Advanced Knitting Technology

1st Edition - August 22, 2021
Editors: Subhankar Maity, Sohel Rana, Pintu Pandit, Kunal Singha
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 5 3 4 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 5 3 5 - 8

Advanced Knitting Technology provides complete coverage of the latest innovations and developments in knitting technology, including emerging methods as well as the latest be… Read more

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Advanced Knitting Technology provides complete coverage of the latest innovations and developments in knitting technology, including emerging methods as well as the latest best practice for classical processes. Many technologies can be used for the production of cloth such as weaving, knitting, nonwoven, and braiding. Knitting methods are being selected for a growing range of applications due to the spectacular properties of knitted fabric, such as softer tactile quality, higher stretchability, bulkiness, and functional properties that compare favorably with other woven fabrics. Beyond the well-known apparel applications, specially designed knitted structures are uniquely suitable for high performance applications like reinforcement for composites, medical implants, and geotextiles.

This book presents recent advances in knitting technology, including structures, properties and applications of knitted fabrics in modern apparel, activewear, composites, medical textiles, and geotextiles. With reference to the latest industry practice, testing, quality and process control methods for knitting technologies are discussed.

Advanced Knitting Technology covers recent advances in knitting technology, properties and performance of knitted structures, their applications in apparel and technical fields.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
The Textile Institute Book Series
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface to the first edition
1. Introduction to advances in knitting technology
1.1. Historical developments of knitting technology
1.2. Fundamentals of knitting
1.3. Share of knitting in global textile context
1.4. Science, engineering, and technology in knitting
1.5. Industry 4.0: automation in knitting technology
1.6. Recent trends in knitting technology
1.7. Benefits of advances in knitting technology
1.8. Summary
2. Recent developments in knitting technology
2.1. Introduction: vibrant development in various areas
2.2. Inspiration from the past: redesigning earlier innovations
2.3. Remaining for later times: discarded innovative concepts
2.4. From division to fusion: merging technologies and processes
2.5. Inspiration from other technologies: upgrading features and performance
2.6. Expanding the borders of textile industry: taking over shoe industry
2.7. Shift to nonclothing knitted products: technical knits
2.8. Expanding the range of raw materials: unconventional knitting materials
2.9. Upgraded automation: robotics
2.10. In step with the modern era: move toward sustainable production, industry 4.0, and circular economy
2.11. Summary
3. Mechanics of loop formation in plain weft knitting machinery
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Weft knitting process and loop formation
3.3. Loop length
3.4. Mathematical models of theoretical loop length calculation
3.5. Knitting zone geometry
3.6. Yarn tension profile inside knitting zone and loop length (Banerjee and Ghosh model)
3.7. Conclusion
4. Innovation and technology of knitted apparels
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Technology of knitwear production
4.3. Role and implementation of designing in knitwear prototyping
4.4. Pattern making technology for knitted apparels
4.5. Sewing practices for knitwear
4.6. Commercial styles of knitwear
4.7. Infusion of innovation in knitwear technology
4.8. Conclusions
5. Yarns for knitting and their selection
5.1. Introduction to yarn
5.2. Yarn composition
5.3. Fiber wise knitted end products
5.4. Natural fiber–based popular yarns for knitting
5.5. Scope of jute yarn in knitting
5.6. Regenerated fiber–based popular yarns for knitting
5.7. Synthetic fiber–based popular yarns for knitting
5.8. Knitting of textured yarns
5.9. Technical yarns for knitting
5.10. Yarn packages and preparatory processes for knitting
5.11. Yarn count or number
5.12. Selection of yarns for knitting
5.13. Yarn parameters and properties
5.14. Relationship between machine gauge and yarn count
5.15. Summary
6. Use of AI and machine learning techniques in knitting
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Types of artificial intelligence system
6.3. Current status of artificial intelligence in knitting
6.4. Application of artificial intelligence in knitted fabric production
6.5. Process control in knitting using artificial intelligence
6.6. Quality control in knitting using artificial intelligence
6.7. Evaluation of color solutions
6.8. Fabric fault detection
6.9. Prediction of knitting machine parameters
6.10. Computer aided design systems in knitting
6.11. Application in supply chain in knit industry
6.12. Production planning and control in knit industry
6.13. Application in knit retailing
6.14. Challenges and future directions faced by artificial intelligence in knit industries
6.15. Conclusion
7. Use of CAD in knitted apparels
7.1. Computer Aided Design in knitting technology
7.2. Software solutions for knitting technology
7.3. Computer Aided Design on fashion knitwear
