Advancement in Polymer-Based Membranes for Water Remediation

1st Edition - February 23, 2022

Editors: Sanjay K. Nayak, Kingshuk Dutta, Jaydevsinh M. Gohil

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 5 1 4 - 0

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 5 1 7 - 1

Advancements in Polymer-Based Membranes for Water Remediation describes the advanced membrane science and engineering behind the separation processes within the domain of… Read more

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Advancements in Polymer-Based Membranes for Water Remediation describes the advanced membrane science and engineering behind the separation processes within the domain of polymer-based membrane systems in water remediation. Emphasis has been put on several aspects, ranging from fundamental concepts to the commercialization of pressure and potential driven membranes, updated with the latest technological progresses, and relevant polymer materials and application potential towards water treatment systems. Also included in this book are advances in polymers for membrane application in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, forward osmosis, and polymeric ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and capacitive deionization.

With its critical analyzes and opinions from experts around the world, this book will garner considerable interest among actual users, i.e., scientists, engineers, industrialists, entrepreneurs and students.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section I: Water remediation using polymeric microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane technologies
Chapter 1. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane technologies
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Membrane science and theory
1.3 Membrane characterization methods
1.4 Module design and process configuration
1.5 Application of polymeric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes
1.6 Summary
References
Chapter 2. Polymer-based microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Polymers as raw material to synthesize microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes
2.3 Effect of polymer-enhanced microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes
2.4 Recent advances made in polymeric microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes for water remediation application
2.5 Microplastics and polymeric membranes
2.6 Prospective
References
Chapter 3. Polymer-based nano-enhanced microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nanocomposite membranes
3.3 Hollow fiber nano-enhanced membranes
3.4 Main aspects in membrane performances
3.5 Carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide
3.6 Metallic nanoparticles
3.7 Stability of nanocomposite membranes
3.8 Future research
3.9 Challenges and future perspectives
3.10 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Section II: Water remediation using polymeric nanofiltration membrane technologies
Chapter 4. Nanofiltration membrane technologies
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operation principle and transport mechanism
4.3 Types of polymeric membranes and application domain
4.4 Polymeric membrane structure and configurations
4.5 NF membrane preparation technologies
4.6 Commercially available membranes
4.7 Limitations and key mitigation strategies
4.8 Summary and future directions
References
Chapter 5. Polymer-based nanofiltration membranes
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Polymer-based nanofiltration membranes
5.3 Preparation of polymer-based nanofiltration membranes
5.4 Thin-film polymer composite nanofiltration membranes
5.5 Effect of polymeric support
5.6 Potential of polymer-composite nanofiltration membranes for water desalination
5.7 Polymers for solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes
5.8 Commercialization status and commercial viability
5.9 Summary and future direction
References
Chapter 6. Polymer-based nanoenhanced nanofiltration membranes
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mixed matrix polymer-based nanoenhanced nanofiltration membranes
6.3 Electrospun nanofibrous polymers for nanofiltration applications
6.4 Nanoenhanced hollow-fiber nanofiltration membranes
6.5 Commercialization status and commercial viability
6.6 Summary and future directions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 7. Polymer-based bioinspired, biomimetic, and stimuli-responsive nanofiltration membranes
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Bioinspired membranes and their applications
7.3 Biomimetic membranes
7.4 Stimuli-responsive/smart membranes
7.5 Commercial status and future directions
7.6 Summary
Nomenclature
References
Section III: Water remediation using polymeric reverse and forward osmosis membrane technologies
Chapter 8. Reverse and forward osmosis membrane technologies
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Classification of osmotic processes and basic concept
8.3 Reverse osmosis and forward osmosis membranes
8.4 Concentration polarization in an osmotic-driven membrane
8.5 Reverse osmosis and forward osmosis membrane fabrication methods
