Adrenal Gland

1st Edition, Volume 124 - February 15, 2024
Editor: Gerald Litwack
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 4 0 0 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 4 0 1 - 6

Adrenal Gland, Volume 124 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is writt… Read more

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Adrenal Gland, Volume 124 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Copyright
Former Editors
Contributors
About the editor
Chapter One: MicroRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen biosynthesis
Abstract
1 Steroid hormones—An overview
2 Metabolic functions and biosynthesis of adrenal steroid hormones
3 miRNA—An overview
4 miRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoids and androgens production
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Two: Serotonin and the serotonin transporter in the adrenal gland
Abstract
1 Functional organization of the adrenal gland
2 Introduction to serotonin and serotonin signaling
3 Serotonin and the adrenal cortex
4 Serotonin and SERT in the adrenal medulla
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter Three: Regulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol metabolism in adrenal cortical cells
Abstract
Abbreviations
1 Adrenal cortical compartmentalization and lipid storage
2 Lipid droplets
3 Cholesterol in adrenal cortex: Synthesis, uptake, storage and steroidogenesis
4 Lipid disturbances causing abnormal cortical CE storage and its effect on steroidogenesis
5 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Four: MicroRNAs in aldosterone production and action
Abstract
1 Aldosterone
2 MicroRNA
3 The role of microRNA in aldosterone production
4 The role of microRNA in aldosterone action
5 Circulating microRNAs and their role in aldosterone-associated diagnostics
References
Chapter Five: Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 RAAS structure
3 RAAS pathophysiology
4 RAAS and carcinogenesis
5 RAAS variants and cancer risk
6 RAAS variants and cancer prognosis
7 RAAS variants and response to therapy
8 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter Six: Adaptive remodeling of the stimulus-secretion coupling: Lessons from the ‘stressed’ adrenal medulla
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Adrenomedullary stimulus-secretion coupling: A multi-faceted mechanism for a continuous adaptation to stress-induced homeostasis changes
3 The ‘stressed’ adrenal medulla
4 Conclusion and futures directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Seven: Current insight into the transient X-zone in the adrenal gland cortex
Abstract
1 Development of the fetal adrenal gland in mice
2 Postnatal development of the adrenal X-zone and strain-dependent phenotypes
3 X-zone marker genes and the functional significance of the X-zone
4 Gene mutations that cause aberrant X-zone formation/development
5 Gene mutations that cause abnormal X-zone regression
6 The sexually-dimorphic response of the X-zone
7 Summary
References
Chapter Eight: Aging of the adrenal gland and its impact on the stress response
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The stress response
3 Adrenal aging
4 Altered thyroid function effects on adrenal activity and stress responsiveness
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Nine: 3D organization of the rat adrenal medulla
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Difficulties and successes in studying the 3D organization of the rat adrenal medulla
3 General parameters of the shape and volume of the rat adrenal gland
4 Structure of the rat adrenal medulla
5 Vessels
6 Nerve elements
7 Connective tissue stroma
8 Modules of the rat adrenal medulla
9 Interrelation of 3D organization of different tissue components
10 Some practical conclusions based on data on the 3D organization of the tat adrenal medulla
11 Perspective directions
References
Chapter Ten: Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Angiotensin II and G protein-mediated aldosterone production
3 Angiotensin II and βarrestin-mediated aldosterone production
4 Implications for inverse agonism of ARBs
5 Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter Eleven: A cholesterol-centric outlook on steroidogenesis
Abstract
1 Cholesterol—A versatile lipid
2 Steroidogenic mitochondria
3 Cholesterol distribution in organelle membranes
4 The adrenal cortex—A superior steroidogenic tissue
5 Does cholesterol play a regulatory role in steroidogenesis
6 The interplay between cholesterol and the mitochondria in steroidogenesis
7 Conclusions & future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter Twelve: Functional interaction of Clock genes and bone morphogenetic proteins in the adrenal cortex
Abstract
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
2 BMP system in the adrenal cortex
3 BMP activity in adrenocortical steroidogenesis
4 Roles of clock genes in adrenocortical steroidogenesis
5 Mutual interaction of clock and BMPs in the adrenal cortex
6 Functional network of clock genes, BMP system and HPA axis
7 Conclusion and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Thirteen: Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, septic adrenal apoplexy
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Etiology
3 Epidemiology
4 Pathophysiology
5 Clinical presentation
6 Diagnosis
7 Differential diagnosis
8 Management
9 Prognosis
References
Chapter Fourteen: The changes in adrenal developmental programming and homeostasis in offspring induced by glucocorticoids exposure during pregnancy
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Current status of glucocorticoids exposure during pregnancy
3 The effects of maternal glucocorticoids exposure during pregnancy on fetal development and its regulatory factors
4 Effects of the changes in glucocorticoids levels on fetal adrenal development during pregnancy
5 Epigenetic mechanisms of adrenal dysplasia in offspring programmed by intrauterine glucocorticoid
6 The association between adrenal developmental programming and fetal-originated disease
7 Sex difference and intergenerational effects in adrenal developmental programming
8 Summary and outlook
Acknowledgments
References

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Gerald Litwack