7.4. Computer Aided Design on technical knitwear
7.5. Digitalization and sustainability in knitting industry
7.6. Summary
8. Production of seamless knitted apparels
8.1. Introduction
8.2. History of development of seamless knitting
8.3. Advantages of seamless knitting
8.4. The seamless technique
8.5. Technological limitations of seamless knitting
8.6. Seamless knitting machines
8.7. The opportunity of three-dimensional fitting and comfort
8.8. Applications of seamless knitting
8.9. Future perspectives
9. Process control in knitting
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Importance of knitted fabric quality
9.3. Quality facets of fabrics from consumers' standpoint
9.4. Process control in knitting
9.5. Key check points in knitting
9.6. Knitted fabric quality parameters
9.7. Testing the quality of knitted fabric
9.8. Controlling process variables
9.9. Common knitted fabric faults
9.10. Engineering approaches in fabric defect detection
9.11. Recent approaches in planning, monitoring, and process controlling for knitting
9.12. Conclusion
10. Knitted active wears
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Market of knitted activewear
10.3. Principle and functional requirement of knitted activewear
10.4. Constituent materials and their functionality
10.5. Garment production
10.6. Evaluation of knitted activewear
10.7. Summary and future of activewear
11. Innovation and technology of knitted intimate apparels
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Classification of intimate apparel
11.3. Importance of intimate apparel
11.4. The comfort dimension in intimate apparel
11.5. Raw materials
11.6. Knit fabrics for intimate apparel
11.7. Manufacturing intimate apparel
11.8. Conclusion
12. Knitted geotextiles
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Types of geotextiles
12.3. Manufacturing process of knitted geotextiles
12.4. Properties of knitted geotextiles
12.5. Functions of geotextiles
12.6. Applications of geotextiles
12.7. Advantages of knitted geotextile
12.8. Survivability and durability of geotextiles
12.9. Conclusion
12.10. Sources of further information and advice
13. Warp knitting for preparation of high-performance apparels
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Warp knitting machinery
13.3. Warp-knitted stitches
13.4. Warp knitting techniques
13.5. Typical examples of high-performance apparel
13.6. Summary
14. Application of knitted fabrics in textile structural composites
14.1. Knitted fabrics in composites
14.2. Tensile properties of knitted fabric composites
14.3. Composites reinforced by 3D-knitted spacer fabrics
14.4. Compression behavior of knitted composites
14.5. Impact properties of knitted fabric composites
14.6. Sandwich composites with knitted and nonwoven fabrics
14.7. Simulation of mechanical properties
14.8. Concluding remarks
15. Application of knitted fabrics in medical textiles
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Properties of weft and warp knitting
15.3. Fibers used in medical textile applications
15.4. Properties of knitted fabric structures for medical devices application
15.5. Ankle braces
15.6. Compression stockings
15.7. Vascular implants
15.8. Hernia mesh
15.9. Wound dressings
15.10. 3D spacer fabrics for medical applications
15.11. Future trends in medical applications
15.12. Conclusions
16. Chemical processing of knitted fabrics
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Pretreatment (preparation)
16.3. Dyeing of knitted fabric
16.4. Finishing of knitted fabrics
16.5. Conclusions
17. Sustainable dyeing and printing of knitted fabric with natural dyes
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Natural dye—its advantages and limitations
17.3. Classification of natural dyes
17.4. Mordant
17.5. Natural dyes and its coloring components
17.6. Antibacterial finishing of textiles using herbal extract
17.7. Natural dye as simultaneous dyeing and finishing agents
17.8. Application of natural dye on knitted fabric
17.9. Case study on natural dyeing and functional finishing
17.10. Printing with natural dye
17.11. Methods of printing
17.12. Procedure of printing
17.13. Printing of knitted fabric
17.14. Conclusion
18. Assessment of comfort and quality of knitted apparels
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Evaluation of comfort properties in knitted apparels
18.3. Antimicrobial properties
18.4. Development, retention, and release of human body odor
18.5. UV protection of plain-knitted fabrics
18.6. Effect of knit structure and finishing treatments on functional and comfort properties
18.7. Psychological comfort
18.8. Other quality parameters of knitted apparels T-shirt design
18.9. Concluding remarks
19. Testing and evaluation of knitted fabrics
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Importance of knitted fabric evaluation
19.3. Analysis of knitted fabric
19.4. Structural parameters of knitted fabrics
19.5. Testing
19.6. Objective evaluation of fabric hand by KES and FAST systems
19.7. Conclusion
19.8. Sources of further information
20. Sustainability analysis for knitting process and products
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Sustainability in knitting industries
20.3. Test for environmental sustainability of knitted products
20.4. Sustainable approach for knitting business: a case study
20.5. Sustainability and future prospective of textile knitting processing
20.6. Conclusion
Index

