Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry

Chapter One. The Benzotriazole Story

• 1. 1H-Benzotriazole as a Synthetic Tool
• 2. 1H-Benzotriazole in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
• 3. Acylation, Aroylation, and Heteroaroylation by Bt Technology
• 4. Alkylations, Heteroalkylations, and Bt-Stabilized Carbanions
• 5. Rearrangements of Benzotriazole Derivatives
• 6. Benzotriazole in the Synthesis of Peptides and Isopeptides
• 7. Benzotriazole in the Synthesis of Amino Acid/Peptide Bioconjugates
• 8. Native Chemical Ligation Using Benzotriazole Chemistry
• 9. Benzotriazole in the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides and Cyclic Peptidomimetics
• 10. Benzotriazole in the Synthesis of Peptidomimetics
• 11. Conclusion

Chapter Two. Flow Synthesis of Heterocycles

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Current Challenges
• 3. Developing Fields
• 4. Telescoping
• 5. Conclusion

Chapter Three. Hypervalent Heterocycles

• 1. Introduction
• 2. General Overview of Hypervalent Compounds
• 3. Hypervalent Heterocyclic Compounds of Group 13 Elements
• 4. Hypervalent Heterocyclic Compounds of Group 14 Elements
• 5. Hypervalent Heterocyclic Compounds of Group 15 Elements
• 6. Hypervalent Heterocyclic Compounds of Group 16 Elements
• 7. Hypervalent Heterocyclic Compounds of Group 17 Elements

Chapter Four. Natural Products Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles—Some Highlights 1990–2015

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Isolation, Structure Determination, and Biosynthesis
• 3. Structures
• 4. Syntheses
• 5. Summary

Chapter Five. Natural Products Containing Oxygen Heterocycles—Synthetic Advances Between 1990 and 2015

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Formation of a CO Bond
• 3. Formation of a C–C Bond
• 4. Conclusion

Chapter Six. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

• 1. Introduction
• 2. From History to Modern Syntheses of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
• 3. Selected Examples of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Relatives
• 4. Conclusions

Chapter Seven. Stable N- and N/S-Rich Heterocyclic Radicals: Synthesis and Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Synthesis and Chemistry of Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Radicals
• 3. Applications
• 4. Concluding Remarks

Chapter Eight. New Developments in Heterocyclic Tautomerism: Desmotropes, Carbenes and Betaines

• 1. Introduction: Desmotropes, Tautomers, and Polymorphs
• 2. Techniques Used for Desmotropy Studies
• 3. Examples of Desmotropy
• 4. Desmotropy of Pharmaceutically Important Compounds
• 5. Tautomerism of Carbenes and Betaines

Chapter Nine. Recent Advances of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry for Alkaloid Synthesis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Carbonyl Ylides
• 3. Mesoionic Systems
• 4. Azides
• 5. Azomethine Ylides
• 6. Azomethine Imines
• 7. Nitrones
• 8. Nitrile Oxides
• 9. Asymmetric Reactions of 1,3-Dipoles
• 10. Concluding Remarks