Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles

Challenges and Future Research Developments

1st Edition - February 26, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Vijayakumar Gali, Luciane Neves Canha, Mariana Resener, Bibiana Ferraz, Madisa V.G. Varaprasad
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 9 9 9 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 0 0 0 - 1

Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Research Developments discusses fundamental and advanced concepts, challenges, and future perspectives surroundi… Read more

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Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Research Developments discusses fundamental and advanced concepts, challenges, and future perspectives surrounding EVs. Sections cover advances and long-term challenges such as battery life span, efficiency, and power management systems. In addition, the book covers all aspects of the EV field, including vehicle performance, configuration, control strategy, design methodology, modeling and simulation for different conventional and modern vehicles based on mathematical equations. By tackling the fundamentals, theory and design of conventional electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), this book presents a comprehensive reference.

Investment in hybrid and electric vehicle (EV) technology research has been increasing steadily in recent years, both from governments and within companies. The role of the combustion engine in causing climate change has put the automobile industry on a path of rapid evolution towards electric vehicles, bringing experts with a range of backgrounds into the field.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Part 1: Overview
Chapter one. An overview of hybrid electric vehicles
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Trends in hybrid electric vehicles
1.3 Hybrid energy storage system
1.4 Bidirectional DC/AC converter
1.5 Types of motors
1.6 Scope for improvements
1.7 Costs involved
1.8 General discussion
1.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter two. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle system and its future advanced technology
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 PHEV system advanced configurations
2.3 Energy management systems for HEVS/PHEVS
2.4 The battery life of PHEVs, significant impact on efficiency
2.5 When PHEVs are plugged in to charge on already congested grid and future smart grid
2.6 Algorithms for selecting motor options
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter three. A review on modeling and estimation of state of charge of lithium-ion battery
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Modeling of Li-ion battery
3.3 Estimation methods of state of charge
3.4 SOC estimation by indirect methods
3.5 Summary
3.6 Future scope
Nomenclature
References
Part 2: Environmental and social aspects
Chapter four. Environmental and social impact of electric vehicles
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Indicators of worldwide electric vehicle market
4.3 Share and size of the global electric car market
4.4 The environmental impact of electric vehicle
4.5 Importance of “Green Cars”
4.6 Lower emissions in all scenarios
4.7 The carbon footprint of fossil fuels
4.8 Electric vehicles: zero tailpipe emissions
4.9 Effect of electric vehicle on the power grid
4.10 Forecasts: electric vehicle market outlook by 2030 and beyond
4.11 Electric vehicles roadmap initiative
4.12 Infrastructure for electric vehicle charging and its cost
4.13 Charging equipment
4.14 Grid infrastructure
4.15 Rates and demand charges
4.16 Overview of electric chargers
4.17 Why wireless power transfer?
4.18 National security (India)
4.19 Electric vehicle sales trend in India (2020–21)
4.20 Conclusion
References
Chapter five. Electric vehicle progression in the society and their consequences
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Effect of electrification on the entire automotive supply chain
5.3 Auxiliary vendors for automobiles
5.4 Impact of electric vehicles on the automotive ecosystem
5.5 Internal combustion engine to electric vehicle retrofitting (recycling)
5.6 Acceleration in charging infrastructure build-up needed
5.7 Impact of electric vehicle charging on the grid
5.8 Lifestyle adjustment
5.9 Cost involved
References
Part 3: Distribution grid
Chapter six. Electric-vehicle-enabled hosting capacity enhancement in distribution systems
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 EV-enabled DG hosting capacity
6.3 Mathematical formulation
6.4 Cases and simulation results
6.5 Discussion and future works
6.6 Conclusion
Nomenclature
References
Chapter seven. Power quality issues with electric vehicle charging stations
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 EV charging technologies
7.3 Electric vehicle charging station
7.4 Impacts on the distribution system
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter eight. Power quality impacts in the context of electric mobility
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Electric vehicle—charging infrastructure
8.3 Power converters in electric vehicle charging
8.4 Impact of AC chargers
8.5 Impact of DC fast chargers
8.6 Grid integration of electric vehicles and its challenges
8.7 Power quality indices affected by electric vehicle chargers
8.8 International grid codes related to EVCS
8.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter nine. Probabilistic analysis of the technical impacts of high penetrations of electric vehicles on distribution networks
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Proposed electric vehicle impact assessment methodology
9.3 Simulation studies
9.4 Results and discussion
9.5 Additional electric vehicle grid integration cases
9.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter ten. Planning the operation and expansion of power distribution systems considering electric vehicles (smart charging)
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Mathematical formulation
10.3 Simulation and results
10.4 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
Chapter eleven. Power loss analysis in distribution systems considering the massive penetration of electric vehicles
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Main categories and characteristics of electric vehicles
11.3 Technical impacts associated with massive penetration of electric vehicles
11.4 Methodology to assess the massive penetration of electric vehicles in electric power distribution system
11.5 Case study: evaluation of the massive penetration of electric vehicles in a electric power distribution system
11.6 Final remarks
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter twelve. Impacts on power systems: integrating electric vehicles, charging stations
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Electric vehicles
12.3 EV charging systems
12.4 EV charging technologies
12.5 Impact study: effect of charging of EV batteries on different feeder systems
12.6 Impact study: effect of EV fast charging on power system voltage stability
12.7 Impact study: assessment of EV charging on distribution system reliability
12.8 Impact study: impact of EV charging on the power grid planning
12.9 Smart charging technologies for electric vehicles
12.10 Conclusion: the future of EV charging
12.11 Future scope
References
Part 4: Business and economics
Chapter thirteen. Business model and economic feasibility of electric vehicle fast charging stations with photovoltaic electric generation and battery storage in Brazil
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theoretical reference
13.3 Methodology
13.4 Results and discussion
13.5 Conclusion
Funding information
References
Chapter fourteen. Logistical and economic impact on the transport sector with the insertion of electric trucks for last-mile transport
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Transport management
14.3 Logistical impact on cargo transport
14.4 Case study-route analysis
14.5 Feasibility analysis for fleet replacement
14.6 Economic feasibility analysis
14.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter fifteen. Demand side and flexible energy resource management when operating smart electric vehicle charging stations
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Charging technologies
15.3 Electric vehicle charging station model
15.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Nomenclature
References
Part 5: Power electronics
Chapter sixteen. Role of Harris Hawks optimization–based sliding mode control of AC-DC converter in electric vehicle onboard battery charger
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Sliding mode control of AC-DC converter
16.3 Sliding mode parameter selection using Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm
16.4 Simulation and experimental verifications
16.5 Conclusion
Nomenclature
References
Chapter seventeen. Bidirectional electric vehicle application using isolated DC-DC converter fed DC motor
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 DC motor
17.3 Isolated DC-DC converter
17.4 Simulation model and results
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter eighteen. Photovoltaic charger used to charge the battery for off-board electric vehicles with adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 System configuration
18.3 System proposal design and mathematical modeling
18.4 Flowchart
18.5 Existing method
18.6 Proposed ANFIS controller with PV charger
18.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter nineteen. Design and implementation of adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system controlled grid electric vehicle charging station using solar photovoltaic battery and diesel generator
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 System configuration
19.3 Proposed method
19.4 Simulation results
19.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter twenty. Design of bidirectional converter for electric vehicles battery charger
Abstract
Abbreviations
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Proposed methodology
20.3 Simulation results
20.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter twenty one. Battery thermal management system in electric vehicles employing thermoelectric cooling method
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Proposed methodology
21.3 Experimental setup and results
21.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter twenty two. Design and control of bidirectional onboard charger for an electric vehicle
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Three-phase active front-end converter
22.3 Phase shift full-bridge DC-DC converter
22.4 Simulation results
22.5 Conclusion
22.6 Future scope
References
Part 6: Final remarks/Challenges
Chapter twenty three. Towards electromobility: challenges in integrating electric vehicles and charging stations on power systems
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The different impacts of charging methods on power system
23.3 Conclusion
References
Index

