Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases

A guide to Vaccinology

1st Edition - March 25, 2024
Editors: Vasso Apostolopoulos, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Vivek P. Chavda
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 5 6 4 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 5 6 5 - 6

Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases is a comprehensive guide that delves into the intricate details of vaccine design, development across vario… Read more

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Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases is a comprehensive guide that delves into the intricate details of vaccine design, development across various platforms, and the path to commercialization. This book provides an introductory overview of vaccines, covering various types, developmental methodologies, delivery systems, adjuvants, immunization, and measurement of vaccine efficacy. It also showcases examples of vaccine research efforts targeting infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. The book concludes by exploring cutting-edge advances in proteogenomics, immunopeptidomics, and future vaccine technologies.
The primary objective of this book is to inform a broad scientific audience about the fundamental concepts underlying vaccine and immunology. Further, it serves as an invaluable reference for understanding the critical steps in the journey from discovery to regulatory processes for human clinical trials, addressing common misconceptions and presenting factual information about vaccinations. Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases is a requisite reference for occupational health professionals whose roles involve supervision of immunization programs such as those working within the National Health Service, some sectors of higher education, or the pharmaceutical industry. It also caters to those researchers engaged in vaccine development and all who want to learn the processes involved from laboratory research to final product.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Biography
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1. History of vaccination
1. Introduction
2. History of vaccines
3. Basic formulation of vaccines
4. Types of vaccines
5. Different routes of vaccine administration and their immune reactions
6. Vaccine hesitancy
7. Manufacturing procedure
8. Regulation, clinical, and ethics approval
9. Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 2. Vaccine adjuvants and carriers
1. Vaccine adjuvants
2. Carriers
Chapter 3. Conventional vaccination methods: Inactivated and live attenuated vaccines
1. Background
2. Live attenuated vaccines
3. Inactivated vaccines
4. Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 4. Subunit protein-based vaccines
1. Introduction
2. Subunit-based vaccines, overview
3. Subunit vaccines: Preclinical studies
4. Subunit vaccines: Human clinical trials
5. Subunit vaccines: Approved for human use
6. Mechanism of action of subunit protein-based vaccines
7. Conclusion
Chapter 5. Peptide-based vaccines and altered peptide ligands: Multiple sclerosis paving the way
1. Introduction
2. Linear altered peptide ligands
3. Aza-altered peptide ligand analogs
4. Cyclic altered peptide ligands
5. Citrullinated altered peptide ligands
6. Neuropathic pain
7. Thiopalmitoylation of altered peptide ligands
8. Myelin peptides—Mannan conjugates with or without altered peptide ligands
9. Molecular modeling of altered peptide ligands
10. Conclusions
Chapter 6. Vector-based vaccine delivery and associated immunity: Current status and way forward
1. Introduction
2. Type of vectors harnessing
3. Nanomaterial delivery systems
4. Type(s) and magnitude of the induced immune responses
5. Vaccines on market
6. A look into the future
Chapter 7. It is all in the delivery: How to augment the efficiency of DNA vaccination
1. Preamble
2. History
3. Advantages of DNA vaccines
4. Mechanism of action
5. Current state of DNA vaccines
6. Vaccine vector design
7. Route of delivery
8. Improving the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines
9. Nanoparticle delivery systems
10. Nanoparticle materials
11. Lipids as vaccine adjuvants
12. MPLA adjuvant
13. Concluding remarks
Chapter 8. Plant-based vaccines for emerging infectious diseases
1. Introduction
2. Plant biotechnological-derived virus-like particles as a vaccine
3. Biotechnological methods for transient expression of the desired protein in plants
4. Plant-based VLP vaccines for COVID-19 and influenza
5. Safety considerations for plant-based vaccines
6. Regulatory and legal perspectives on plant-based vaccines
7. Conclusion
8. Expert opinion
Chapter 9. Expression system and purification process for the vaccine production
1. Introduction
2. Expression systems for vaccine production
3. Upstream processing
4. Downstream processing/purification of the vaccines
5. Analytical methods
6. Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 10. Targeting dendritic cells for antigen delivery in vaccine design
1. Introduction
2. Mannose receptor
3. DEC-205
4. DC-SIGN
5. L-SIGN
6. Langerin
7. MGL
8. Dectin-1
9. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Parenteral vaccine delivery: From basic principles to new developments
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Vaccination programs having a significant impact on global health
4. Types of parenteral vaccines
5. Injection techniques for vaccine administration
6. Production, storage, and distribution of vaccines
7. Guidelines and regulations for vaccine development
8. Future development
9. Conclusion
Chapter 12. Mucosal vaccine delivery
1. Introduction
2. Mucosal immunity
3. Induction of mucosal immune responses
4. Advantages of mucosal vaccines
5. Mucosal vaccine formulations
6. Mucosal vaccine approaches
7. Mucosal vaccines under development
8. Challenges
9. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Personalized vaccines, novel vaccination technologies, and future prospects
1. Introduction
2. Understanding pathology-specific vaccination
3. Tailoring vaccines to individual needs
4. Future vaccine technologies
5. Assessing vaccine efficacy
6. Challenges and opportunities in personalized and future vaccines
7. Conclusion
Chapter 14. The application of nanoparticle-based delivery systems in vaccine development
1. Introduction
2. Types of nanocarriers in vaccine development
3. Lipid NPs
4. Polymer NPs
5. Immunostimulating complexes
6. Emulsions
7. The delivery of nanovaccines
8. NPs-based vaccines in clinical trials
9. Discussion and future directions
10. Conclusion
Chapter 15. Preclinical and clinical development for vaccines and formulations
1. Introduction
2. History of vaccine development
3. Types of vaccines
4. Preclinical development of vaccines
5. Clinical development of vaccines
6. Conclusion
Chapter 16. Regulatory processes involved in clinical trials and intellectual property rights around vaccine development
1. Introduction
2. Clinical trials for vaccines
3. Regulatory authorities regarding vaccine products
4. Global regulatory frameworks
5. Clinical trial management
6. Conclusion
Chapter 17. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and ethical considerations
1. Introduction
2. Vaccine safety
3. Vaccine efficacy
4. Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 18. Regulatory consideration and pathways for vaccine development
1. Introduction
2. Vaccine development stages with their regulatory considerations
3. Vaccine manufacturing considerations (QC-related aspects)
4. Vaccine regulatory approval pathways
5. Challenges in vaccine development: Why and what to do?
6. Conclusions
Chapter 19. New approaches to vaccines for infectious diseases
1. Introduction
2. Novel vaccine antigens
3. Novel vaccine antigen carrier systems
4. Novel vaccination routes
5. Conclusion
Chapter 20. New approaches to vaccines for cancer
1. Introduction
2. History of cancer vaccines
3. Cancer vaccines based on their application
4. Target antigens for cancer vaccines
5. Vaccine development techniques
6. Adjuvants
7. Vaccine resistance
8. Combination therapy
9. Conclusion
Chapter 21. New approaches to vaccines for autoimmunity
1. Introduction
2. Infection-induced autoimmunity
3. Adjuvant-induced autoimmunity
4. Vaccination and autoimmune disease
5. New-generation vaccines
6. Concluding remarks
Chapter 22. The fast-track development of COVID-19 vaccines
1. Introduction
2. COVID-19 vaccines that were accepted for the emergency use authorization and others under phase 3 clinical trials
3. Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines' durability
4. Homologous versus heterologous COVID-19 prime-boost immunization strategies: To mix or not to mix?
5. The rapid development of COVID vaccines compared to traditional vaccines
6. Waning of COVID-19 vaccines immunity
7. Post COVID-19 vaccinations sequelae
8. Challenges and ethics related to the COVID-19 vaccine research
9. Conclusions and recommendations
Chapter 23. Myths and facts about vaccination: Dispelling myths and misconceptions with science
1. Introduction
2. Antivaccine movement and its impact in society
3. Myths and misinformation
4. Spread and susceptibility
5. Facts and measures to prevent the spread of misinformation
6. Justifying the common facts of vaccination
7. Handling of the misinformation
8. Myths and facts of COVID-19 vaccines
9. Conclusion
Chapter 24. Proteogenomics and immunopeptidomics in the development of advanced vaccines
1. Introduction
2. Omics-based technology
3. Proteogenomics
4. Immune peptidomics
5. Challenges in proteogenomics and immunopeptidomics vaccine development
6. Future prospective
7. Conclusion
Chapter 25. Nanoparticle-based vaccines and future vaccine technologies
1. Introduction
2. Types of nanoparticles for vaccine delivery
3. Mechanisms of vaccine delivery by nanoparticles
4. Challenges and limitations
5. Recent advances and future directions
6. Conclusion
Index