8.6 Advances in forward osmosis and reverse osmosis membranes’ structures and properties
8.7 Custom designs of flat sheet forward osmosis and reverse osmosis membranes
8.8 Concluding remarks and recommendations
References
Chapter 9. Polymer-based reverse osmosis membranes
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Asymmetric polymer-based reverse osmosis membranes
9.3 Thin-film composite membrane
9.4 Potential of different polymer-based reverse osmosis membranes for brackish water desalination
9.5 Polymer-based reverse osmosis membranes for seawater desalination
9.6 Commercialization status and commercial viability
9.7 Summary and future direction
References
Chapter 10. Polymer-based nano-enhanced reverse osmosis membranes
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Preparation strategies of polymer-based nano-enhanced reverse osmosis membranes
10.3 Polymer nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes
10.4 Potential of different polymer-based nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes for water desalination
10.5 Potential other applications of polymer nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes in water treatment
10.6 Commercialization status and viability
10.7 Way forward
10.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 11. Reuse and recycling of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Reverse osmosis membrane technology
11.3 Reverse osmosis membranes and modules
11.4 Fouling in reverse osmosis separation process: problem, prevention, and cleaning protocols
11.5 End-of-life reverse osmosis membrane modules: reuse and recycling techniques
11.6 Applications of reverse osmosis recycled membranes in other membrane processes
11.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Polymer-based forward osmosis membranes
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Polymer-based flat sheet forward osmosis membranes
12.3 Polymer-based hollow fiber forward osmosis membranes
12.4 Commercialization status and commercial viability
12.5 Summary and future directions
Abbreviations
Nomenclature
References
Chapter 13. Polymer-based nano-enhanced forward osmosis membranes
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Polymer-based mixed matrix forward osmosis membranes
13.3 Polymer-based nanocomposite flat sheet forward osmosis membranes
13.4 Polymer-based nanocomposite hollow fiber forward osmosis membranes
13.5 Nanofibrous-based forward osmosis membranes
13.6 Nanomaterials used in surface modification of forward osmosis membranes
13.7 Polymer-based stimuli-responsive forward osmosis membranes
13.8 Commercialization status of the forward osmosis membranes
13.9 Summary and future directions
References
Section IV: Water remediation using polymeric membranes in electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal, capacitive deionization and membrane distillation technologies
Chapter 14. Electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal and capacitive deionization technologies
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Structure of ion-exchange membranes
14.3 Electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal, and selective electrodialysis
14.4 Capacitive deionization-based technologies
14.5 Limitations and key mitigation strategies
14.6 Summary and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Polymeric membranes in electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal, and capacitive deionization technologies
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Ion-exchange membranes and their fabrication processes
15.3 Application and performance of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis
15.4 Application and performance of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis reversal
15.5 Application and performance of ion-exchange membranes in membrane capacitive deionization
15.6 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 16. Polymeric nano-enhanced membranes in electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal and capacitive deionization technologies
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Preparation of polymer-based nano-enhanced ion-exchange membranes
16.3 Analysis of different ion-exchange membranes for water treatment
16.4 Commercialization status and commercial viability
16.5 Summary and future directions
References
Chapter 17. Polymer-based membranes for membrane distillation
Abstract
Abbreviations
Nomenclature
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Principle and different configurations of membrane distillation
17.3 Fabrication techniques and module designs of MD membrane
17.4 Membrane materials for MD
17.5 Characteristics of MD membrane
17.6 Operational parameters in membrane distillation
17.7 Fouling and wetting phenomena
17.8 Prevention methods of fouling and wetting
17.9 Temperature and concentration polarization
17.10 Applications of membrane distillation
17.11 Economics and energy consumption of membrane distillation
17.12 Conclusion and future directions in membrane distillation
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Sanjay K. Nayak

Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay K. Nayak is currently the Vice Chancellor of Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India. He was the Former Director General of Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), a Higher Technical Education Institute under Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India. Prof. Nayak has more than 33 years of experience in Teaching, Research and Technical Consultancy. As a passionate educationist, Prof. Nayak holds dual Ph.D. Degree both in Science & Engineering, and also conferred with D.Sc. Degree on "Advanced Thermoplastic Composites & Nanocomposites". He has mentored more than 50 scholars for Ph.D. program and 75 students for their M.Tech./M.E. theses. He has around 500 publications in peer reviewed International Journals, more than 300 International Conference papers and several Patents and Designs to his credit. In addition, he has been the Author/Editor of 30 Books/Book Chapters with leading International Publishers. Moreover, he has been actively contributing towards indigenous technology development through funded Research Projects and Consultancy Services to the industries. He is also the recipient of many awards, like 'Distinguished Scientist Award' in appreciation to his contribution to Polymer Science & Technology by Asian Polymer Association (APA), 'Commendable Faculty Award' for Research in Material Science & High Citation Index (as per Scopus), National Awards for Technology Innovations in Petrochemicals and Downstream Plastics Processing Industry and Lifetime Achievement Award by FICCI / India Chem in 2018, Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Govt. of India for Distinguished Contribution to Indian Plastics Industry. He has been awarded “Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctorate)” from Utkal University & Biju Patnaik University of Technology (BPUT), Odisha, India in 2017 and 2020, respectively. He has also been featured as one of the top 2% of the Global Scientists in the field of Polymers in a study by Prestigious Stanford University, U.S.A.

Affiliations and expertise

Director General and Chief Executive Officer, School for Advanced Research in Polymers-LARPM, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Kingshuk Dutta

Dr. Kingshuk Dutta, FICS, is currently employed as a Scientist in the Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory of the Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology, India. Prior to this appointment, he had worked as an Indo-U.S. Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cornell University, U.S.A. (2018-19) and as a National Postdoctoral Fellow at the Indian Institute of Technology – Kharagpur, India (2016-17), both funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Govt. of India. Earlier, as a Senior Research Fellow funded by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India., he had carried out his doctoral study at the University of Calcutta, India (2013-16). He possesses degrees in both technology (B. Tech. and M. Tech.) and science (B. Sc.), all from University of Calcutta. He was also a recipient of the prestigious Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) and National Scholarship, both from the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India. His research interest lies in the fields of electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and bioelectrochemical devices, wastewater treatment, as well as polymer blends/composites and biodegradable polymers. Until date, he has contributed to 62 experimental and review papers in reputed international platforms, 35 book chapters, 1 patent application, and many national and international presentations. In addition, he has edited/co-edited four books published by Elsevier, two books published by the American Chemical Society, and one book published by Wiley. He is currently serving as a Review Editor for Frontiers in Nanotechnology and Frontiers in Fuels, and has also served as a guest associate handling editor for Frontiers in Chemistry and a peer-reviewer for over 190 journal articles, conference papers, book chapters and research project proposals. He is a life member and an elected fellow of the Indian Chemical Society, a life member of the International Exchange Alumni Network (U.S. Department of State) and a member of the Science Advisory Board (U.S.A.). Earlier, he had held memberships of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (U.S.A.), the International Association of Advanced Materials (Sweden), the Institute for Engineering Research and Publication (India) and the Wiley Advisors Group (U.S.A.).

Affiliations and expertise

Scientist, Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL), School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Devanahalli, Bengaluru, India

Jaydevsinh M. Gohil

Dr. Jaydevsinh M. Gohil, is currently employed as a Scientist in the Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation of the Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), India. Prior to this appointment, he had served as a Pool Scientist at the Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, CIPET, Bhubaneswar (Oct. 2015 - Nov. 2016) and as an Assistant Professor at Sardar Patel University, Anand, India (Aug.-Oct. 2015); and also worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Western Ontario, Canada (2011-2014) and at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (2009-2011), sponsored by the Ontario Centers for Excellence/the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council /the BioGenerator Energy Solution Inc., Canada, and IIT Bombay/DOW Chemicals Co., respectively. He has been awarded a B.Sc. degree in Applied Chemistry in 2000 and a M.Sc. degree in Plastics Technology in 2002 by Sardar Patel University; and subsequently in 2008, received a Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Bhavnagar University, while working as a Senior Research Fellow (at CSIR-CSMCRI, during 2006-2008) awarded by the CSIR, Govt. of India. His research interest includes materials development for membranes used in water treatment, molecular separation and energy conversion devices. As of now he co-authored 32 research/review publications and 04 book chapters in reputed international platforms, and edited/co-edited three books, one book published by Elsevier, and two books published by the American Chemical Society.

Affiliations and expertise

Scientist, Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, India.