Vijayakumar Gali

Dr Gali is an Assistant Professor of electrical & electronics engineering at Poornima University, Jaipur. His research includes integration of renewable energy sources, power quality, DC-DC converters design for renewable and electric vehicle applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, India

Luciane Neves Canha

Luciane Neves Canha Electrical Engineer (1994), Doctor in Electrical Engineering (2004), Full Professor at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), PQ-1D Researcher at the National Research Council of Brazil and IEEE Senior Member. In 2021 she was included among the 21 most influential women in mobility in the world by Vulog – Top 21 of 2021 Influential Women in Mobility. Responsible for installing the first fast charging station on highways in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In 2022, she received the Gaucho Research Award in the category Researcher in Companies by the Research Support Foundation of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). She has experience in Electrical Engineering, with an emphasis on power systems, energy transition, electrical mobility, renewable energy sources, smart grids, energy storage, microgrids and distributed generation.

Affiliations and expertise

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Eletromecanica e Sistemas de Potencia, Campus Universitario, Santa Maria, Brazil

Mariana Resener

Mariana Resener (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil, in 2016. She is currently an Assistant Professor with the School of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada. Her research interests include power systems operation and planning, optimization and uncertainties.

Affiliations and expertise

Simon Fraser University, School of Sustainable Energy Engineering - Surrey Campus, Surrey, BC, Canada

Bibiana Ferraz

Bibiana Ferraz received the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil, in 2020. She is currently a Professor with the Department of Automation and Energy, UFRGS. Her research interests include power systems planning, optimization and uncertainties.

Affiliations and expertise

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Engenharia - Campus Centro, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil

Madisa V.G. Varaprasad

Madisa V. G. Varaprasad, Dr. Madisa V. G. Varaprasad received the B.Tech and M.Tech degrees in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam, India in 2011 and 2013, respectively. He completed his Ph.D. at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India in 2020. Currently, he is working as Associate Professor in the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam, India. His research interest include modeling, analysis and control of photovoltaic and power electronic converters systems.

Affiliations and expertise

Vignan Institute of Information Technology, Besides VSEZ , Duvvada,Vadlapudi Post, Gajuwaka, Visakhaptnam, India

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Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles

Challenges and Future Research Developments

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Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Vijayakumar Gali

Luciane Neves Canha

Mariana Resener

Bibiana Ferraz

Madisa V.G. Varaprasad

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