Advances in Immunology

ContributorsChapter One: Regulation of Immunoglobulin Class-Switch RecombinationAbstract

1 Overview of Genomic Alterations in B Cells

2 Initiation of CSR: S Regions and Germline Transcription

3 Induction of DNA Lesions in CSR: Essential Requirement of AID

4 Processing of Deaminated DNA: Requirements for BER and MMR Proteins

5 Completion of CSR: Synapsis and End-Joining

6 AID Phosphorylation at Serine-38 and a Role Beyond DNA Deamination

7 Multifaceted Regulation of AID Expression and Activity

8 Targeting of AID to the Ig Loci

9 AID Activity Beyond the Ig Loci

10 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

Chapter Two: Two Forms of Adaptive Immunity in VertebratesAbstract

1 Introduction

2 Discovery of VLR

3 Structure of VLR Proteins and Genes

4 Functions of VLR and Lymphocyte Lineages

5 Interplay of VLRB and the Complement System

6 Similarities and Differences in the Two Forms of Adaptive Immunity

7 Evolution of Antigen Receptors

8 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Three: Recognition of Tumors by the Innate Immune System and Natural Killer CellsAbstract

1 Introduction

2 Innate Cells and Effector Molecules in Tumor Surveillance

3 Germline-Encoded Receptors Implicated in Tumor Surveillance

4 The Immunogenicity of Cancer: How Alterations Common to Cancer Can Result in Detection by Innate Immune Cells

5 Interplay Between Tumors and Innate Lymphocytes

6 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Four: Signaling Circuits in Early B-Cell DevelopmentAbstract

1 Introduction

2 Moving from the pro-B to the pre-B Stage

3 The Interleukin 7 Receptor

4 The preBCR and Its Autonomous Signaling

5 Lessons from Transgenic and Knockout Mouse Studies

6 Signaling Pathways Controlling pre-B-Cell Expansion

7 The Switch from Proliferation to Differentiation

8 pre-B Cells and Tumors

9 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

Chapter Five: Interleukin 10 Receptor SignalingAbstract

1 Introduction

2 IL10 and IL10 Receptor Expression and Regulation

3 Down-stream Signaling Through the IL10 Receptor

4 Regulation of Intestinal Immune Responses by IL10 in Murine Models

5 Regulation of Mucosal Homeostasis by IL10 Receptor Signaling in Mice

6 IL10-Dependent Signaling Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome

7 Impact of IL10 and IL10R Signaling Defects in Humans

8 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Chapter Six: Development of Mast Cells and Importance of Their Tryptase and Chymase Serine Proteases in Inflammation and Wound HealingAbstract

1 Introduction

2 Development of MCs

3 Secretory Granule Proteases of Human and Mouse MCs

4 MC Involvement in Wound Healing

5 Conclusions and Therapeutic Directions

Acknowledgments

Chapter Seven: Why Does Somatic Hypermutation by AID Require Transcription of Its Target Genes?Abstract

1 The Basic Process of Somatic Hypermutation Before AID

2 History and Structure of AID

3 Control of Expression and Function of AID

4 Is RNA an AID Target?

5 Properties of AID Target Genes

6 SHM of Non-Ig Genes

7 SHM Versus CSR

8 A Revised Model for AID Function in SHM

9 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

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