B-Cell Induction Therapies in Intestinal Transplantation
Key points
Background
Nature of the problem
Clinical evidence
Therapeutic options
Summary
Clinics care points
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Intestinal Transplant Rejection: Through the Lens of Inflammatory Bowel and Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Diseases
Key points
Introduction
Innate immunity in intestinal transplantation
Loss of paneth cells may contribute to worsening of intestinal transplant rejection
An overview of the mononuclear phagocyte system
M1 macrophages orchestrate allogeneic dysregulation between host and graft
M2 macrophages are effectors of chronic rejection
Regulatory macrophages maintain immunologic homeostasis that is critical to graft survival
Natural killer cells are capable of inducing both tolerance and tissue destruction
Overview of innate lymphoid cells
Type 1 innate lymphoid cells ILCS are effectors of proinflammatory immune dysregulation
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells do not appear to play a major role in the innate immunity of the intestine
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells population maintains immune homeostasis and tissue tolerance
ILC1:ILC3 ratio predicts outcome in inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal transplantation
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells can trans-differentiate into type 1 innate lymphoid cells
High levels of IL-22 secreted by ILC3S in intestinal allograft biopsies IS associated with graft tolerance and survival
Adaptive immunity in intestinal transplantation
T cell activation: a new player emerges—the inverted direct pathway
Type 1 and type 2 T helper cells are the foundations of intestinal inflammation
Intestinal graft rejection is driven by type 17 T helper cells
Regulatory T cells assume a proinflammatory TH1/TH17-like phenotype in ITX rejection, leading to loss of their immunosuppressive function
TH17/TREG paradigm: imbalance of relative TH17 and Treg cell populations and T cell plasticity potentially exacerbates intestinal transplantation rejection
Unconventional T cells in the GI tract may also contribute to intestinal transplant rejection
Summary
Clinics care points
Metabolomic Applications in Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions in Human Diseases
Key points
Introduction
Background
Approach
Integrating metabolomics in gut microbiome-disease interactions
Gut bacterial and metabolic alterations in gastrointestinal diseases
Gut bacterial and metabolic alterations in systemic diseases
Discussion
Metabolic Regulation of Microbiota and Tissue Response
Key points
Introduction
Regulation of nutrition
Regulation of barrier function and immunity
Concluding remarks
Funding
Chimerism-Mediated Tolerance in Intestinal Transplantation
Key points
Background
Discussion
Summary
Clinics care points
Vaccines and Vaccine Response in the Small Bowel Transplant Patient
Key points
Introduction
Clinics care points
Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation
Key points
Introduction
History
Donor selection and recipient evaluation
Surgical technique and postoperative care
Immunosuppression
Outcomes of living donor intestinal transplantation
Pediatric intestinal transplantation
Summary
Clinics care points
Intestinal Re-Transplantation
Key points
Introduction
History
Indication for intestinal re-transplantation
Immunosuppression
The liver effect
The role of the spleen
Operative considerations
Outcomes after intestinal re-transplantation
Summary
Clinics care points
Bioengineering of Intestinal Grafts
Key points
Main
Discussion
Summary
Clinics care points
The Stem Cell Niche in Short Bowel Syndrome
Key points
Introduction and background
Summary
A Novel Organoid-Based Strategy Using Hybrid Colon Interposition for Short Bowel Syndrome: A Mini Review of In Vivo Models and Possible Human Candidates
Key points
Introduction
In vivo animal models for intestinal organoid transplantation
Cases considered suitable for new surgical methods at centers treating with a high number of patients with SBS
Clinics care points
Update on Maintenance Immunosuppression in Intestinal Transplantation
Key points
Introduction
Maintenance immunosuppression background
Discussion
Clinics care points
Intestinal Transplantation in the Developing World
Key points
Introduction
Definitions
Current situation of intestinal transplantation in the world
Intestinal transplantation in the Middle East and Asia
Intestinal transplantation in Latin-America
Discussion
Clinics care points
No. of pages: 240
Language: English
Edition: 1
Volume: 53-3
Published: July 31, 2024
Imprint: Elsevier
Hardback ISBN: 9780443131417
eBook ISBN: 9780443131424
AB
Alan L Buchman
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Clinical Surgery, Medical Director, Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago/UI Health,