Advanced Fibrous Composite Materials for Ballistic Protection

1. Introduction

• 1.1. Background
• 1.2. Types of ballistic protective equipment and materials
• 1.3. Projective materials against ballistic impact
• 1.4. Engineering design of protective panels
• 1.5. Future materials and technology for ballistic protection

2. ARAMIDS: ‘Disruptive’, open and continuous innovation

• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Polymer preparation
• 2.3. Spinning
• 2.4. Structure and properties
• 2.5. Applications
• Disclaimer

3. High-performance ballistic fibers: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)

• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Mechanical properties
• 3.3. Mechanism of ballistic penetration
• 3.4. Ballistics models
• 3.5. Next-generation Dyneema® fibers and their composites

4. Fabrics and composites for ballistic protection

• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Fibres and fabrics
• 4.3. Composites
• 4.4. Failure mechanisms
• Sources of further information and advice

5. Ballistic damage of hybrid composite materials

• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. Three-phase hybrid composites
• 5.3. Energy absorption of hybrid composites
• 5.4. Comments and future trends
• Further reading sources

6. Modelling of 3D woven fabrics for ballistic protection

• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Numerical modelling of ballistic impact simulation
• 6.3. Analytical modelling and optimization
• 6.4. Energy absorption and penetration mechanisms
• 6.5. Design of 3D woven fabrics for ballistic protection
• 6.6. Future trends

7. Measurements of dynamic properties of ballistic yarns using innovative testing devices

• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Testing devices adapted to dynamic properties of yarn
• 7.3. Optimization of the dynamic tensile device SFM
• 7.4. Experimental results of dynamic tensile tests on yarn using the optimized SFM
• 7.5. Conclusions

8. Analysis of woven fabric composites for ballistic protection

• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. Materials for ballistic protection
• 8.3. Composites for high-performance applications
• 8.4. Ballistic impact on composite targets
• 8.5. Input parameters
• 8.6. Experimental studies
• 8.7. Results and discussion
• 8.8. Enhancing ballistic protection capability of composite targets
• 8.9. Conclusions
• Appendices

9. Failure mechanisms and engineering of ballistic materials

• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Analysis approaches for ballistic impact
• 9.3. Failure mechanisms of ballistic materials
• 9.4. Engineering design of ballistic materials
• 9.5. Future trends

10. Narrow fabrics for enhanced ballistic performance

• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Ballistic armor
• 10.3. Importance of fiber type
• 10.4. Importance of fabric construction
• 10.5. Ballistic testing
• 10.6. High-speed photography
• 10.7. Effect of boundary conditions on transverse yarn impact
• 10.8. Effect of boundary conditions on fabric impact
• 10.9. Impact of narrow fabrics
• 10.10. Effect of clamping on the ballistic performance of narrow fabrics
• 10.11. The design of practicable armor using narrow fabrics
• 10.12. Conclusions
• 10.13. Future trends
• Sources of further information and advice

11. Multiscale modeling of polymeric composite materials for ballistic protection

• 11.1. Introduction and synopsis
• 11.2. Molecule- and fibril-scale modeling
• 11.3. Fiber-, yarn-, and fabric-level modeling
• 11.4. Single-/stacked-lamina level modeling
• 11.5. Laminate-/continuum-level modeling
• 11.6. Conclusions

12. Stab characterization of STF and thermoplastic-impregnated ballistic fabric composites

• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. Experimental procedure
• 12.3. Stab characterization of nonhybrid target fabric composites
• 12.4. Stab characterization of TP-Kevlar® hybrid target fabric composites
• 12.5. Conclusions and future trends

13. Polyolefin film–reinforced composites for personal protection

• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. Structure of SSE-PE
• 13.3. Reinforcement volume fraction of SSE-PE film composites
• 13.4. Conclusions

14. Ballistic performance evaluation of woven fabrics based on experimental and numerical approaches

• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. Ballistic testing principles and equipment
• 14.3. Finite element simulation of ballistic impact on woven fabrics
• 14.4. Comparisons and discussions
• 14.5. Conclusions
• 14.6. Future trends

15. Thermoplastic matrix combat helmet with carbon-epoxy skin for ballistic performance

• 15.1. Introduction
• 15.2. PASGT combat helmet
• 15.3. Para-aramid fiber thermoplastic matrix composite combat helmets
• 15.4. Ballistic performance of unidirectional thermoplastic matrix composites
• 15.5. INTER Materials unidirectional UHMWPE fiber thermoplastic matrix composite combat helmet
• 15.6. Structural requirements of thermoplastic matrix composite combat helmets
• 15.7. Discussion and future trends

16. Numerical analysis of the ballistic performance of textile fabrics

• 16.1. Introduction
• 16.2. Numerical macro-mesoscopic simulation of dynamic behavior of a 2D plain-woven fabric
• 16.3. Multiscale modeling for the cases of 2D woven fabrics
• 16.4. FEM modeling for the cases of 3D woven fabrics
• 16.5. Conclusions

17. Damage modeling of ballistic impact in woven fabrics

• 17.1. Introduction
• 17.2. Development of constitutive model for dry fabrics
• 17.3. Numerical modeling of high-speed impacts
• 17.4. Conclusions