Subhankar Maity

Dr. Subhankar Maity is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Textile Technology in Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, India. He has more than 10 years of industrial, teaching and research experience. His current teaching areas are technical textiles; structure and properties of fibres; statistical quality control in textile industry; knitting technology, and fabric formation. His main research focuses on conductive polymer coated textiles; graphene-based textiles; MXene based electro-conductive textiles; heat transfer behaviour of fibrous/polymeric materials and related functional textiles. He has more than 50 publications and has edited and authored for leading refereed journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant professor of Knitting, The Department of Textile Technology, Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur, India

Sohel Rana

Dr. Sohel Rana is currently Scientific Head at the Fibrous Materials Research Group at the University of Minho, Portugal. He has edited 3 books and authored 1 book and over 90 publications in various refereed journals and conference proceedings.

Affiliations and expertise

Fibrous Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal

Pintu Pandit

Dr. Pintu Pandit is an Assistant Professor at the Textile Design Department of the National Institute of Fashion Technology, India. He received his Ph. D (Tech.) degree in Fibres and Textile Processing Technology from the Institute of Chemical Technology, India. He obtained the IEI Young Engineers Award in 2020 from the Institute of Engineers (India) and Young Educator & Scholars Award in 2021 from the NFED (India). He has several research, review, and book chapter publications for national and international Scopus indexed journals in the areas of: Best out of waste; sustainability in textile and fashion; low-cost sustainable markets; natural dyeing; multifunctional finishing; graphene; atmospheric plasma technology, and nanotechnology. He has edited books for numerous prestigious publishers, including Woodhead publications (Elsevier). He has also published a series of chapters on “Graphene as a Wonder Material” in the Journal of Textile Association (TAI).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Textile Design Department of the National Institute of Fashion Technology, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, Patna campus, Patna, India

Kunal Singha

Kunal Singha is an assistant professor and course coordinator at the Department of Textile Design at the National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna, India. His primary research focus is on sustainable textile, quality, supply and manufacturing chain. He has written more than eighty papers/book chapters/conference proceedings headed by many reputed national/international publishing houses. He is a member of the Textile Association of India, Institute of Engineers and Society of Dyers & Colorists.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant professor and course coordinator, Department of Textile Design, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna, India

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Advanced Knitting Technology

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Subhankar Maity

Sohel Rana

Pintu Pandit

Kunal Singha