atomic Structure 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Ideal Hard-Sphere Glass: The Bernai Model 4.3 Computer Construction of the Hard-Sphere Models 4.4 'Real' Amorphous Alloys 4.5 Conclusions References5 Experimental Determination of Atomic Scale Structure of Amorphous Alloys by Scattering Experiments 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Scattering Theory of Amorphous Metals 5.3 Experimental Methods 5.4 Evaluation of the Partial Structure Factors in Binary Amorphous Alloys 5.5 Exafs Studies of the Local Atomic Arrangements in Amorphous Metals References6 Experimental Determination of Short-Range Structure of Amorphous Alloys by Pulsed Neutron Scattering 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Neutron Total Scattering Experiment 6.3 High-Resolution Observation of Short-Range Structure 6.4 Metal-Metalloid Amorphous Alloys 6.5 Metal-Metal Amorphous Alloys 6.6 Local Environment Around Hydrogen Atoms in Amorphous Alloys 6.7 Conclusions References7 Atomic Short-Range Ordering in Amorphous Metal Alloys 7.1 Atomic Short-Range Order in Amorphous and Liquid Alloys 7.2 Chemical Short-Range Order (CSRO) 7.3 Geometrical Short-Range Order (GSRO) 7.4 Thermal Effects on SRO 7.5 Concluding Remarks References8 Local Electronic Structure Theory of Amorphous Metals 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Comparison of Bulk and Cluster Models of Electronic Structure 8.3 Cluster Models of Transition Metal - Metalloid Systems References9 Electronic Structure Determination 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experiments on the Electronic Structure 9.3 Experimental Results and Comparison with Theory 9.4 Conclusions References10 Crystallization 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Experimental Techniques 10.3 Crystallization Temperatures and their Compositional Dependence 10.4 Thermodynamics of Crystallization: Crystallization Reactions 10.5 Growth Rates and Morphologies 10.6 Nucleation 10.7 Overall Crystallization Kinetics 10.8 Phase Separation 10.9 Influence of External Factors 10.10 Technical Implications References11 Structural Relaxation in Metallic Glasses 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Glassy State Ordering Parameters 11.3 Relaxation Phenomena 11.4 Low Temperature (sub-sub-Tg) and High Temperature (sub-Tg) Relaxation 11.5 Influence of Annealing on Other Properties 11.6 Kinetics of Relaxation Processes 11.7 Deformation and Irradiation Effects 11.8 A New Aspect of Structural Relaxation 11.9 A New Model Glass Transition 11.10 Concluding Remarks References12 Strength, Ductility and Toughness — A Study in Model Mechanics 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Statics of Plastic Deformation 12.3 Dynamics of Inhomogeneous Plastic Flow 12.4 Mechanics of Fracture References13 Flow and Fracture 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Homogeneous Flow 13.3 Inhomogeneous Flow 13.4 Fracture References14 Fundamental Magnetic Properties 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Saturation Moments and Curie Temperatures: Compositional Dependence 14.3 Discussion 14.4 Temperature Dependence of Magnetization 14.5 Anisotropy and Magnetostriction 14.6 Conclusions References15 Itinerant Electron Model of Magnetic Properties 15.1 Introduction to the Itinerant Electron Model 15.2 Some Itinerant Aspects of Amorphous Ferromagnetism 15.3 Magnetoelasticity; Invar Behaviour 15.4 Effects of Amorphicity References16 Magnetic Anisotropy 16.1 Introduction 16.2 As-Received Magnetic Anisotropies 16.3 Induced Magnetic Anisotropies References17 Magneto Volume Effects in Amorphous Alloys 17.1 Introduction 17.2 The Curie Temperature and Magnetic Moment 17.3 Thermal Expansion Anomaly 17.4 High-Field Susceptibility 17.5 Forced Volume Magnetostriction 17.6 Pressure Effect on the Curie Temperature 17.7 Reduced Magnetization Curves 17.8 Mössbauer Effect 17.9 Rhodes-Wohlfarth Plot 17.10 Spin Wave Stiffness Constant 17.11 Low Temperature Specific Heat 17.12 Electrical Resistivity and Galvanomagnetic Effects 17.13 Elastic Properties 17.14 Recent Results: Metal-Metal Alloy Systems 17.15 Summary and Remarks References18 Magnetic After-Effects and the Hysteresis Loop 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Experimental Techniques for the Study of Magnetic After-Effects 18.3 Magnetic After-Effect Spectra of Amorphous Alloys 18.4 Magnetic After-Effects of Hydrogen-Charged Amorphous Alloys 18.5 Interpretations of Magnetic After-Effects in Amorphous Alloys 18.6 Influence of Magnetic After-Effects on Magnetic Properties References19 Applications-Oriented Magnetic Properties 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Coercivity 19.3 Remanence-to-Saturation Ratio and the Hysteresis Curves 19.4 Losses 19.5 Susceptibility, Permeability and Exciting Volt-Amperes 19.6 The Effects of Temperature and Time References20 Applications of Amorphous Metals: Progress and Prospects 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Soft Magnetic Applications 20.3 Mechanical Applications 20.4 Device-Oriented Applications References21 Electrical Transport Properties 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Electrical Resistivity 21.3 Characteristic Features of the Resistivity of Amorphous Metallic Alloys 21.4 Theoretical Approaches to the Electron Transport in Amorphous Alloys 21.5 Thermopower 21.6 Resistivity of Magnetic Amorphous Alloys: A Unified Approach 21.7 Hall Effect 21.8 Conclusion References22 Superconducting Properties of Amorphous Metallic Alloys 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Occurrence of Superconductivity in Amorphous Alloys 22.3 Degree of Homogeneity and Superconducting Properties 22.4 Relaxation Effects 22.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects References23 Thermal Properties of Amorphous Metallic Alloys 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Phonon Thermal Properties 23.3 Electron Thermal Properties 23.4 Thermal Properties of Magnetic Alloys 23.5 Thermal Properties of Superconducting Alloys 23.6 Conclusions References24 Chemical Properties 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Corrosion-Resistant Amorphous Alloys 24.3 Catalysis 24.4 Concluding Remarks References25 Atomic Diffusion in Amorphous Alloys 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Experimental Techniques 25.3 Diffusion Coefficients in Amorphous Alloys 25.4 Diffusion of Hydrogen in Amorphous Alloys 25.5 Diffusion Mechanisms in Amorphous Alloys References26 Amorphous Metal Powder: Production and Consolidation 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Powder Production Processes 26.3 Process Theory 26.4 Consolidation 26.5 Conclusions ReferencesIndex of Amorphous AlloysSubject Index