Adult Hydrocephalus and Disorders of CSF Dynamics

This book reviews the pathophysiology, evaluation, differential diagnosis, management and treatment of adult hydrocephalus and disorders of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The introductory section begins with the anatomy and physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid system, with a review of adult hydrocephalus management, including longitudinal care and management of comorbidities. A technical section follows devoted to shunt design and development, and then management of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Coverage includes differential diagnosis and treatment of iNPH, as well as common presentations, neuroimaging, genetic studies, CSF biomarkers, and using artificial intelligence. Confirmatory testing discusses high volume lumbar punctures, lumbar drainage trials, and CSF infusion testing. Medical and surgical treatments are reviewed with expected functional outcomes. A subsequent section discusses secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus, caused by other etiologies such as hemorrhage, tumors, or infection, and covers longstanding overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA), management of adult patients who were shunted as children, and Chiari malformations. The book concludes with high and low pressure CSF dynamics disorders, including idiopathic intracranial hypertension and secondary intracranial hypertension, followed by a review of the medical, surgical, and ophthalmological management of these disorders.