Vasso Apostolopoulos

Professor Vasso Apostolopoulos is currently the ViceChancellor, Distinguished Fellow (Distinguished Professor), Director of Immunology and Translational Research Group at Victoria University, Australia, and Immunology Program Director at the Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Australia. Previously, she has held several leadership roles including Pro Vice-Chancellor, Research Partnerships, and Associate Provost. She received her PhD majoring in Immunology in 1995 from the University of Melbourne and the Advanced Certificate in Protein Crystallography from Birkbeck College, University of London. Professor Vasso Apostolopoulos is a world-renowned researcher who has been recognized with over 100 awards for the outstanding results of her research. She has more than 510 research publications and 22 patents to her credit; her interests are in vaccine and drug development for cancer and chronic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases.

Affiliations and expertise

Vice-Chancellors Distinguished Professorial Fellow, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, Head of Immunology and Translational Research, Melbourne, Australia

Lalitkumar K. Vora

Dr. Lalitkumar K. Vora is a Lecturer at the School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK. He completed his PhD (Pharmaceutics) in 2017 from the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai, and then he did postdoctoral research on microneedle technologies at Queen’s University. He has 150 international publications, 10 book chapters, and 2 granted patents. To date, he has presented over 120 peer-reviewed studies at various international conferences. His research interests include polymeric delivery for biologics, long-acting drug delivery, and microneedle-assisted noninvasive drug/vaccine delivery and diagnosis.

Affiliations and expertise

Lecturer, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom

Vivek P. Chavda

Vivek P Chavda is an Assistant Professor (Selection Grade), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. He is B Pharm and M Pharm Gold medalist at Gujarat Technological University. Before joining to academics, he served to Biologics industry for almost 8 years in the Research and Development of Biologics with many successful regulatory filings. He has more than 170 peerreviewed national and international publications, 18 book chapters, 10 book chapters under communication, 1 patent in pipeline, and numerous newsletter articles to his credit. His research interests include development of biologics process and formulations, medical device development, nanodiagnostics and noncarrier formulations, long-acting parenteral formulations, and nanovaccine

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India