Advances in Cellular Neurobiology

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume 1

Section 1. Cell Differentiation and Interaction

APUD Cells and Paraneurons: Embryonic Origin

I. APUD and Paraneuron Concepts

II. Embryonic Origin of APUD Cells and Paraneurons

References

The Origin and Nature of Microglia

I. Microglia as a Separate Cellular Entity

II. Ameboid Microglia (Ameboid Cells)

III. Hypotheses on the Origins of Microglia

IV. Recent Experimental Data

V. Reappraisal of the Hypotheses on the Origins of Microglia

VI. Microglia and Neural Macrophages

VII. Conclusions

References

Physiology and Pharmacology of Mammalian Central Neurons in Cell Culture

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Preparing and Studying Cell Cultures

III. Morphology and Physiology of Cultured Neurons

IV. Amino Acid Pharmacology of Cultured Spinal Neurons

V. Pharmacology of Clinically Important Drugs on Cultured Spinal Neurons

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

Trophic and Specifying Factors Directed to Neuronal Cells

I. Introduction

II. Nerve Growth Factor

III. Other Factors Directed to Neurons

IV. Conclusions and Projections

References

Section 2. Aging and Pathology

Cellular Aspects of Human Brain Tumors (Gliomas)

I. Cellular Components of Gliomas

II. Cell, Tissue, and Organ Cultures

III. Clonogenicity

IV. Cellular Kinetics

V. Mitosis and Chromosome Analysis

VI. Flow Cytometry and DNA Distribution

References

Lipofuscin and Its Relation to Aging

I. Introduction

II. Morphology

III. Staining Reactions

IV. Autofluorescence

V. Lipofuscin and Neuromelanin

VI. Ceroid

VII. Biochemistry

VIII. Distribution

IX. Lipofuscin in Specific Organs

X. Lipofuscin in Disease

XI. Genesis of Lipofuscin

XII. The Fate of Lipofuscin

XIII. Functional Significance of Lipofuscin

XIV. Summary and Conclusions

References

The Reactive Astrocyte

I. Introduction

II. Ultrastructure of Astrocytes

III. Response of Astrocytes to Dorsal Root Injuries

IV. Cellular Response to CNS Injury

V. Phagocytic Role of Neuroglia in Removal of Myelin

VI. Astrocytic Proliferation in CNS Injury

VII. Glycogen Accumulation in Reactive Astrocytes

VIII. Enzyme Histochemistry of Reactive Astrocytes

IX. Astrocytic Reactions in Pathological Conditions

X. Astrocytic Response and Aging

XI. Conclusions

References

The Astrocyte in Liver Disease

I. Introduction

II. Glial Functions

III. Etiology and Pathogenesis

IV. Astrocyte Alterations in Hepatic Encephalopathy

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

Section 3. Methodologies

Radioenzymatic Methods for Analysis of Neurotransmitters

I. Introduction

II. Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Dopamine

III. Serotonin

IV. Acetylcholine

V. Octopamine

VI. Application of Radioenzymatic Assays to Neurotransmitter Analysis in Cells

VII. Advantages and Limitations

VIII. Conclusion

References

Application of Immunofluorescence in Studies of Cytoskeletal Antigens

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Application of the Immuno-fluorescent Technique to Cytoskeletal Fiber Systems in Cells from Nervous Tissues

IV. Prospects for the Future

References

Separation of Cell Types from the Cerebellum and their Properties

I. Introduction

II. Dissociation and Fractionation of Cells

III. Properties of the Isolated Cells and Cell Fractions

IV. Culture of Cerebellar Cells

V. Discussion and Conclusions

References

Pineal Cells in Monolayer Culture

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

References

Index